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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 23 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July" : 23 Documents clear

Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Steel Girders with External Prestressing Abbas, Ali Laftah; Mohammed, Abbas Haraj; khalaf, Raad Dheyab; Abdul-Razzaq, Khattab Saleem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Optimization is a process through which the best possible values of design variables are achieved under the given of constraints and in accordance to a selected optimization objective function. Steel I-girders have been used widely in different fields, which are generally fabricated by connecting two plate flanges, a flat web and a series of longitudinal or transverse stiffeners together. The use of steel girder with external prestressing has been used in many countries as a means of strengthening bridges. The purpose of this paper is to develop a finite element model for the optimization of a steel girder with external prestressing. The ANSYS finite element software package was used to find the optimum cross section dimension for the steel girder. Two objective functions are considered in this study there are optimization of the strain energy and total volume of the girder. The design variables are the width of top flange, the thickness of top flange, the width of bottom flange, the thickness of bottom flange, the height of the web, the width of the web and area of prestressing tendons. Two type of steel girder are considered there are steel girder without prestressing and steel girder with prestressing. The results for volume minimization shows that the optimum cross section for steel girder with prestressing smaller than for steel girder without prestressing.

Exploring the Challenges of Financing Iranâ€™s Construction Projects from China and Providing Improvement Solutions Hajiani, Musa; Azizi, Mojtaba; Eshtehardian, Ehsanollah; Naseh, Kazem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In recent years, the tense regional conditions of the Middle East and international sanctions against Iran have led to Iran's construction projects being financed by foreign sources of complexity and limited to certain countries such as China. In spite of China's desire and signing several agreements, the opportunity and capacity of these packages are not optimized. In an effort to improve the situation, the present study focuses on the financing challenges based on the reality of a sensitive issue on Iran-China relations by presenting a common interface between the pillars of the project. The results of this study is highly likely to increase the efficiency of the financing system of the Iranian construction projects, which are to be financed by China. The statistical population of this research includes the contractors, agent, employer, foreign financer, financial consultant, and contractor of the central headquarters. Three construction projects, with non-existent conditions capable of aggregating their deep and varied data were selected as case studies according to the experts' opinion. Then out of a 25-long list of challenges, 5 challenges were chosen based on the weight as the main challenges, including domestic and foreign challenges, with some appropriate improvement solutions being presented. Based on the results of this research, a closer look at the relationships, the significance of impact and the arrangement of the strategies, produces the conceptual model.

An Analytical Method for Crack Detection of Beams with Uncertain Boundary Conditions by a Concentrated Test Mass Seyed Milad Mohtasebi; Naser Khaji
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The aim of this study is to introduce a method for crack detection and simultaneously assessing boundary conditions in beams. This study suggests a method based on the effect of a concentrated test mass on the natural frequency that is defined as a stationary mass, which can be located in different positions of the beam and cannot be separated from the beam. Timoshenko beam theory is used to calculate the frequencies. In this method, a beam with the desired number of cracks is modeled. The beam is divided into separated parts at crack section which are joined together by elastic weightless torsion springs, to avoid non-linearity effects, it is assumed that the crack is always open. At the first step, equations for a cracked beam are extracted by considering the spring boundary conditions. Then, to verify the equations, numerical finite element model is used. In this way, a new method is also applied to model the torsion springs in supports and it is shown that suggested model is acceptable. Eventually, the obtained responses are evaluated and the sources of errors are identified. To correct the existing errors, a modifying function is suggested. Finally, the inverse problem is solved.

