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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 22 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August" : 22 Documents clear

Drought Scenario Analysis Using RiverWare: A Case Study in Urumqi River Basin, China Shalamu Abudu; Zhuping Sheng; Hamed Zamani Sabzi; James Phillip King
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this study, we applied RiverWare modeling approach to evaluate the management decisions on surface water and groundwater diversions in the agricultural watershed of the Urumqi River Basin of Xinjiang in Northwestern China. A rule-based daily time step RiverWare model was developed to simulate the hydrologic effects of different water management alternatives considering irrigation and drainage systems, crop water use, and diversion rules at the diversion dams within the basin. Daily data period from 2005 to 2009 was used to calibrate the model and 2010-2012 was used to validate the model. A calibrated daily RiverWare model was then used to evaluate the management decisions under different drought scenarios that generated by using the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) that developed to simulate inflow from upstream of Yingxiongqiao gaging station. Two drought scenarios (reduced precipitation and increased temperature) analysis were performed, and the corresponding hydrological variables were compared to the baseline scenario. The results indicated that the model adequately reproduced the historical inflows for the Wulabo Reservoir. The scenario analysis results suggest that the reduced precipitation led to increased groundwater pumping for irrigation both in the spring and summer. The increased temperature induces a significant increase in surface runoff in the basin and leads to increased crop water demand within the irrigation district, and however does not necessarily reduce the groundwater pumpage. Water operation policies from RiverWare provide guidelines for conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water resources within the basin under different water supply scenarios in the future.

Experimental Analysis on Tensile Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) using Polypropylene Fiber Ali Raza Khoso; Muhammad Fahim; Shanker Lal Mehgwar; Muhammad Akram Akhund
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The high demand of tensile strength in concrete is always a critical issue for engineers, as 10% of the compressive strength is not sufficient to withstand higher loadings. Lesser ductility and strain capacity is another major issue of normal concrete. In the queue of modern researches, this paper is an attempt to study Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) from research of Professor Victor Li, the University of Michigan. ECC is an ultra-ductile cementitious composite which is highly crack resistant, with a high tensile strain capacity over that of normal concrete. The composite replaces coarse aggregates and fine aggregates by sand and fly ash respectively. ECC is made up of OPC, sand (passing from 250 µm and retained on 150µm), Fly Ash (Class F) with addition of Polypropylene fiber on different percentages i.e. 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% were studied. Tensile Strength of ECC was measured by casting & testing cylinders of 4”x 8” in Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The experimental results revealed that 111.40% increment in tensile strength was found at 0.5% PP fiber at ECC 1:1:1 and an increment of 74.74% was observed at ECC 1:0.8:1.2 at 1% PP fiber. The study concludes that this composite could substitute the normal concrete where high tension is the ultimate requirement with higher strain capacity.

Utilization of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Powder as Partial Cement Replacement - A Review Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial; Wan Inn Goh; Noridah Mohamad; Samiullah Sohu; Muhammad Tahir Lakhiar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The increase in population leads to increase in construction of houses and other buildings to accommodate these people. The extensive use of concrete for constructional purposes leads to release of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas into the atmosphere which adds to the already increased global warming. The increase in urbanization has also lead to increased generation of waste materials. These waste materials are by-products, which are disposed in landfills causing environmental and health issues. The utilization of agricultural wastes as cement substitute is a great alternative for reducing the use and production of cement, which contributes to 5% to 7% of global CO2 emissions alone. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Eggshells are two major agricultural wastes, which are generated in abundance in Malaysia. This paper reviews the combined utilization of Eggshells Powder (ESP) and POFA as potential partial cement replacement material and development of bio-concrete, which may help in reducing the environmental issues that are caused by the agricultural by-products. They have been used successfully but individually in concrete. The pozzolanic activity triggered by POFA requires Calcium Hydroxide which cement provides to a limit. Eggshells when grinded into Eggshells Powder (ESP) are rich in calcium oxide and can provide the required calcium hydride and enhance the pozzolanic reaction.

A Parametric Study on the Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Near Surface Mounted FRP Bars Minu Panahi; Mohsen Izadinia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

FRP rods as lightweight materials with extraordinary properties of high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, potentially high overall durability, tailor ability and high specific attributes are one of the most favorable materials to strengthen existing reinforced structures. The present study aimed to identify the behavior of reinforced concrete flexural beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rods through near surface mounted method (NSM). The results of the current study were based on nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS which can accurately simulate the experimental investigations on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with NSM FRP rods. Validation of the proposed model was confirmed first by making a comparison with the experimental study presented in the literature. A parametric analysis was conducted on validated specimens to investigate the effect of FRP rod diameters, rod arrangements, FRP materials, as well as rods groove intervals on flexural behavior of strengthened reinforced beams. The numerical results of mid-span bending moment deflection, ultimate bending moment, failure deflection and ductility index were reported. For the sake of simplicity to be used by engineers, the results of the current study were drawn in the form of design charts and tables.

Field Study of Morphological Parameters in Step-Pool Streams Torbizadeh, Abbas; Tahershamsi, Ahmad; Majdzadeh Tabatabai, Mohammad Reza
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Nowadays, step-pool formations have attracted a lot of attention, which are distinguished by the successive arrangements of the bed, suitable geometry, and the tumbling flow pattern, which can highly disperse water energy. Field study of a stepâpool channel, along with one of the upper reaches of Kamandan River indicated a strong correlation between several morphological parameters of the river such as reach slope, step length, step height, pool depth, local slope, and the like. The length of the reach under the study is 145 meters and has an intermediate morphology based on Montgomery and Buffingtonâs classification. Therefore, twelve distinct step units were identified for 145 meters upstream while the rest was formed by steep morphology. In the present study, different definitions of wave length were applied to establish the relationships among the above parameters. For instance, the difference between apexes of every two successive step elevation was found to have a considerable relationship with the wavelength with a determination coefficient of 0.9. In addition, bankfull width and depth, along the profile for different cross-sections, were determined to establish a relationship between these parameters and pool spacing. Further, the parameters were applied to create a relationship with step heights.

