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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 17 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February" : 17 Documents clear
The Effect of Shear Span on the Behavior of Triangularly Corrugated Web Steel Girders Mazin Diwan Abdullah; Abdulamir Atalla Almayah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-09

Abstract

Built-up steel girders have many applications in structural engineering, both in bridges and buildings. Flat web steel girders, which are the traditional choice, involve several weaknesses. Girders with corrugated webs were found to be more effective in their load-carrying capacity and deflection than girders with flat webs. In light of this, an effort is made in this work to examine how the addition of triangular corrugated webs influences the load-bearing capacity and deflection of steel girders. This study aimed to determine whether or not the strength of built-up steel with corrugated webs could be improved. A concentrated midspan load was applied to six simply supported steel beams of varying span-to-depth ratios (1.0, 1.833, and 2.5) and web corrugation amplitudes (30 and 60 mm). An increase in ultimate strength of 15.7% to 35.1% was found for webs with triangular corrugations of 30 mm and from 2% to 29.1% for webs with corrugations of 60 mm. A reduction in deflection of up to 35.3% can be attained when using triangular corrugated webs. It was also found that using webs with 30 mm corrugations was more efficient than using webs with 60 mm corrugations. The effect of corrugation was found to fade when the span-to-depth ratio increased to 2.5. This led to the conclusion that using webs of 30 mm amplitude of triangular corrugation could improve the strength and serviceability of steel girders. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-09 Full Text: PDF
Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Squat Walls Ahmed Faleh Al-Bayati
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-03

Abstract

Squat shear walls are widely used in various structures to resist earthquake loads. However, the relevant design expressions found in building codes and literature do not incorporate the influence of all crucial parameters and provide inconsistent peak shear strength estimations. This study adopts the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the peak shear strength of squat walls using an extensive database that includes the results of 487 walls with wide-ranging test parameters. The ANN models consider the effect of concrete strength, the wall aspect ratio, vertical and horizontal reinforcements, vertical reinforcement of boundary elements, and axial load ratio. These accurately predicted the available test results. They implemented it to carry out parametric and sensitivity analysis to investigate the effect of the main parameters on the peak strength and to give information about the factors that contribute most to the shear response. In addition, a softened strut and tie method is proposed, considering the variables that substantially influence the shear strength. A nonlinear regression analysis is employed to determine the coefficients of the proposed model using the available database. The performance of the proposed model is measured using the existing models, which results in the best favorable agreement with the test results. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-03 Full Text: PDF
Properties of Fly Ash-Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete with Low Molarity Sodium Hydroxide Ernawati Sri Sunarsih; Sholihin As'ad; Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam; Stefanus Adi Kristiawan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-010

Abstract

Most geopolymer concrete is produced using low-calcium fly ash and cured at high drying temperatures. Additionally, the activator is prepared with a sodium hydroxide (SH) solution of high molarity. This research proposes using a low molarity SH solution to produce fly ash-slag-based geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature. The properties to be investigated include workability, water absorption, and compressive strength. The influence of mixture composition, i.e., slag content, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio, and alkaline activator to binder (Al/Bi) ratio on those properties is of interest. The slag substituted fly ash at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% replacement levels. The SS/SH ratio is 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, with the SH molarity determined at 2M. The Al/Bi ratio is 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. The results show that a higher percentage of slag reduces slump and water absorption but increases the compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete. The mixtures suitable for use are at the percentages of slag 20, 30, and 40%. An increase in the SS/SH ratio decreases the slump and water absorption. Geopolymer concrete with an SS/SH ratio of 1.5 gives maximum compressive strength compared to the other ratios. Increasing the ratio of Al/Bi increases the workability of geopolymer concrete. At an Al/Bi ratio of 0.45, the compressive strength is maximum and the water absorption is minimum. The recommended mix design in terms of workability, water absorption, and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is a mixture with slag contents of 20, 30, and 40%, a SS/SH ratio of 1.0 and 1.5, and an Al/Bi ratio of 0.45 and 0.50. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-010 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Analysis of Settlement of a Piled Raft Foundation on Coastal Soil Syed Raghib Abbas Shah; Aneel Kumar; Muhammad Auchar Zardari; Tauha Hussain Ali; Riaz Bhanbhro
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-05

