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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February" : 17 Documents clear
Impact of the Skill Shortage on the Construction Supply Chain Performance in Australia Ming Juan Ding; Ferry Jie; Sommala Sisombat; Bala S. Bandlamudi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-08

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the skill shortage impacts the performance of the construction supply chain in Australia. The study has adopted a quantitative research method. The quantitative data were collected by conducting a survey of employees who work in construction companies in Australia. A regression analysis was used to analyze the data from 113 respondents. The findings of the study reveal that the construction sector in Australia has high labour costs, but workers are still thinking they are not getting paid enough and cannot invest more in themselves to improve their skills. There is a lack of academic and vocational training programs offered to them. Insufficient recruitment and incentive policies are also main barriers to attract talents to the construction industry in Australia. The situation became more serious during the COVID-19 period due to the lockdowns, lack of skilled migrants, and Government working visa policies. The study implies that firms should have a deeper understanding of the reasons for the skill shortage. Firms also need to devise strategies for hiring the right talent. Further, it was found that quality talent can come from the local or foreign markets. More effective selection criteria should be designed so that the best-fit approach can be implemented. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-08 Full Text: PDF
Comparison of Methods for Computing Highly Accurate Daily GNSS Positions Sergey Kuzikov; D. V. Kenigsberg; Yuliya Salamatina; O. A. Prokhorov
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-04

Abstract

In Central Asia, the level of geodynamic displacements of the Earth's crust does not significantly exceed the accuracy of their measurement methods. Therefore, we need to choose the most accurate methods of calculating coordinates for cosmogeodetic stations. In this work, based on the data of 8 days of GPS measurements at 10 stations, 7 sets of average daily geocentric XYZ coordinates were calculated using different methods. To determine the positions, we used 3 calculation methods in the GAMIT/GLOBK program, 2 methods in the Bernese GNSS software, and 2 web services. To estimate the differences between 7 coordinate sets, we used parameters based on the Euclidean distance between these coordinate samples. The difference analysis of all pair combinations for 7 coordinate sets was carried out by 3D radius vectors, individual coordinate axes, and individual observation stations. The calculations showed that the positioning accuracy and precision depended not only on the coordinate calculation method but also on the selected reference frame. Methods using the international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) provide station positions with regular deviations of <2 mm and individual deviations up to 5 cm. Methods using the regional and "point" reference frames have regular discrepancies for individual coordinates up to 2 cm and maximum deviations up to 1 m. Converting XYZ coordinates to UVW with the local reference frame reduces the difference between UVW sets by at least 25%. Due to the spatial orientation relative to the studied stations, the X (U) coordinate is reproduced 2-3 times with smaller deviations than other coordinates. The average deviation level of coordinate sets can be an indicator of the quality of conditions for receiving a GNSS signal at one station. We have identified the station group that has a coordinate deviation level several times lower than other stations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-04 Full Text: PDF
Development of Eco-friendly Self-compacting Concrete Using Fly Ash and Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Fiber Slamet Widodo; Rifki Alfirahma; Alamsyah Prawiranegara; M Fajar Amir; Aniswara Dewi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-014

Abstract

This study aims to utilize fly ash and waste PET bottles for producing more sustainable self-compacting concrete (SCC) with better mechanical strength. Fly ash is utilized as a supplementary cement material and waste PET bottles as fiber reinforcement to improve its flexural strength and achieve the targeted compressive strength. The experimental works were conducted on eight variations using 80 specimens, divided into two main groups of partial cement replacement using 0% and 15% fly ash by weight. The two variants are added with PET fiber based on the volume fractions of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. Fresh concrete was tested using the slump flow method (T50) and the Visual Stability Index (VSI) based on ASTM 1611. The hardened concrete tests are conducted after 56 days and include testing the concrete's compressive strength, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Test results showed that the presence of PET fiber in the SCC mix decreased its flowability. However, when added up to 0.75%, the mixes still meet the flowability requirements of fresh-state SCC. PET fiber addition tends to reduce the compressive strength, whereas the reduction in compressive strength of SCC with PET fiber without fly ash is insignificant. However, in SCC that uses fly ash, the addition of PET fiber causes a significant decrease in its compressive strength. Adding PET fiber into SCC mixes can increase flexural strength, both for the two variants: SCC without fly ash and SCC with fly ash. It can be concluded that PET waste fiber with an aspect ratio of 40 can be added up to 0.5% for SCC without fly ash and up to 0.25% by volume fraction for SCC with fly ash addition. The ultrasonic pulse velocity test results have an excellent tendency to predict the concrete's compressive and flexural strengths. Therefore, the UPV test can be applied for the non-destructive test evaluation of PET fiber-reinforced SCC. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-014 Full Text: PDF
Selecting the Safety and Cost Optimized Geo-Stabilization Technique for Soft Clay Slopes Kennedy C. Onyelowe; Ahmed M. Ebid; Hisham A. Mahdi; Jair A. Baldovino
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-015