Evaluation of Heat Resistance Adequacy and Non Combustible Materials Construction of a Multifunctional Building Murali .P, Lilly Grace; Sampathkumar, V.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Fire in buildings is one of the major threats. This threat is increasing day by day. This problem necessitates the building designers, construction professionals and the fire professional to find the solution. A detailed study with analysis requires towards the existing fire safety measures. This study analysis results will reveals the adequacy of existing measures. In this article one of the multifunctional building is selected as research sample. In this building applied research type is adopted. Case study method is used to study the each component of the building. The planning parameters of the building and the designing of the structural position are observed in depth manner. The non-combustible materials are identified in the construction of the building. The heat resistance adequacy of each components of the building is evaluated with respect to codel recommendations. The basic concept of fire and life safety measures in buildings are common in international, national and the regional level. These recommendations are thoroughly applied in this research work. These works are analyses and the results or findings are derived. These results are summed up and explained about its objectives. The paper is concluded with comprehensive fire safety measures applications in buildings and recommends fire related various factors research in future. The ultimate aim of this article work is to safe guard lives and property in buildings.

Requirements and Policies for Managing Villages in Tehran Metropolitan Area Mohammadamin Khorasani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Due to the spatial proximity to and spatial-physical dependence on cities, the villages of the cities have many facilities, constraints, opportunities and challenges that are not so extreme in other villages. The main objective of this research is to identify the features of villages located in the metropolitan areas of Iran and provide strategies for managing the problems and challenges of these villages, with emphasis on the villages of Tehran Metropolitan Area. The most important policy recommendations presented in this study are: considering an efficient public transportation system for servicing these villages; a strategic look of the municipality's collection on the issue of employment of people in the city villages which are increasingly migrating into Tehran to provide their livelihoods; the issue of green space in the metropolitan villages and their perspective, which is directly available to the villagers, but the municipality of Tehran can take steps in order to improve the indices related to green space and rural landscape in city areas by adopting due measures; Development of an intermediate facility in Tehran with the aim of preventing the city from spreading to the surrounding area and the villages therein; and finally, regionalism's strategy as the most reasonable, operational and efficient management strategy for investigating and managing the challenges of Tehran metropolitan area villages.

The Effect of Playing Video Advertisement Inside a Car on Driver Visual Distraction Abhari, Mohammadreza; Tabibi, Masoud; Moghadas Nejad, Fereydoon; Ramezani Khansari, Ehsan; Amini, Ehsan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

With the development of in-car technologies and the use of portable devices such as tablets inside the car, one of the most interesting topics for different companies might be to promote advertising within the car. The most important issue with regard to advertising inside the vehicle is the safety issues and issues related to driver distraction.Â The NHTSA regulation, restricted in- car advertising in 2014, whereas, by increasing the use of in-vehicle devices and technologies, in 2016 showing video images in the vehicles were allowed under certain circumstances.Â The current research aims to assess the degree of visual distraction of driver caused by video advertisements broadcasted inside a car.Â The results of this study indicate that the type of advertisement has a direct impact on the visual distraction of the driver. In addition, findings indicate that in case of playing an advertisement in a simple form (accommodated by a speech), a safer situation might be expected compared to situations in which the same advertisement has been broadcasted by a musical content (with or without a speech).

The Role of Environmental Graphic in the Identification of Urban Public Spaces Hanieh Eshaghzadeh Torbati
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Today one of the important spaces in cities is the public spaces that, according to their classification and specifications, there is no limit to the use of different groups of people, and due to the presence of all type of people in these spaces, attention to identifying is of paramount importance. Environmental graphic is one of the useful tools to design the spaces and create identity. Of course we know that urban identity is based on the relationship and coordination of various branches of art and science such as psychology, sociology, economics, traffic, landscaping, urbanization, architecture, graphic design and so on. Although, as an interdisciplinary topic, it can be said that this branch of graphic can affect urban identity reformation, given its potentials. In this paper we attempt to study about this topic through applied descriptive-analytic method and to consider the position and importance of environmental graphic in create identity for urban public spaces, using required parameters analyze and definition by library method. Considering the space constructed in city without notice to identity, we analyze this important that if there is public space made with environmental graphic, how it creates an identity.

Investigating the Effects of Cement Type and W/C Ratio on the Concrete Corrosion Using the Electrical Resistance Assessment Method Moein Biglari; Amirhosein Sheykh Azami; Ali Kahidan; Ehsan Ghafari; Mohammad Ali Ghasemi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Today, concrete is known as the most widespread material in civil projects. Up to now, many research works have been conducted concerning determination of concrete durability using various methods including the measurement of electrical resistance in concrete. The present article is an attempt for application of a new method for measurement of electrical resistance of non-conductive materials which is well suited for concrete. To determine the effects of cement type and water to cement ratio on the corrosion phenomenon the electrical resistance method was used. For this purpose use was made of 7 different water to cement ratios and two types of cement (type 2 and type 5). Drawing the electrical resistance diagrams, it was shown that with increase in the water to cement ratio, corrosion rate increases in concrete. Also application of type 5 cement results in a higher strength resistance with respect to cement type 2. On the other hand by increase in the age of concrete specimens, they showed greater resistance to the corrosion attacks.

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