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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 25 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 4 (2018)" : 25 Documents clear

Combination of Ozonation and Adsorption Using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) for Tofu Industry Wastewater Treatment Eva Fathul Karamah; Ika Putri Adripratiwi; Linggar Anindita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Tofu industry wastewater is one of the environmental pollutants that need more effective treatment. Ozonation and adsorption method is known to have the capability to oxidize organic compound in wastewater. Adsorption is done by using granular activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorbent to increase tofu wastewater degradation process by adsorbing organic materials and increasing production of hydroxyl radical as the main oxidizing agent. This research is carried out to evaluate the performance of ozonation, adsorption, and combination of both in processing tofu wastewater. To evaluate the significance of ozone dosage and amount of GAC used, these variations are varied which are 60, 111, and 155 mg/h of ozone dosage and 50, 75, and 100 g of the amount of GAC used. Parameters of the process are organic substances of tofu wastewater such as COD, TSS, and pH. The measurements are being done using a spectrophotometer, colorimeter, and pH meter. The outcome of this research is to provide an alternative method in the liquid waste treatment of the tofu industry and the processed wastewater to meet the environmental quality standards. The more ozone and the more quantity of GAC used, the higher the quantity of hydroxyl radicals formed. Addition of GAC in the ozonation process results in more than 100% increase in hydroxyl radical production. Combination of ozonation and adsorption is able to remove 377.12 mg/L of COD and 26 mg/L of TSS.

Effect of Soaking Treatment on Anthocyanin, Flavonoid, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Dioscorea alata Flour Ratnaningsih Ratnaningsih; Nur Richana; Sakae Suzuki; Yoshiharu Fujii
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Purple Dioscorea alata is one kind of tuber crops that rich in polyphenolic compounds. In Indonesia, the utilization of this yam is still very limited because it is easily damaged on the fresh form. Due to its high perishability, then the fresh tuber have to be processed into dried materials to expand its utilization. This study investigated the effect of browning inhibition treatments (immersion in water, Na-bisulfite, and ascorbic acid) on moisture, color, anthocyanin, flavonoid and phenolic content, and determined the antioxidant activities of D. alata flour. The moisture content of D. alata flour ranged between 6.89 to 7.71% db, which still in the range of wheat flour moisture content standards using Codex Standard. Browning inhibition treatment improved the color appearances and provided better values on anthocyanin, phenolic, and flavonoid content of D. alata flour. The color and antioxidant activities of D. alata flour were significantly correlated with its functional properties.

Density-Functional-Theory Calculations of Formation Energy of the Nitrogen-Doped Diamond Sholihun Sholihun; Hana Pratiwi Kadarisman; Pekik Nurwantoro
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The geometry optimization of the nitrogen-doped diamond has been carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We model the defective diamond of substitutional and interstitial nitrogen atoms by using a simple-cubic supercell. Atoms in the supercell are relaxed by allowing them to move so that the atomic forces are less than 5.0 × 10-3 eV/Å. We calculate the formation energy for substitutional and interstitial sites. We find that the formation energy for the substitutional defect is10.89 eV. We check the convergence of the calculation with respect to the k×k×k - Monkhorst-Pack grids. We show that the energy difference between k = 4 and 6 is very small (7.0 meV). We also check the calculations by using a 216-sites supercell and find that the energy difference is 0.10 eV. Thus, the calculations of the formation energy converge well. As for the interstitial defect, we model some possible configurations and find that the smallest formation energy is 21.88 eV. Therefore, the most stable configuration of the nitrogen-doped diamond belongs to the substitutional site.

