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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 22 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May" : 22 Documents clear

Self-Healing Ability of High-Strength Fibre-Reinforced Concrete with Fly Ash and Crystalline Admixture T. Chandra Sekhara Reddy Reddy; A Ravitheja Theja; C. Sashidhar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The aim of this study is to analyse the self-healing capability of high-strength fibre-reinforced concrete (M70) with fly ash and crystalline admixture (CA) in four types of environmental exposures i.e. Water Immersion (WI), Wet-Dry Cycles (WD), Water contact (WC) and Air Exposure (AE). Specimens for four mixes are cast, one mix containing 1.1% of CA and three mixes with 10%, 20% and 30% partial replacement of cement with fly ash and additions of 1.1% CA. The specimens were pre-cracked at 28 days, in the range of 0.10-0.40 mm and the time set for healing was 42 days. The result shows that all the mixes have considerable amount of closing ability and strength-regaining capability for all exposure conditions. The concrete with 20% fly ash and 1.1% CA has complete crack closing ability and 100% strength-regaining capability for WI and WD cycle conditions. From SEM analysis, it is confirmed that self-healing products are CaCO3 and C-S-H gel.

Stabilizing the Excavation Materials to be used in Fill Layers Ali Sabbagh Moghadam; Navid Hadiani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Daily increase in the amounts of soil and wastes produced by excavation and demolishing of the old buildings in the urban worn out textures has caused great problems in large cities. The environmental issues due to the irrelevant and non-technical disposal of waste materials have attracted attention of researchers with the aim of recycling and use of these materials in the civil and construction activities. Old buildings constitute a significant portion of Sharestan Razavi Blvd in Mashhad which after demolishing of these buildings the area in this section is covered by the backfill materials and those remained from the demolishing of the buildings. In this research, maximizing use of the available materials and minimizing the transportation work as an execution order have been under focus of attention. Also through performing various tests, the possibility of recycling, stabilizing and implementing these materials at underlying layers of Sharestan Razavi Blvd has been evaluated and the results are presented.

Finite Element Modeling of a Reinforced Concrete Column Strengthened with Steel Jacket Hamza Mahdi Salman; Mohannad Husain Al-Sherrawi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The reinforced concrete column is designed to have a nominal axial resistance. Under different conditions like errors in design, and changing the use of the building from residential to public or storage (extra live loads), the reinforced concrete column will not be able to sustain the desired applied load, and the strengthening is required. This paper presents a finite element model to simulate and investigate the behavior of adding steel jacket to a preloaded and non-damaged reinforced concrete column. Depending on the loading state of the non-strengthened reinforced concrete column and the purpose of adding the steel jacket, two possible cases have been studied. In the first case, which is suitable to investigate the reinforced concrete column with design errors, the steel jacket has been added to the unloaded reinforced concrete column; while the second case is suitable for adding steel jacket to the pre-loaded non-damaged reinforced concrete column. The finite element model was carried out using the ABAQUS/standard v. 6.13 software. The results obtained by the proposed finite element model showed fairly good agreement with the existing experimental and analytical results.

Selecting an Appropriate Express Railway Pavement System Using VIKOR Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model Amin Nejati; Mehdi Ravanshadnia; Ehsan Sadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A gigantic evolution has been brought about in the railway transportation by the emergence of the expressways as the most efficient method of carrying passengers within short and medium interurban distances. Various types of expressway pavements have been offered during the recent years. A considerable amount of the repair and maintenance costs in railroad sector is allocated to the constituents forming the pavements. No thorough and precise research has been so far conducted on the railroad expressways featuring traffics with speeds over 250 km/h and the extant information have merely been trivial changes in the procedures existent for speeds below 200 km/h and these are not deemed of much use and applicability. Thus, the current research paper is devoted to the investigation and selection of express railways pavement system design using VIKOR method. The evaluations indicate that the commencement of the first high-speed train work in 1964 in Japan marked a turning point in the railroad passenger transportation in the world. The development of the high-speed railway transportation is enumerated as an important revolution helping the railroads retake their crucial role in passenger transportation in such a way that it is found overtaking the roadway and aerial transportation and even exposing some airlines to real crisis. The high-speed railroad is undergoing an intensive expansion worldwide and as a safe, sound and sustainable transportation system, it has well proved its role in the social and economic development of the nations.

Numerical Analysis of TBM Tunnel Lining Behavior using Shotcrete Constitutive Model Shaalan, Heyam H.; Azit, Romziah; Mohamad Ismail, Mohd Ashraf
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Shotcrete is a fundamental support element for tunnels and underground constructions. Shortly after application, shotcrete linings undergo a high load while the ordinary concrete is not fully hardened yet. Therefore, the time-dependent behaviour of the shotcrete material must consider. Traditional approaches assume a linear elastic behaviour using a hypothetical young modulus to model this time-dependency and creep effects. In this paper, a new constitutive model of shotcrete is applied to evaluate the time-dependent behaviour of TBM tunnel lining under high in-situ stress state. The Shotcrete model is based on the framework of Elasto-plasticity and designed to account for non-linear and time-dependent behaviour for concrete material more realistically. A parametric study of the time-dependent behaviour of the shotcrete lining, using the shotcrete model, is performed. To achieve this, the influence of the lining thickness, tunnel diameter and tunnel depth on the development of the stresses and displacement of the shotcrete lining with time is investigated. The results showed that the development of the lining tensile stress with time at tunnel crown increases by increasing the lining thickness and tunnel depth, whereas it decreases by increasing of the tunnel diameter. At the tunnel sidewall, the lining compression stress with time increases with the increase of the tunnel depth and diameter, while higher lining thickness decreases the lining compressive stresses. However, the results showed the ability of the shotcrete model to simulate the structural behaviour of the shotcrete lining with time.