Abstract

Slope failure poses a serious threat to the built environment as it is currently one of the fundamental contributors to climate change fears across the world, and this threatens the environmental goals of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) for the year 2050. In this research paper, an optimized geo-stabilization numerical model has been developed with a Plaxis 2D code under safety and cost optimization considerations for a 37 m high slope embankment located on a soft clay watershed with an infinite extension. The site was prepared with four monitoring wells installed at 2.5 m, 7.5 m, 12.5 m, and 21.5 m from the foot of the slope to measure the water level conditions, and samples were collected and tested in the laboratory to determine the hydraulic and shear strength and modulus of the soil. Seven (7) different simulation alternatives were considered in terms of the model solutions to be deployed under dry and wet states, which were slope steep (angle) reduction (Alt-1), dewatering (Alt-2), jet grouting (Alt-3), jet grouting/dewatering (Alt-4), slope reduction/jet grouting (Alt-5), slope reduction/dewatering (Alt-6), and slope reduction/jet grouting/dewatering (Alt-7). The finite element model implementation of the alternatives showed that Alt-2, Alt-3, and Alt-4 had FOS of less than 1.5 and were omitted because their stability considerations did not meet the requirements for the normal operating conditions of a slope and also the short-term and long-term stability conditions according to the literature. Alternatives 1, 5, 6, and 7 with FOS above 1.5 were selected for further optimization considerations. Economic and sustainability factors were selected and considered based on the cost in line with current average market prices, constructability, reliability, and the environmental impact needed to achieve the required earthwork, jet grouting, dewatering, and selected combinations. Finally, the Alt-1 (FOS = 1.505), though not the cheapest, was selected as the optimal choice in terms of reliability, constructability, and environmental impact. However, Alt-6 (FOS = 1.520) and Alt-7 (FOS = 1.508) are the most economical but ranked low in reliability and environmental impact considerations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-015 Full Text: PDF
Assessment of Dynamic Effects of Wave Loads in Fatigue Analysis for Fixed Steel Offshore Structures Dinh Quang Cuong; Bui The Anh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-016

Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm and develops a formula to evaluate the dynamic effect of wave loading on fixed steel offshore structures (jacket structures) through the fatigue damage ratio. Applying the algorithm and formula proposed in this paper to evaluate the dynamic effect of wave loads in fatigue analysis for 03 Jacket structures built at increasing water depth under one specific marine condition and provide specific recommendations on the limits of application of quasi-static and dynamic methods in the fatigue analysis of the jacket structures. This research is really necessary because currently, the current standards (API, DnV) only stop at evaluating the dynamic effects of wave loads acting on the Jacket structure in the strength analysis. These standards propose a limit for quasi-static or dynamic analysis based on the "3.0 s or 2.5 s rule" (use the quasi-static method when Tmax≤ 3.0 s or ≤ 2.5 s), and it is advised that they only apply to waters within the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. This paper has demonstrated that it is not appropriate to use the specified standards for the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico to select the method of fatigue analysis of the jacket structure in marine conditions outside the study area of the standard. Hoped that this paper will be a reference for engineers when choosing a fatigue analysis method for jacket structures in specific marine conditions at the location where the jacket structure has been installed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-016 Full Text: PDF
Reliability Assessment of Masonry Infilled RC Frame Building’s Earthquake Performance through Accidental Torsion Consideration Dalibor Burilo; Damir Markulak; Tihomir Dokšanović; Davorin Penava
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-017

Abstract

Accidental torsional behaviour induced by horizontal loading is difficult to predict, being a complex phenomenon governed by many variables. This problem gains an additional dimension of complexity when nonlinear responses with imperfections need to be considered. Therefore, evaluation and understanding the influence of accidental torsion are fundamental in seismic reliability estimation. This study offers vital insights based on the results of a 1/2.5 scale three-story masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame building’s test on a shaking table. The building was tested under ten consecutive ground motions with increasing ag/g, recorded at Herzeg Novi station during the 1979-M6.9 Montenegro earthquake. The accidental eccentricity, considered a random variable, resulted from unsymmetrical masonry infill wall damage in an otherwise regular building. Its effect, in relation to that of other random (design) variables, was evaluated utilising weight factors and, in addition, assessed through various building code provisions and state-of-the-art research findings. The analysis revealed that the accidental eccentricity, as compared to other random variables considered, could, under certain conditions, reach values higher than those prescribed by the building codes. This unacceptable seismic reliability clearly warns that accidental torsion of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames in in-situ conditions must be considered even in regular buildings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-017 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Semi-empirical Methods Fatima Ezzahraa Latifi; Khadija Baba; Ghizlan Ardouz; Latifa EL Bouanani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-013

Abstract

The phenomenon of soil liquefaction can be an induced effect of earthquake shaking where the saturated soil loses some or all of its bearing capacity and stiffness. Likewise, the increase of water pressure in the soil pores under the seismic wave causes a decrease of the shear strength. As a result, the soil becomes liquefied and susceptible to producing permanent deformations. The phenomenon of liquefaction is generally unpredictable, and neglecting it can influence the stability of structures and infrastructure foundations. Since the 1964 Alaska and Niigata earthquakes, more research works have been conducted to assess land liquefaction vulnerability. This study is undertaken in this field, whose objective, on the one hand, is to signal the phenomenon of liquefaction in the north of Morocco as a geo-technical part known for its instability and, on the other hand, to study the semi-empirical methods to adequately evaluate the liquefaction potential while specifying the most appropriate method for our case study. Similarly, the study is based on data derived from experimental results of in-situ tests applied to the embankment crossing the valley of "Oued Gharifa" on a high-speed rail line section from KP 228+400 to KP 229+375. Moreover, this research aims to show and discuss the evaluation of liquefaction potential of the experimental results of the CPT (cone penetration test) using three semi-empirical methods, namely the Juang method, the Olsen method, and the Robertson method. In doing so, we are going to compare the application results of the three semi-empirical methods in light of evaluating the liquefaction likelihood of the studied area, taking into account the nature of the soil, the variation of the safety coefficient, and the liquefaction potential for each method as well. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-013 Full Text: PDF

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