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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 19 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May" : 19 Documents clear

Analysis and Study on Crack Characteristics of Highway Tunnel Lining Zhang, Nian; Zhu, Xuejian; Ren, Yifan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Lining cracks are one of the most common diseases in highway tunnels, and the existence of lining cracks directly affects the overall stability and durability of tunnels, which has an important impact on the safe operation of tunnels, and it is necessary to analyze and study the characteristics of tunnel lining cracks. Combining with the detection data of multiple highway tunnels in the field, the different types of tunnel cracks are divided, and the classification numerical statistics method is used to obtain that the number and length of annular cracks in highway tunnel cracks are significantly higher than those of the other two kinds of cracks, and the longitudinal cracks in tunnel crack cracking degree are greater than the circumferential cracks and the inclinded cracks. The influence degree of cracks on the safety of tunnel structure longitudinal cracks are relatively the largest, the inclinded cracks are second only to longitudinal cracks, and the influence of cyclic cracks is relatively small. It provides reference for tunnel engineering design, construction, operation management and comprehensive improvement work.

Effect of Mould Size on Compressive Strength of Green Concrete Cubes Bashir Ahmed Memon; Mahboob Oad; Abdul Hafeez Buller; Sajjad Ahmed Shar; Abdul Salam Buller; Fahad-u-Rehman Abro
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper is aimed to evaluate the effect of mould size on compressive strength of concrete cubes made with recyclable concrete aggregates. Natural coarse aggregates were replaced with 50% recycled aggregates from old demolished concrete. Five different mould sizes were used to cast 420 concrete cubes using 1:2:4 mix and 0.55 water/cement ratio. In each size equal number of cubes was cured for 3, 7, 14 and 28-day. After curing, weight of cubes was determined followed by testing for compressive strength in universal load testing machine with gradually increasing load. From the obtained results the strength correction coefficients were computed keeping 28-day cured standard size cubes as control specimens. Also, numerical expression based on regression analysis was developed to predict the compressive strength using weight of cube, area of mould and curing age as input parameter. The numerical equation predicts the compressive strength very well with maximum of 10.86% error with respect to experimental results.

Numerical Evaluation of Foundation of Digester Tank of Sewage Treatment Plant Mahdi O Karkush; Ala N. Aljorany
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the present study the foundation of digester tank, main part of sewage treatment plant, is reanalyzed analytically and numerically to check the adequacy of such foundation to support superstructure loading. The foundation of digester tank consists of raft foundation and bored piles. The diameter of raft is 33 m and thickness of 1 m, while the piles are bored type of diameter 0.6 m and length 15 m. After testing eleven working piles, it is found that three piles cannot support a load of 1.5 times the working load (1305 kN) safely or in other words the factor of safety of these failed piles is less than 1.5. The results of filed pile tests are reanalyzed using two well-known methods, Davisson’s method and Brinch-Hansen method to check the ultimate carrying capacity of tested piles. Also, this paper includes analysis of previous soil investigation report and conducting additional soil investigation by drilling three boreholes to secure the soil parameters used in the analytical and numerical analysis of digester tank foundation. SAFE 12 software is used to analysis the foundation of structure as piled-raft instead of pile group to interest from the interaction between soil and raft foundation. The results of analysis showed that the piles failed in the tests can support its share of the superstructure load by a factor of safety 1.8 and the piles success in the field tests can support its share of the superstructure load by a factor of safety not less than 2.86. Also, the settlement under structure will be less than 100 mm, where using piled-raft analysis reduces the settlement to be within allowable limits.

Serviceability Assessment of Continuous Beams Strengthened by SMA Strands under Cyclic Loading Fatemeh Azadpour; Ali Akbar Maghsoudi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Since the wide cracks or large deflections can have a significant effect on the appearance of concrete elements and may cause some uncommon behavior, therefore, serviceability of concrete structures requires investigation. The main objective of this paper is to study experimentally the serviceability of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by Ni-Ti strands. In addition, some building code provisions were used to calculate crack width and deflection. The current study presents the experimental results to verify the accuracy of building codes’ provisions for continuous RC beams strengthened by SMA strands. Although a pattern of smaller width cracks was monitored for strengthened beams, more than 50% of the crack widths were recovered because of super elastic SMA strands. The performance of crack width provisions illustrates an overestimated crack width for SMA RC beams. Moreover, the predicted values for immediate deflections based on building codes provided a good agreement, although the effective reinforcement ratio (steel reinforcement and SMA strands) had a significant effect on immediate deflections of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by SMA strands under service loads.