Abstract

There is a growing demand for multi-story buildings for residence and commercial purposes in coastal areas of Sindh, Pakistan. Such types of soils are generally considered more compressible with high groundwater levels, which may cause lower shear strength and higher settlement. The computation of the settlement of foundations requires the use of advanced constitutive models, which are not commonly used due to a lack of field or experimental data. This study is carried out to illustrate the use of an advanced soil model, i.e., Hardening Soil Model for the computation of settlement. For this purpose, numerical modeling was carried out using Finite Element Program PLAXIS 2D. Initially, the MC Model was utilized for the calculation of the settlement of a 10-story building in the coastal soil. In addition, parametric analyses for the effects of modulus of elasticity, permeability, and dilatancy angle were carried out. The results mainly suggest that the settlement of the building constructed on a piled raft foundation, predicted with the MC model, was 40% higher than that of the HS model. For prediction of settlement of the piled raft foundation, the results suggest that the HS model can be given preference as compared to the MC model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-05 Full Text: PDF
Multigene Genetic Programming Based Prediction of Concrete Fracture Parameters of Unnotched Specimens M. R. Sudhir; M. Beulah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-011

Abstract

This study explores the fracture energy of notched and unnotched concrete specimens subjected to the classical three-point bend test, instantiating a gradational step in the continued development of concrete fracture mechanics. An experimental campaign involving 18 notched test specimens and nine unnotched specimens of three different grades of concrete, an examination of the existing literature models for unnotched specimens, and a novel Multigene Genetic programming (MGGP) based concrete fracture energy model for unnotched specimens are integral to this study. As a salient result, the multiple approaches to quasi-brittle materials adopted in the study, highlighted the criticality of the determination of fracture energy, tensile strength and characteristic length for the crack width study. The failure modes of notched and unnotched specimens were found to be similar. The reported literature has mainly focused on a limited number of fracture energy influencing parameters. Therefore, six impact parameters have been chosen and incorporated into the present study to provide a more acceptable explanation of concrete fracture behaviour. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters and an error analysis of the model undertaken have established the accuracy and robustness of the developed MGGP model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-011 Full Text: PDF
The Environmental and Sustainable Factors on the Special Economic Zones Development Suharman Hamzah; Daisy Pangemanan; Evi Aprianti
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-06

Abstract

The process towards sustainability is indeed very complicated, given the increasing need of the population for infrastructure to support human activities. The objective of the study is to analyze the influence of environmental factors and their awful effects on infrastructure projects with sustainable construction models in special economic zones. The methodology used are mixed methods, combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches with the total respondent are 80 persons. The respondents involved are divided by company/institution, company’s qualifications, and stakeholders. The first validity shows that all factors have a value above 0.5, by using Fornell Lacker Criterion, it is found that the CDV value met the requirements from all variables involved. The validation was calculated by a cross-loading method called discriminant validity. After validity, it is continued to obtain model fit value and the final model fit is 0.568 means good model. The NFI value released was 56.8%. It means that the declared model was good enough to be implemented within sustainability in SEZs. This result supported the previous research, which stated that a sustainable construction model using a multi-criteria approach is a good model choice for the development of a sustainable construction model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-06 Full Text: PDF
Bond-slip Behaviour of NSM GFRP Bars in Reinforced Recycled-Aggregate Concrete: Experiments and a Modified Model Anh-Tuan Le; Thuy Ninh Nguyen; Vui Van Cao
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-01

Abstract

Bond-slip behaviour of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars embedded in conventional concrete has been widely investigated. In contrast, the bond-slip behaviour of near-surface mounted (NSM) GFRP bars bonded in reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) seems to be less explored, while recycled materials have been increasingly used due to reasons of environmental pollution and resource exhaustion. This study aimed to experimentally and theoretically examine the bond-slip behaviour of NSM GFRP bars in reinforced RAC under monotonic and cyclic loadings. To achieve this aim, twenty-four tests were performed, which were divided into two groups by monotonic and cyclic loadings. In each group, twelve tests were performed on ten reinforced RAC specimens and two reinforced normal aggregate concrete (NAC) specimens. The test results confirmed the brittle shear failure of concrete in the proximity of a resin-concrete surface. Bond-slip behaviour can be characterized by nonlinear and linear branches, in which the linear branch dominates the behaviour. Under monotonic and cyclic loadings, the average slips of GFRP bars in reinforced RAC were 0.238 and 0.284 mm, and their coefficients of variation (COV) were relatively large at 0.142 and 0.130, respectively. In contrast, ultimate loads had a relatively low COV of around 0.038. The effect of cyclic loading significantly increased the ultimate slip by 19.3%, whereas it negligibly reduced the ultimate load; consequently, the stiffness was reduced by 19.4%. A modified smooth model was proposed to predict the bond-slip behaviour of NSM GFRP bars in reinforced RAC under monotonic and cyclic loadings. The simplicity and accuracy of the model can be useful for engineers in structural retrofitting using NSM FRP technique. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-01 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Studies on Some Clays Leading to Instability Boubakeur Ykhlef; Abdelghani Belouar; Azdine Boulfoul
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-012