Synthesis, Structural, Density Functional Theory, and X-Ray Diffraction Study of Zn(II) N-Isopropylbenzyldithiocarbamate: Anti-Corrosion Screening in Acid Media Noor Syafiqah Habdul Latif; Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali; Erna Normaya Abdullah; Azizul Hakim Lahuri; Mohammad Fadzlee Ngatiman; Nur Nadia Dzulkifli
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Corrosion of metal is a serious issue across many industries and is considered costly. Acids used during the cleaning process in industries may contribute to metal erosion. Dithiocarbamate is a ligand that can act as a corrosion inhibitor due to the presence of sulfur and nitrogen as electronegative atoms. Zn(II) N-isopropylbenzyldithiocarbamate (Zn[N-isopbenzdtc]2) complex was synthesized through direct synthetic method of < 4 °C and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography study, molar conductivity, melting point, and gravimetric analysis. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel was studied for different corrosive media (1 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4). The synthesized inhibitor was studied at different concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM at 40 °C. As a conclusion, as the inhibitor concentration decreased, the efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor also decreased at a constant temperature. In this study, it showed that the corrosion activity of mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 was higher compared to 1 M HCl due to the higher concentration of H+, which makes H2SO4 more corrosive than HCl.

Determination of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves Using near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis Yohanes Martono; Suryasatriya Trihandaru; Ferdy Semuel Rondonuwu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Rebaudioside A and stevioside are abundant steviol glycoside contained in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. These components are widely used as a natural sweetener. The objective of this study was to develop rapid determination method of stevioside, and rebaudioside A in S. rebaudiana leaves using near infrared trans-reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multivariate analysis. The reference method used was HPLC. A prediction model was developed using partial least square (PLS) regression. Calibration parameters were calculated based on a calibration set of various stevioside, rebaudioside A from 23 samples. Performance of PLS model was assessed in term of optimum determination coefficient (R2), and minimum root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEV). Validation of PLS model was performed using cross-validation and leave one out calibration of PLS component. Rebaudioside A has well PLS model in wavenumber region of 4100–5100 cm-1, and stevioside determination using difference wavenumber region of 4760-5016 cm-1. PLS model for total (sum of stevioside and rebaudioside A content) was exploited in wavenumber region of 4568-4928 cm-1. NIRS in combination with multivariate data analysis of PLSR can be applied as a rapid method for determining rebaudioside A and the total amount of steviol glycosides in S. rebaudiana leaves.

Effect of Reducing Agents on Physical and Chemical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Roto Roto; Hani Prima Rasydta; Adhitasari Suratman; Nurul Hidayat Aprilita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silver nanoparticles having uniform size and shape, a diameter range of 10–50 nm, excellent stability, and high zeta potential are always desirable for many applications. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method using some reducing agents in a polyvinyl alcohol solution. This study aims at determining the effect of reducing agents on the chemical and physical properties of silver nanoparticles. Ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, hydrazine, sodium citrate, and glucose were used as reducing agents. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorbance, morphology, zeta potential, crystal system, and stability of the products were studied. The results showed that the chemical and physical properties of the colloidal Ag nanoparticles were dependent on the reducing agents. In general, the produced silver nanoparticles have an fcc crystal system with a unit cell of 4.0906–4.0992 Å. The SPR absorbance of the colloids has the peak in the range of 401–433 nm. We found that the colloid of silver nanoparticles prepared by using ascorbic acid has uniform spherical shape, the diameter of about 20 nm, and zeta potential of -10.4 mV. After being stored for one month, the SPR absorbance of the colloid decreased by only 5%. This type of colloidal Ag nanoparticles prepared by using ascorbic acid is expected to be used for chemical sensors, an antibacterial agent, and so on.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue on the Composite Sorbent Based on Bentonite-Like Clay and Hydroxyapatite Alexandr Ivanovich Vezentsev; Dang Minh Thuy; Lidia Fedotovna Goldovskaya-Peristaya; Nadezhda Alexandrovna Glukhareva
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The adsorption of methylene blue from model aqueous solutions on bentonite-like clay, hydroxyapatite, and a composite sorbent has been investigated. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption in the temperature range 298–333 К have been calculated. The process is found to obey Langmuir isotherm equation. It is spontaneous but slightly endothermic. The maximal sorption capacity of the composite sorbent toward methylene blue is 175.4 mg/g at 25 °С that is 1.3 times more than that for bentonite-like clay and 17.8 times more than that for hydroxyapatite. Kinetics of the process is due to the combination of external and internal diffusion and can be described better by the model of pseudo-second order reaction.