Behavioral Differences Towards Internal and External Factors in Making the Bid/No Bid Decision Bageis, Abdulrahman; Falqi, Ibrahim I.; Alshehri, Abdullah; Alsulamy, Saleh; Alsahli, Tariq A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Decision-making and subjective evaluation are two important aspects that characterizes the involvement of an organization in tender process. Moreover, selection of the right project to bid for is a principal feature of business success. The study aims to investigate the behavioral differences of Saudi construction contractors toward internal and external factors based on the process of modelling the bidding decisions. A quantitative research design is used to investigate the behavioral differences of 97 contractors recruited from construction industry of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was distributed among the respondents that would help in identifying the significant level of factors affecting the bid or no bid decision. The impact of internal and external factors on the bidding decisions was evaluated using one-way ANOVA analysis. The results have shown a significant and positive effect of internal and external factors on the bid or no bid decision; including job start time, work capital requirement, availability of qualified human resources, bidding methods, bidding document price, project supervision procedure and etc. The study has helped in establishing a better understanding toward the behavioral differences of contractors with respect to the bidding decisions.

Influence of Glass Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates Ali, Babar; Qureshi, Liaqat Ali; Raza, Ali; Nawaz, Muhammad Asad; Rehman, Safi Ur; Rashid, Muhammad Usman
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Despite plain cement concrete presenting inferior performance in tension and adverse environmental impacts, it is the most widely used construction material in the world. Consumption of fibers and recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) can add ductility and sustainability to concrete. In this research, two mix series (100%NCA, and 100%RCA) were prepared using four different dosages of GF (0%GF, 0.25%GF, 0.5%GF, and 0.75%GF by volume fraction).Â Mechanical properties namely compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of each concrete mixture was evaluated at the age of 28 days. The results of testing indicated that the addition of GF was very useful in enhancing the split tensile and flexural strength of both RCA and NCA concrete. Compressive strength was not highly sensitive to the addition of GF. The loss in strength that occurred due to the incorporation of RCA was reduced to a large extent upon the inclusion of GF. GF caused significant improvements in the split tensile and flexural strength of RCA concrete. Optimum dosage of GF was determined to be 0.25% for NCA, and 0.5% for RCA concrete respectively, based on the results of combined mechanical performance (MP).

Prioritizing the Main Elements of Quality Costs in Design-Build Mass-Housing Projects Mohammad Balouchi; Majid Gholhaki; Ali Niousha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Reducing the cost of quality in mass-housing projects can reduce the overall cost and can also result in increasing profitability or the possibility of getting more projects due to the lower price offered in the tenders. The first step to reduce the cost of quality is to identify different elements, determine their impact on the final product quality and then prioritize them. In this study, questionnaires and structured interviews with experienced construction professionals were employed to identify and prioritize the fundamental elements using the P-A-F (prevention, evaluation, and failure) method, one of the most well-known methods for categorizing quality costs. The results indicate a high impact of preventive activities and the low impact of external failure activities on final product quality. According to the results, the use of experienced specialists and skilled workers is more effective than in-service training of inexperienced forces. Corrective actions of non-conformities and design improvements have a significant impact on final product quality. The new approach to COQ elements ranking, used in this research, can help decision-makers to prioritize the most effective activities in construction projects to increase final quality with an optimum quality cost.

