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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 18 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June" : 18 Documents clear

Study of Effect of Nano-Silica on Strength and Durability Characteristics of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavement Construction Kumar, Bimal; Sinha, Sanjeev; Chakravarty, Hillol
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Increasing demands of cement concrete for construction of rigid pavements motivates for the utilization of other sustainable waste cementitious materials. High volume fly-ash concrete (HVFAC) which is composed of more than 50% fly-ash fulfils the aspiration of large volume of fly-ash which are produced world over. The disadvantage which the HVFAC has is its delayed gain of strength. Contemporary literature identifies nano-silica as the material which when added in small percentages in HVFAC has the potential to improve its strength and durability characteristics at an early age. The objective of the study is to investigate the strength and durability characteristics of HVFAC modified with addition of different percentages of nano-silica so that it can be used for construction of rigid pavements. The methodology of the study involves mix proportioning of HVFAC and introducing nano-silica powder in aqueous medium after mixing it thoroughly at 2500 rpm. Various tests related to strength and durability was carried out after 28, 56 and 90 days age of concrete. The tests related to strength namely flexural strength, compressive strength and split tensile strength tests were carried out. Durability characteristics were evaluated by permeability, sorptivity and rapid chloride penetration tests and were confirmed by density and ultrasonic pulse velocity test.Â The test results show that the utilization of 2% nano-silica in HVFAC enhances the strength and durability characteristics to a level that are comparable to that of normal concrete after 28 days and thus, can be sustainably utilized for rigid pavement construction.

Effect of Alccofine and GGBS Addition on the Durability of Concrete Balamuralikrishnan R; Saravanan J
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Portland cement is the most important ingredient of concrete. A large scale production of cement plant consume large amount of energy and produce a number of undesirable products ( which negatively affect the environmental and depletion of natural resources. This treat to ecology has to lead to researchers to use industrial by-products as supplementary cementitious material in making concrete. In view this silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash, fly ash (FL), metakolin, alccofine (AL), micro fine material, etc.; are tried out for replacing cement partially or fully in concrete, without compromising on its strength, also reduce greenhouse gases and sustainable way of management of waste. A new ultra-fine material emerged in market is called alccofine. This is available as a cementious material for replacing cement. Since this a new material, a study is tried out with the combination of Alccofine and GGBS. Ordinary Portland Cement 53 grade was used throughout the study and the grade of concrete is M20. Totally 108 cubes and 27 cylinder were cast and tested in the laboratory with nine different percentage combination of alccofine (A), GGBS (G) and cement (C) (C100, C70A0G30, C90A10G0, C60A10G30, C30A10G30, C40A0G60, C85A15G0, C55A15G30, C25A15G60). Each case 3 nos. of specimen were used for repeatability. It is intended to study the compressive strength, and its durability properties like acid attack test, sulphate attack test and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). Among the nine different combination the maximum compressive strength of concrete is achieved by using AL10% and GGBS 30% is 38.08 N/mm2. C60A10G30 is 28.76% higher than the control mix. Result shows that concrete incorporating alccofine and GGBS have higher compressive strength and alccofine enhanced the durability of concrete also.

Extreme Events design and Mitigation Methods: A Review Lawali Moussa Laminou; Zhangjun Liu; Xinghua Chen
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recently, extreme events have highlighted their potentially tragic effects on structural and infrastructure systems. Resilience of the Community to these extreme vents is an important issue of increasing more concern for developing design methods. Such extreme events scenarios involve many uncertainties, such as the intensity, location, and period. The extreme events may include those caused by various natural or manmade hazards, such as earthquake, strong winds, fire, blast, etc. Compared to other events, earthquake and wind are particularly critical due to their significant threats to the global structure performance and more challenges for design. Researchers have recognized that proper evaluation, modeling, and assessment of the effects of extreme events are fundamental to ensure the desired performance of structures. Therefore, the concern for developing appropriate methodologies to evaluate and design structures that can withstand the effects of extreme events has become a very active field of research in recent years. Improvement of building codes and development of new strategies are needed to mitigate the disastrous effects of extreme events. This paper presents a comprehensive review of literature surrounding designing building structures for extreme events. First, a general overview of the extreme events design and different objectives of approaches is conducted. Furthermore, a review related literature surrounding designing for earthquake resistance guidelines is presented, also highlights Performance-Based Seismic Design objectives. The available literature includes many studies for the provisions included in different design codes (China, United States and Europe). A review of literature related to wind resistance design with an overview of Performance Based Wind Design of building design method for the control of winds impacting on building structures is also presented.

Comparison of Single and Group Jet Grouting Columns Capacity Based on Field Load Test and Theoretical Methods Al-Kinani, Ali M.; Ahmed, Mahmood D.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The evaluation of axial capacity of jet grouted soil cement columns in soft soil is a complicated issue because it depends according to the number of factors such as, soil type, influence mixture between soil and grouting materials, nozzle jet energy, jet grouting and water flow rate, rotation and lifting speed. These parameters related to the type of jet grouting methods (single, double and triple system). Most methods of design the bearing capacity of the jet-grouting column based on experience. Therefore, some designer calculates the bearing capacity of the jet grouting column based on jet grout section capacity. In this paper, different theoretical methods have been used to estimate of the jet grouting soil-cement capacity, such as Poulos and Davis, 1980 methods and then their comparison with the pile load test calculations based on the quick pile load test as presented in ASTM-D1143-07.Â Therefore, the study describes a prototype test single and group jet grout soil-cement models of arrangement (1*1, 1*2 and 2*2) for total length to diameter ratios (L/D) is 13.33 and clear spacing three times of diameter has been constructed in soft clayey soils in the right bank of the Euphrates River, at Al- Nasiriyah city. As a result, the theoretical method for estimation the bearing capacity gives unfaithful values for the single and group jet grout column compared to the load- settlement calculations obtained from field pile load test data. On the other hand, the Hansenâ€™s 90% and Butler and Hoyâ€™s given closer results to each other and may be considered faithful interpretation methods to compute the bearing capacity of single and group jet grouting columns.

