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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June" : 17 Documents clear
The Influence of Climatic Aging on the Performance of Wood-Based Panels Ekaterina Pakhomova; Sergey Emelyanov; Viktor Yartsev; Vladislav Danilov; Pavel Monastyrev
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-015

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to experimentally determine the climatic effects on the performance of wood-based panels using the methodology developed on the basis of the thermo-fluctuation concept of material aging. This methodology makes it possible to determine the durability of the material by taking into account the simultaneous action of temperature, time, and mechanical stress, as well as additional external influences. The experiments were conducted on particleboard, fiberboard, and plywood. The following climatic effects were studied experimentally in specialized laboratory facilities: high humidity, thermal aging, and UV-irradiation. As the evaluation indicators of the performance characteristics of wood boards were selected, water absorption, swelling rate, thermal expansion, penetration strength, and bending strength. From a theoretical point of view, the value of this work lies in demonstrating a methodology for determining the performance characteristics of particleboard, fiberboard, and plywood, which is highly accurate by considering these characteristics together rather than separately. From a practical point of view, this paper contains experimental results that allow us to judge the characteristics of the wood boards. It has been proven that exposure to UV rays and heat aging causes the binder between the filler particles to break down, and moisture is detrimental to the filler. The thermo-fluctuational constants obtained in the course of the study make it possible to predict the durability of the materials in question over a large range of operating parameters. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-015 Full Text: PDF
Production Economical Reinforced Concrete Slabs using Eco-Friendly Material Mustafa S. Shubber; Thaer J. Mohammed; Khalid M. Breesem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-010

Abstract

Concrete is a material that is strong in compression but weak in tension. To overcome this issue, reinforcement must be used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete. However, it is acknowledged that steel has its drawbacks, such as the fact that it has a high cost and corrosion potential, and the rebar is heavy, non-renewable, and non-environmentally friendly. Thus, this experimental study investigates the potential product of economical reinforced concrete slabs using eco-friendly materials. Firstly, to enhance the concrete properties, a compressive, tensile, and flexural test, also a concrete with the addition of polypropylene fiber outlasted the control mix design in terms of strength and durability. The results included the control mix (CM), F1 0.25%, F2 0.50%, F3 0.75%, and F4 1%. The specimen with the highest compression and tensile strength was 24.28 MPa and 3.15 MPa, respectively, for the F1 specimen with 0.25% short fibers. Secondly, the bending test was carried out on ten slabs to check the structural behavior of these slabs reinforced with reed rods as the eco-friendly material. The good results of the bearing capacity of a partially reinforced concrete slab with a reed have been obtained at 23.8 kN. Meanwhile, to obtain better results, this research has enhanced the behavior of the concrete slab by improving the concrete's properties by adding polypropylene synthetic microfiber to the mixed concrete. In addition, giant reeds treated with epoxy increase the bonding strength with concrete, improve tensile strength properties, and reduce the absorption of reeds. Therefore, the bearing capacity results of the reed-reinforced concrete slab became the best, which were 35.83 kN. Thus, reinforcement of one-way slabs by reed partially with appropriate diameters could be substituted to obtain good performance in the reconstruction of low-cost buildings. As a result, economical reinforced concrete slabs have been produced using eco-friendly materials. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-010 Full Text: PDF
River Mobile Armor Layer Induced by Flood Arlendenovega S. Negara; Cahyono Ikhsan; RR. Rintis Hadiani; Yusep M. Purwana
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-05

Abstract

The armored layer is crucial for protecting the riverbed. The bed layer of the river is a movable material that protects the material below the surface layer. This study aimed to develop formulas to estimate the thickness of a mobile armor layer with noncohesive materials and establish a correlation between the flow velocity and shear stress under conditions of erosion and sedimentation. The research methods included field measurements, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations. The primary data included grain size gradation profiles, river topography, and flood discharge. The results demonstrated consistency in the behavior of the riverbed under various flood discharge conditions. The fundamental variables affecting the mobile armor thickness included the gradation coefficient (sv) and the dimensionless shear stress (t0/tc). The fundamental novelty of this study is the derivation of the mobile armor layer thickness, which is influenced by grain size and shear stress. The present findings significantly contribute to the design of more efficient and environmentally friendly riverbed protection rather than rigid structures. These results indicated that erosion and sedimentation were primarily influenced by the flow velocity and the applied shear stress above the riverbed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-05 Full Text: PDF
Soil Reinforcement Model Test Using Timber Pile at Liquefaction Area . Suyadi; Tri Harianto; A. Bakri Muhiddin; Ardy Arsyad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-016