Abstract

The landslide problem in the city of Constantine (Algeria) is mostly due to clayey soil, which is covering the whole area. Therefore, all the structures and foundations built over such soil are quite vulnerable. The sensitivity of this soil increases during the rainfall season, which might reach an extreme magnitude and cause damage to the structures. To understand some aspects of the failure of the mentioned soil and its mechanism, a large campaign of geotechnical characterization was undertaken using samples from the area. The specific gravity, Atterberg limits, and coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest were determined. Samples were tested in triaxial stress path cells over a range of stresses, with the test being either stress- or strain-controlled, leading to sliding phenomena under different stress levels. The clays can be classified as over-consolidated soils. The test program and the characterization study indicated that Kois directly related to the stress history of the soil and also dependent upon the state of the sample before the test (i.e., undisturbed or disturbed). The clay minerals in the Mio-Pliocene landslide zones in Constantine are mostly montmorillonite and kaolinite, which have the lowest frictional resistance. As the montmorillonite content increases, the angle of internal friction decreases. The present study focuses on the critical state analysis since all the behavior problems of these tested samples show a peak shear strength, which is characteristic of over-consolidation materials that could lead to instability in this area. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-012 Full Text: PDF
Trip Attraction Rates of Banking Services in Developing Countries' Cities Metwally G. M. Altaher; Mohamed A. Elsayed; Hassan D. Hassanin; Ali R. Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-07

Abstract

There is a lack of studies on trip generation rates related to land use activities in developing countries. The absence of trip rates makes transportation planners use rates listed in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, which may lead to unrealistic results. The study aims to determine trip attraction rates for banking services in Zagazig city, Egypt, and evaluate the factors affecting the attracted trips to the banks. The study has designed and implemented a comprehensive data collection and analysis program. The study sample contained nine banks. The study has conducted field surveys that counted the total number of persons entering/exiting the bank under investigation and the generated traffic volume of the adjacent street. The trip rates have been established in terms of independent variables, i.e., gross floor area, the total number of employees, and the number of tellers for different types of banks. Findings showed that average trip attraction rates for public banks were higher than for private banks. There was a strong relationship between trip attractions and the total number of employees at public banks. The most representative factor of private banks' trip attractions was the number of tellers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-07 Full Text: PDF
Contribution to Railway Track Maintenance Planning from the Analysis of Dynamic Movements of Trains Isaias Pereira Seraco; Hostilio Xavier Ratton Neto
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-02

Abstract

Dynamic movements of trains in relation to the track have a significant impact on the displacement stability of rail vehicles, having effects inclusive of operational safety. Although there are numerous approaches to track maintenance planning, most of them are based solely on long-term geometric degradation assessments without taking into account any dynamic parameters in assessing operational safety or establishing means to predict future rolling stock accelerations relative to the track in order to develop safer maintenance plans. This paper introduces a method of track maintenance planning based on geometric degradation modeling and prediction of rolling stock vertical and horizontal acceleration. The goal is to establish how frequent geometric maintenance is necessary to ensure operational safety under geometric and dynamic criteria. This approach is based on regression models defined from geometric and dynamic inspection data. The method was applied in a passenger railway and obtained expressive results that corroborated the need of considering dynamic aspects on maintenance planning, as sections of the analyzed railway were identified with operation becoming unsafe, under the dynamic criterion, before the geometric safety tolerances are reached. This work is intended not only to propose a planning method but also to present to the scientific and technical communities a novel approach to be explored and developed in future research. The obtained results, therefore, do more than confirm quantitatively the relevance of this analysis; they also demonstrate qualitatively how promising the development of this thematic field is. In this regard, this work also presents in its conclusions some research opportunities to be explored for the development of this theme. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-02 Full Text: PDF

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