Laboratory Investigation on Discharge Coefficient of Trapezoidal Piano Key Side Weirs Minasadat Seyedjavad; Seyed Taghi Omid Naeeni; Mojtaba Saneie
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A spillway is a hydraulic structure used to provide the controlled release of surplus waters and floods from a dam into a downstream area. A side weir is a multipurpose hydraulic structure which is constructed in water conveyance systems with a height lower than that of the canal wall. When the water surface level goes up, the side weir regulates the discharge and controls the water surface in the main canal. Besides, the side weir controls and diverts floods in dam reservoirs, diverts the flow and protects the structure against the river inundations. In this research, a laboratory investigation is performed with 16 Type-A piano key weirs and three different pier heights of 10, 15 and 20cm. These weirs are studied for two cases of 1 and 2. The results show that the weirs with 15cm and 20cm heights in both cases 1 and 2 have the highest discharge coefficient in dimensionless ratios of 0.2> H/P> 0.4 and H/P>0.5 respectively. Having reviewed previous studies, it could be concluded that the trapezoidal piano key side weir is capable of releasing a flow 1.2 times more than that of the linear trapezoidal labyrinth weir with 12 degrees angle and 1.87 times more than the one with 6 degrees angle, and 1.5 times more than that of the triangular labyrinth weir.

A Hybrid Fuzzy TOPSIS – Best Worst Method for Risk Prioritization in Megaprojects Ashraf Norouzi; Hamid Ghayur Namin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Megaprojects are usually complex and in many cases encounter failure in terms of finish late or overspent. This study aims to investigate the critical risk factors behind these projects as well as their priority. Project risk management is a mature research stream. But when focus on megaprojects the amount of research decreases significantly. This research provides a hierarchy of risk structure in Tehran-Rasht railway megaproject and prioritizes the risk factors through a two-phase methodology. This method is a new hybrid MCDM technique consist of group fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy Best-Worst Method. BWM is the latest MCDM technique which in this paper, its fuzzy version combined with fuzzy TOPSIS is employed. This research also considers all the project success criteria including time, cost and quality simultaneously and calculates the risk priority Index (RPI) accordingly. The results imply that quality is the most important project success factor and the risk elements with greater impact on project quality, get higher PRI. The identified and ranked risk factors help practitioners and academics to follow the subsequent steps of the risk management process of Iranian transportation megaprojects.

The Technology of Calculating the Optimal Modes of the Disk Heating (Ball) Yury Alexandrovich Kostikov; Alexander Mikhailovich Romanenkov
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091340

The paper considers the problem of optimal control of the process of thermal conductivity of a homogeneous disk (ball). An optimization problem is posed for a one-dimensional parabolic type equation with a mixed-type boundary condition. The goal of the control is to bring the temperature distribution in the disk (ball) to a given distribution in a finite time. To solve this problem, an algorithm is proposed that is based on the gradient method. The object of the study is the optimal control problem for a parabolic boundary value problem. Using the discretization of the original continuous differential problem, difference equations are obtained for which a numerical solution algorithm is proposed. Difference approximation of a differential problem is performed using an implicit scheme, which allows to increase the speed of calculations and provides the specified accuracy of calculation for a smaller number of iterations. An approximate solution of a parabolic equation is constructed using the one-dimensional sweep method. Using differentiation of the functional, an expression for the gradient of the objective functional is obtained. In this paper, it was possible to reduce the multidimensional heat conduction problem to a one-dimensional one, due to the assumption that the desired solution is symmetric. A formula is obtained for calculating the variation of a quadratic functional that characterizes the deviation of the current temperature distribution from the given one. The flowcharts and implementations of the algorithm are presented in the form of Matlab scripts, which clearly demonstrate the process of thermal conductivity and show the computation and application of optimal control in dynamics.

Buckling of Radially Loaded Concrete Cylinders in Fire Condition Abdelraouf Tawfik Kassem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091326

Concrete cylinders are commonly used in water treatment and sewerage plants, in the form of wells or basins. They are mainly subjected to axial compression resulting from soil lateral pressure and aqueous hydrostatic pressure, in case of the presence of a groundwater table; that is why they are mostly designed in the form of a circular hollow section. Concrete cylinders face a complicated case of loading in fire condition, as a result of material degradation in addition to thermally induced stresses. This paper studies buckling stability of that case where, a concrete cylinder is subjected to an internal fire load in addition to superimposed structural loads from the surrounding environment. The main objective of the research is to study buckling stability of concrete cylinders through identifying various structural and thermal parameters, controlling that behaviour. Finite element modelling using "Ansys 18.1" has been chosen as an approach to deal with the research problem. Twenty-five solid elements models have been prepared to study both thermal and structural behaviour of concrete cylinders in fire condition. Cylinder thickness, slenderness ratio, load ratio, and groundwater presence have been adopted as main research parameters to identify their effect on well's fire buckling endurance, in accordance with ISO 834 standard fire curve. A parametric study has been designed to study fire endurance vulnerability to cylinder thickness ranging from 50 mm up to 800 mm; diameter to thickness ratio [D/t] ranging from "10" up to "160"; full spectrum of structural load ratios; in addition to the presence of a surrounding groundwater. Outputs of the parametric study have been introduced in the form of figures, which could be used as preliminary design aids to identify buckling fire endurance as function of load ratio for various spectrums of thickness and slenderness ratios. Moreover, critical thicknesses and load ratios have been revealed.

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