Application of HBIM as a Research Tool for Historical Building Assessment Dina Stober; Roko Žarnić; Davorin Penava; Margareta Turkalj Podmanicki; Romana Virgej-Đurašević
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The benefits and challenges posed by Building Information Modelling in documenting the existing buildings comes from the development of the digital support to the needs, compatibility and interoperability of applied technologies and at the same time of the available knowledge and skills to use a wide range of necessary technologies. Within the scope of Heritage Building Information Modelling, the use of 3D views has become a common practice, often hindered by complex geometry and layered time changes of constructive systems. Implementation of BIM for heritage buildings is developed through the procedures of designing parametric objects and selecting compatible technologies to create a rich information model. The paper presents the application of the 3D BIM approach in researching, documenting and interpreting the historic building of the baroque Palace of the Slavonian General Command in the historic core of Osijek, Croatia. Applied recording technologies, laser scanning, and thermal scanning, as support for HBIM, have been chosen according to selective research goals of the Palace of the Slavonian General Command. The method of simulating non-existent constructive elements from assumptions and analogies is presented as the preceding procedure of creating a HBIM library that opens the possibility of the broader dissemination of information on the explored heritage. The results point to the advantages of the model building approach for valorisation and interpretation of constructive changes over time, through the modelling logic, closely relating to the logic of construction.

Influence of Steel Fiber on the Shear Strength of a Concrete Beam Hameed, Ali Ammar; Al-Sherrawi, Mohannad Husain
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The shear failure in a concrete beam is a brittle type of failure. The addition of steel fibers in a plain concrete mix helps to bridge and restrict the cracks formed in the brittle concrete under applied loads, and enhances the ductility of the concrete. In this research an attempt was made to investigate the behavior and the ultimate shear strength of hooked end steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without traditional shear reinforcement. Four simply-supported reinforced concrete beams with a shear span-to-depth ratio of about 3.0 were tested under two-point loading up to failure. Steel fibers volumetric fractions that used were 0.0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%. Test results indicated that using 1.0% volume fraction of hooked steel fiber led to exclude shear failure and enhanced the use of steel fibers as shear reinforcement in concrete beams. The results also showed that a concrete beam with hooked steel fiber provided higher post-flexural-cracking stiffness, an increase in the shear capacity and energy absorption and an increase in the maximum concrete and steel reinforcement strains.

Discharge Coefficient of a C-Type Piano Key Side Weir at 30Â° and 120Â° Sections of a Curved Channel Mehri, Yaser; Soltani, Jaber; Saneie, Mojtaba; Rostami, Mohhamad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A piano key side weir (PKSW) is a non-linear weir that discharge exceeds linear weirs by increasing the length in width. PKSW can be used in side weirs with space limitation. As side weirs are extensively used in flood control, water level control in rivers, and water supply channels, it is necessary to use PKSW as side weirs. This research discusses the discharge coefficient of a PKSW by assessing a C-type PKSW at 30Â° and 120Â° sections of a channel with a longitudinal curve. Dimensional analysis was used for identifying the parameters effective in the discharge coefficient. The effects of these parameters are examined by analysing the effective parameters. Finally, an empirical relationship has been proposed for determining the discharge coefficient based on the dimensionless parameters for calculating the discharge coefficient with the correlation coefficient of 0.88 and the mean error of 0.091. The influence of the parameter on the PKSW is more than that of the remaining parameters: With an increase in the value of this parameter, considering decreases in the length of the deviation and a lack of submerged inlet keys, the coefficient of discharge increases.

The Influence of Replacing Sand with Waste Glass Particle on the Physical and Mechanical Parameters of Concrete Dabiri, Hamed; Sharbatdar, Mohammad Kazem; Kavyani, A.; Baghdadi, M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Glass is a special type of materials which is widely used in various forms and colors for different usages. Colored bottles comprise a large part of waste glass. To reduce the destructive effects of waste glass on the environment, it might be recycled. However, some indecomposable waste materials are buried. This will have harmful effects on the environment. A practical solution for reducing non-recyclable waste colored glass is using them as replacements for materials in other industries such as concrete industry. The effect of replacing aggregate with waste glass particle on the compressive strength and weight of concrete is investigated in this study. To achieve the goal, totally 27 cubic specimens were created; 6 specimens were made of concrete, while waste glass particle was added to the mix of other specimens. To prevent Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR), Microsilica was added to the mix of specimens containing glass. Generally, Results indicated that replacing aggregate with glass particle more than 30% lead to increment in compressive strength of concrete. The weight of concrete remains almost the same in all of the specimens. Briefly, based on the results it could be concluded that the optimum percentage for replacing aggregate with glass particle is 50%.