Experimental Investigation for Effects of Mini-piles on the Structural Response of Raft Foundations Huda Hussein Ahmed; Salah Rohaima Al-Zaidee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Mini-piles made their debut as a cost-effective way to stabilize the historical structures. Recently, mini-piles have increased in popularity all over the world and are being used for bridges, buildings, slope stability, antenna towers, and residential construction. This paper presents the preparing, executing, data acquisition, and result presentation for an experimental work concerns with five scale-down mini-piled raft foundation models. All models were prepared to study the effectiveness of the mini-piled raft foundation in reducing the settlement and the bending moments. Five tests have been achieved. The reference first test includes a raft foundation with 15mm thickness. Second, third, and fourth tests are mini-piled raft foundations with five mini-piles and with thicknesses of 15 mm, 10 mm, and 8mm respectively. Finally, the fifth test dealt with a single mini-pile 178mm in length and 6mm in diameter. It has been adopted to investigate the reference behavior of the single mini-pile. When they were used, the piles have 42 mm center to center distances. A scale-down factor of , a sandy soil with with of , and relative density of 60% have been considered in all tests. Test results indicated a 45% decrease in settlement for 15mm mini-piled raft foundation comparing with the reference 15mm raft foundation. Moreover, there is no significant difference in settlement between 15mm mini-piled raft foundation comparing with the 10mm and 8mm thick mini-piled raft foundations. Regarding to the bending moments, they decrease at the mid and edge of the 15mm mini-piled raft foundation comparing to those of the reference raft foundation. It has also been noted that the moments are inversely proportional to the thickness of the piled raft foundations. With respect to the mini-piles, it has been found that most of the pile axial loads are transferred to the underneath soil through friction and this friction increases as the raft thickness decreases.

Rapid Performance Evaluation of Water Supply Services for Strategic Planning Gulfam Shahzad; Rashid Rehan; Muhammad Fahim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The assessment of existing water supply services was carried out through selected performance indicators with the aim of using that data in future for strategic planning of urban Mardan. The key performance indictors studied were selected to assess both the quantity and quality of water. The quality of water was assessed by turbidity, pH, and E-coli tests for samples collected at the start, middle, and tail end of the distribution system. The quantity of water supplied was measured by calculating discharges from water tapes at the three selected locations in the distribution system. A total of thirty samples were collected from ten union councils out of fourteen covering urban Mardan. A number of issues are highlighted in the overall water supply infrastructure and short, mid, and long term remedial measures are recommended. The results are presented in the form of an interactive map using Google Earth and VBA based dynamic database. It was found that the overall quality of water is generally acceptable for drinking. However, the presence of bacteria is an issue in many cases which needs to be resolved. A significant decrease in discharge is observed in the distribution systems away from the source due to leakages and illegal connections. A comprehensive overhaul of both management and infrastructure is required for sustainable and satisfactory level of services.

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Cropping Pattern Elements Using Systems Dynamics Masoumeh Hashemi; Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh; Peyman Daneshkare Arasteh; Mehdi Zarghami
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Tragedies arising from poor water resources management and planning are significantly more relevant than climate change and frequent natural droughts, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Nearly 92% of total water is allocated to the agricultural sector in Iran. In this situation, cultivation patterns play an important role in agricultural water management. Evaluating the effect of each crop would help the stakeholders make a rational decision in choosing appropriate cropping patterns to avoid groundwater depletion as well as maintain their livelihoods. The Qazvin plain in Iran, whose aquifer has had a drawdown of nearly 20m during the last 15 years, was used in this case study. It has been modeled using system dynamics, which includes two subsystems: hydrology, for calculating groundwater level, and economy, for defining farmer’s income in the years from 1997 to 2011. The system dynamics, which included 17 crops, was developed after calibration by simple genetic algorithm and verification under extreme condition tests. To identify the economic and environmental effect of each of the crops, the system dynamics was run 18 times, removing crops one by one. It has been found that wheat plays an important role in causing a negative water balance but does not affect the farmers’ incomes as significantly as grapes. Two indicators, which included sustainable water resources and water exploitation, were employed to assess the scenarios as well. According to the results, no scenarios are fully sustainable for maintaining a steady aquifer, but scenario 1, which removed wheat from the cropping pattern, is the most sustainable and puts the least pressure on the aquifer.

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