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country threatened by many disasters, such as earthquakes and other collateral hazards (liquefaction). Utilization of micro pile on the liquefaction prone areas is quite popular to increase the soil bearing capacity. In this research, Eucalyptus Pellita Timber was used as micro-piles alternatives. This study aims to determine the effect of timber pile addition on soil settlement and the increase in bearing capacity. Some laboratory investigations were conducted, such as timber and soil physical and mechanical characteristics, preloading tests, and seismic load tests by using small-scale shaking table test. The preloading tests were carried out for 40 days, and the settlements were recorded every 24 hours. Subsequently, seismic load tests were conducted on sandy soil with Dr = 40%. The seismic duration was 37 seconds, with PGA = 0.3 g and f = 0.78 Hz. The preloading test results show that Eucalyptus pellita timber piles are able to reduce the settlement by 18%. and from seismic load testing results are able to reduce the settlement by 68% due to earthquake loads with PGA = 0.3g and a frequency of 0.78 Hz on sandy soil with the potential for liquefaction. This is due to the resistance at the tip of the pile and the skin friction on the timber pile. So, from the results of the model test, it shows that the use of Eucalyptus Pelita timber piles can be used as an alternative to handling sandy soils in areas where liquefaction has the potential to occur. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-016 Full Text: PDF
Performance of Isolated Footing with Several Corrosion Levels under Axial Loading Ahmed Youssef; Mahmoud Hegazy; Hatem Mostafa
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-011

Abstract

This research aims to illustrate the corrosion process and its effect on the deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) isolated footings using a small-scale model (1/8) and present the results of a prototype-scale study using a numerical model with different concrete depths and corrosion levels under axial load. The experimental program consisted of testing five small-scale (1/8) model RC isolated footings under axial loading after subjecting them to accelerated corrosion tests with a constant current. The main variable in the small-scale sample test was the corrosion level. This study presents an experimental approach, using the constant current method and the finite element method (FEM) with the ABAQUS package, to examine its effect on the axial load behavior under different corrosion ratios, which were 0%, 4.21%, 9.11%, 24.56%, and 30.67%. On the prototype scale, the variables were the corrosion level and the RC depths of 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm. The results indicated that the average deviation in ultimate load between the experimental and FEM outcomes for the small-scale was below 5.6%, while the average deflection deviation was 6.8%. Also, the study found that an increase in the depth of the RC footing and corrosion ratio led to a more pronounced impact of the cracking pattern in the concrete and corroded bars, as well as a greater difference in the failure load. The experimental results suggest that the proposed numerical model is accurate and effective. These findings have important implications for the evaluation of isolated footings affected by corrosion damage using FEM, and can help inform decisions related to their design and maintenance. The failure loads of non-corroded footings with different depths were compared with the ECP-203 provisions of the 2018 Egyptian Code, and how corrosion ratios can be simulated by numerical models. The percentage variation between the design loads by code and the numerical loads by ABAQUS for controlled footings with thicknesses of 300, 400, and 500 mm was found to be 73%, 80%, and 78%, respectively. Using the derived relationship, the equivalent corrosion ratio percentages were 23.8%, 20.2%, and 32%, respectively. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-011 Full Text: PDF
Optimal Bracing Type of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Soil-Structure Interaction Taken into Consideration Yassine Razzouk; Mohamed Ahatri; Khadija Baba; Ahlam El Majid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-06

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings. An advanced numerical model for SSI was developed and verified using ABAQUS software. The seismic response of a 12-story building on four types of soil (rock, dense soil, stiff soil, and soft soil) was examined using a Normalized Response Spectra based on the Moroccan paraseismic regulation RPS 2011. The global lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and period were compared for two types of bracing (column and shear wall). The results show that SSI has a significant impact on the seismic behavior of buildings, and the seismic responses of soil-structure systems with column and shear wall bracing are quite different. The research contributions of this paper include developing an advanced numerical model for SSI, examining the impact of SSI on the choice of bracing for reinforced concrete buildings, and providing guidance on the most reliable bracing method for structures of various heights and soil types. The study's findings have important implications for seismic design and can help improve the safety and reliability of buildings in earthquake-prone regions. The study also highlights the importance of considering SSI in seismic design and the need for guidelines that describe the bracing systems to be used based on the structure's height and type of soil. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-06 Full Text: PDF
Impact Stiffness of Linear Viscoelastic Model for Seismic Pounding Simulation: An Experimental Evaluation Yazan Jaradat; Harry Far
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-01

Abstract

Pounding between adjacent structures occurs when the separating distance within the two buildings is inadequate to contain the movement between them during an earthquake event. Seismic pounding can lead to significant harm or even the destruction of neighbouring structures. In creating a model for structural response, impact stiffness is considered as a critical factor in calculating the impact force throughout the collision within adjacent structures. It is important to derive realistic stiffness values when performing a numerical simulation of pounding forces within abutting structures to attain valid results. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact stiffness within the linear viscoelastic contact model, using data obtained from shaking table experiments of pounding between neighboring five-storey and 15-storey single-bay model of steel-frame. The steel models were subjected to scaled ground acceleration records, two far-field and two near-field. The study’s findings indicate that there is a significant discrepancy between the theoretical impact parameters and the measured experimental value because the assumptions made to derive the theoretical formulas do not align with the actual impact conditions. The accuracy and precision of the experimental formula adopted in this study have been validated in comparison with the numerical results. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-01 Full Text: PDF
Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water using Leachate Modular Tower Frank Aneke; Joy Adu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-017