Prediction of the Production Rate of Chain Saw Machine using the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network Javad Mohammadi; Mohammad Ataei; Reza Khalo Kakaei; Reza Mikaeil; Sina Shaffiee Haghshenas
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The production rate in rock cutting machines is one of the most influential parameters in designing and planning procedures. Complete understanding of the production rate of cutting machines help experts and owners of this industry to predict the production expenses. Therefore, the present study predicts the production rate of the chain saw machine in dimensional stone quarries. In this research, the method of artificial neural networks was used for modeling and predicting the production rate. In addition, in this modeling, 98 data were collected from the results obtained from field studies on 7 carbonate rock samples as the dataset. Four important parameters, including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Los Angeles abrasion (LAA) Test, equivalent quartz content (Qs), and Schmidt Hammer (Sch) were considered as input data and the production rate was considered as the output data. The model was evaluated by the performance indices for artificial neural networks, including the value account for (VAF), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). For simulation, 10 models were created and evaluated. Finally, the best model, i.e. model No. 3, was selected with a 4 × 3 × 1 structure, including 4 input neurons, 3 neurons in the hidden layer and 1 output neuron. The results obtained from the model’s performance indices show that a very appropriate prediction has been done for determining the production rate of the chain saw machine by artificial neural networks.

Monte Carlo Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern Ghana Osei, Jack Banahene; Adom-Asamoah, Mark; Awadallah Ahmed, Ahmed Ali; Antwi, Eugene Boasiako
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Seismic hazard assessment involves quantifying the likely ground motion intensities to be expected at a particular site or region. It is a crucial aspect of any seismic hazard mitigation program. The conventional probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is highly reliant on the past seismic activities in a particular region. However, for regions with lower rates of seismicity, where seismological data is scanty, it would seem desirable to use a stochastic modelling (Monte Carlo based) approach. This study presents a Monte Carlo simulation hazard model for Southern Ghana. Six sites are selected in order to determine their expected ground motion intensities (peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration). Results revealed that Accra and Tema as the highly seismic cities in Southern Ghana, with Ho and Cape Coast having relatively lower seismicities. The expected peak ground acceleration corresponding to a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the proposed seismic hazard model was as high as 0.06 g for the cities considered. However, at the rather extreme 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, a PGA of 0.5 g can be anticipated. Evidently, the 2% in 50 years uniform hazard spectrum for the highly seismic cities recorded high spectral accelerations, at a natural vibrational period within the ranges of about 0.1-0.3 sec. This indicates that low-rise structures in these cities may be exposed to high seismic risk.

Examining the Effect of Dry Resin on Moisture Sensitivity of Asphaltic Mixtures Ghaffari Jajin, Morteza; Hamedi, Gholam Hossein
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures is defined by the loss of durability and resistance caused by the effect of moisture. The most common way to improve moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures is to use anti-strip additives. This study tended to use dry resin polymer additive to make a moisture-resistant asphaltic mixture. Two types of aggregate indicating different sensitivities against moisture were studied. In order to compare the effect of this material with other anti-strip additives, this study evaluated the effect of hydrated lime on reducing moisture damage and comparing its effect with dry resin polymer additive. The effect of these materials was evaluated by mechanical and thermodynamic concepts using indirect tensile ratio and surface free energy. The results indicated that dry resin polymer used in this study increased alkaline content and reduced acidic content of bituminous surface free energy, resulting in more adhesion between acidic aggregates which are more sensitive to resistance. It also improved bitumen-aggregate adhesion and reduced strip rate. Moreover, hydrated lime as an aggregate anti-strip agent and dry resin polymer as a bituminous modifier significantly increased the resistance of warm asphalt mixtures against moisture. The results of this study show that dry resin polymer can be used as an anti-strip agent instead of hydrated lime with operational problems.

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