Experimental Study of Behaviour of Reactive Powder Concrete Strengthening by NSM-CFRP Corbels Mohammad, Abdul Kareem Qasim; Al-Shamaa, Mushriq Fuad Kadhim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The research contain an experimental examination for the behaviour of reactive powder concrete corbels, strengthened withÂ varying orientation ofÂ Near Surface Mounted Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymers (CFRP) strips. Six reactive powder concrete corbels were tested. Divided into two groups, each group contain three specimens, one of them without strengthening takes as control corbel specimen, two corbels in each group strengthened by inclined and horizontal near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer (NSM-CFRP) stripes, other variable was the shear span to the effective depth ratio (a/d) to study the influences of those variables on the ultimate strength carrying capacity, cracking pattern, cracking load, vertical deflection, failure modes. The results showed an important improvement in the behaviour and load capacity of strengthened reinforced RPC corbels in addition to enhancing the stiffness of corbels. For group A where a/d =0.65, the percentages of increase in load failure were about (10.3% - 15.45%) for inclined and horizontal strengthening respectively, and for group B whereÂ a/d =0.4, the percentages ofÂ increase in load failure were aboutÂ (7.1% - 14.6%) for inclined and horizontal strengthening respectively.

Study of the Vibratory Behavior of the Bridge under the Passage of Mobile Loads Convoys: Comparative Study between Uni-dimensional and Three-dimensional Modeling Meriem Ouchenane
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In order to understand the dynamic behavior of bridges under the passage of convoys of moving vehicles, it was necessary to start with the example of a single moving force, however, this study was deemed insufficient because the bridge is under several vehicle forces simultaneously. As a result, this study focuses on the vibration of bridges subjected to convoys of several mobile loads. Based on the analysis of the equation of motion that manage this behavior for the case of a simply-supported unamortized thin beam, subjected to convoys of one, two, and three forces at constant speed. In order to verify the solution obtained for a convoy of n forces through the superposition of solutions of single force with a time offset, see the influence of the spacing ‘e’ between the forces of the convoy on the dynamic amplification factor and compare the results of the analytical study with those derived from the real model established by the software Csi Bridge.

Geotechnical Challenges of Tehran Metro Line 7 (South Northern Route) Farzad Sadjadi; Ahad Bagherzadeh Khalkhali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Tunneling in urban areas, has raised the level of difficulty and challenge in respecting the constraints deriving from human presence and, therefore, the necessity for the study of geological and geotechnical properties and parameter, classification of the soils according to their engineering behavior, choosing the right TBM, determine groundwater level and determining possible geological hazards. In this paper some geological and geotechnical study took place along the tunnel route. This investigation is done by the result of 73 machinery borehole and 32 manual borehole that took place in the process of studying the tunnel route and continued by the result of field tests and laboratory tests and according to the result, the geological zone classified in 6 zone in tunnel route; due to the result of Cerchar abrasivity test and since Alluvial soil is the main soil in most of the tunneling route, the excavation soil classified as highly abrasive. In some part of tunneling there is a risk of clogging due to the high amount of clay. Based on the results of Lofran tests the permeability of most of the classified soils in route of the tunnel was obtained less that 10E-7 m/s.

Evaluation of the P-Delta Effect on Collapse Capacity of Adjacent Structures Subjected to Far-field Ground Motions Farzin Kazemi; Benyamin Mohebi; Mansoor Yakhchalian
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In urban areas, adjacent structures can be seen in any insufficient distance from each other, because of economic reasons and refusal of acquired minimum separation distance according to seismic previsions. Collapse capacity assessment of structures is one of the important objectives of performance-based seismic engineering. The purpose of this study is to consider the pounding phenomenon and P-Delta effect in seismic collapse capacity assessment of structures. For this purpose, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-story adjacent structures with different conditions of separation distance among them, were modeled in the OpenSees software. Furthermore, Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were performed using 78 far-field ground motion records to compute the collapse capacities of adjacent structures. The results obtained from IDAs for adjacent structures show that during pounding, taller structure reaches its collapse capacity earlier than shorter one. In addition, by considering the P-Delta effect and increasing the distance between adjacent structures, time of collapse and number of impacts increases. According to results, considering the P-Delta effect in modeling has significant influence in seismic collapse capacity assessment of pounding structures.

Evaluation of Legislation Adequacy in Managing Time and Quality Performance in Iraqi Construction Projects- a Bayesian Decision Tree Approach Hafeth Naji; Amer M. Ibrahim; Zainab Hassan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Delay and quality defects are significant problems in Iraqi construction projects. During the period from 2003-2014, legislation has been changed to enhance the performance of construction project. This change is done by modifying some clauses of legislation and adding or deleting the others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of these changes by using questionnaire and Bayesian decision tree model. 30 projects were taken for the period from 2003-2014. Performance of construction project was assessed on one hand by conducting a questionnaire which depend on the impact of legislation clauses on the time and quality performance, while on the other hand Bayesian decision tree model was developed in which qualitative estimate of time and quality performance by using KNIME program. The results of questionnaire estimate the delay from very low to very high and quality from very low to high in Iraqi construction industry. The results of Bayesian decision tree model reveal that the high percentage of construction projects were implemented with very high delay and high level of quality. The model gives good accuracy in prediction time and quality performance about 86.7%. These results show the enhancement in the quality performance is greater than the time performance under the legislative change. The model can assist the Iraqi legislator in evaluation the impact of legislation on time and quality performance of construction project.

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