Abstract

The heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids such as Cr(VI), As(Ill), and Pb(II) in contaminated water are toxic even at trace levels and have caused devastating negative health impacts on human beings. Hence, the effective adsorption of these heavy metals from contaminated water is important to protect biodiversity, hydrosphere ecosystems, and human beings. In this study, a leachate modular tower (LMT) was developed for the singular purpose of adsorbing HMs. The LMT contained nano-slag as a liner, which was synthesized from slag. The nano-slag was blended in different proportions of 90:10; 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 to the combined mass of clay and nano-slag, to evaluate the most efficient ratio of the blends capable of adsorbing HMs and metalloids with 100% efficiency. A series of leachate tests were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of LMT with different embedded liners. Attenuation periods of 2, 5, 7, and 10 days with a temperature of 500 °C were also selected to improve the sorption rate and uptake of HMs. Subsequently, the effluents were subjected to inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) tests to evaluate the concentrations and percentages of adsorbed HMs, which were calculated using a pseudo-first-order adsorption model. The results revealed that the removal of 98%As, 99%Cd, and 99.9% Pb was achieved with a 50%:50% ratio of soil and nano-slag as the liner at 10 days equilibrium period. Furthermore, 98%Zn, 95.45%Cu, 93.3%Fe, 97%Ni, and 89% Hg were achieved upon further investigation using the same dosage of soil and nano-slag and equilibrium conditions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests demonstrated that some traces of the absorbed HMs and metalloids were found on the liner surfaces, indicating significant changes in microstructure. The results indicated the sorption rate increased significantly due to the elevated temperature, aluminosilicate structure, and prolonged attenuation period, which are also associated with an elevated pH level and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC), of the liner. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-017 Full Text: PDF
Assessment of Fly Ash-Rice Straw Ash-Laterite Soil Based Geopolymer Mortar Durability Parea R. Rangan; M. Tumpu; . Mansyur; D. S. Mabui
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-012

Abstract

Geopolymer is an inorganic form of alumina-silica that is synthesized through materials containing lots of silica (Si) and alumina (Al) originating from nature or from industrial by-products. The geopolymer binder is a two-component inorganic system consisting of solid components that have sufficient amounts of SiO2 and Al2O3 to form compounds such as fly ash, rice straw ash, pozzolan, laterite soil, slag, etc. This study aims to analyze the compressive strength, chemical compositions, and geopolymerization process of geopolymers produced from fly ash, rice straw ash, and lateritic soil bound with an alkaline activator, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), with a concentration of 12 M. The durability of the geopolymer mortar was determined by soaking for 3, 7, and 28 days using water curing and sulphate curing (Sodium Sulphate, Na2SO4, and Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4). The results showed that sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can release silica and alumina in the amorphous phase and can be used as a binder for geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash, and laterite soil without using oven heat, according to compressive strength, chemical compositions, and the geopolymerization process. The results of this study can be used to support the use of waste materials (fly ash and laterite soil) and local materials (straw ash) as geopolymer mortar-forming materials. Furthermore, it can aid in the development of eco-friendly (environmentally friendly) national infrastructure by eliminating the need for oven heat to initiate the polymerization reaction. However, this research can also be developed to increase the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar, which resembles that of conventional concrete in general. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-012 Full Text: PDF
Behavior of Centrifuged GFRP Poles Under Lateral Deflection Youssef A. Awad; Ahmed M. EL-Fiky; Hosam M. Elhegazy; Mahmoud G. Hasan; Ibrahim A. Yousef; Ahmed M. Ebid; Mohamed A. Khalaf
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-07

Abstract

Centrifugal-manufactured GFRP pipes are widely used today as lighting and low-power transmission poles due to their lightweight, high electrical insulation, low cost, and corrosion resistance. Despite these advantages, GFRP poles suffer high deflection problems due to their low elastic and shear moduli values. In order to overcome this disadvantage, three techniques were suggested to control the lateral deflection of the GFRP poles: an extended internal steel stub, external steel angles, and internal steel bracing bars. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum strengthening technique to improve the serviceability of GFRP poles in terms of lateral deflection according to ASTM D4923. An experimental research program containing five full-scale GFRP poles was carried out to determine the optimum strengthening technique and the effect of connectors opening near the base and compare it to previous research. The results indicated that flexural stiffness was increased by 44%, 66%, and 38% for the extended stub, steel angles, and bracing bars, respectively. Besides that, the reduction in flexural stiffness due to connector opening was about 8%. The measured deflections showed good matching with simplified mathematical calculations, and the division was about ±10%. The external steel angle technique showed the best efficiency in Stiffness behavior. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-07 Full Text: PDF

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