Integrating Treatment of Neutralization with Sulfidic Natural Water (SNW) to Capture Dissolved Copper (Cu2+) from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) at Batu Hijau Site, Sumbawa Island Indonesia Surya Hadi; Ni Made Sri Suliartini; Lely Kurniawati; Surayyal Hizmi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The overall objectives of the research were (1) to study the capability of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and sulfidic natural water (SNW) of Sebau in recovery of Cu2+, (2) to investigate the potency of integrating treatments of neutralization with sulfidization using SNW of Sebau in removing Cu2+ from acid mine drainage (AMD) collected from Batu Hijau site. The first objective was achieved by separately reacting (in situ) NaHS and SNW with a Cu2+ solution at pH 5.5. The second objective was answered by conducting treatments of lime-neutralization by the use of three levels of pH (4.0; 5.5; 7.0) and sulfidization using SNW collected from Sebau, Lombok Island at three sampling points. The result showed that NaHS (61.6 mg/L) could precipitate Cu2+ solution (44.45 mg/L) up to 71.3%, while SNW of Sebau could precipitate Cu2+ solution (44.45 mg/L) for almost 100% at pH 5.5. The results also revealed that SNW could precipitate the remained Cu2+ in the AMD from the neutralization treatment (pH 4 = 113.5 mg/L; pH 5.5 = 85.01 mg/L; and pH 7.0 = 2.372 mg/L) to 83.84% (pH = 4.0) and 100% (pH = 5.5 and 7.0). Although both pH 5.5 and 7.0 could completely precipitate Cu2+ in the AMD, by comparing the experimental result with the stoichiometric analysis, it was predicted that pH 5.5 was an optimum pH level for the reaction between AMD and SNW to recover Cu2+ in the AMD. Without neutralization treatment, SNW showed potentiality to recover Cu2+ since the combination treatments of neutralization at pH 4 with SNW collected from three sample points resulted in a high percent recovery of Cu2+.

Preparation of Cassava Bagasse Starch-Based Biodegradable Film Reinforced with Chicken Feet Gelatin, Citric Acid as Crosslinker, and Glycerol as Plasticizer Silviana Silviana; Piontek Benedictus Brandon; Bella Ayu Silawanda
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.26766

Chicken feet is one of sources used to produce biodegradable films due to inexpensive and abundant source. Chicken feet contains extracted gelatin amount of 27.61 to 33%. This biofilm was prepared from cassava bagasse starch with citric acid as cross-linker and glycerol as plasticizer. Cassava bagasse contains about 40–64% of starch. This paper observes the optimum composition of cassava bagasse starch-based biofilm preparation upon Central Composite Design with variables of gelatin, glycerol, and citric acid concentration with response of tensile strength and elongation at break. This research was executed in several steps, i.e. extraction of gelatin, extraction of cassava bagasse starch, and casting. Optimum condition of this biofilm preparation can be obtained at 12.98% w of gelatin content, 0.22% w of glycerol and 0.27% w of citric acid by releasing 21.73 MPa of tensile strength and 19.73% of elongation at break. Mass loss of biofilm with lower gelatin content gave almost the same mass loss for blank biofilm (cassava bagasse starch-based without gelatin content). Increasing of gelatin content in the biofilm, increasing of the biofilm mass loss. However, the biofilm had good thermal stability by thermal gravimetric analysis with higher temperature to obtain inorganic residue than that of blank biofilm.

Bioconversion of Palm Oil into Biosurfactant by Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 for the Application of Corrosion Inhibitor Ira Prima Sari; Muhammad Imam Basyiruddin; Rukman Hertadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Biosurfactant is environmentally friendly surfactant produced by a certain microorganism in a lipid-rich medium. A previous study has shown that Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 had the potential of a moderately halophilic bacterium in converting olive oil into biosurfactant. In the present study, the effect of changing the carbon source from olive oil into cheaper and more abundant vegetable oil, which is palm oil, for the production of the biosurfactant was evaluated. The study began by optimizing the production medium with varying the nitrogen source, the concentration of palm oil and pH. The optimum condition of biosurfactant production was observed in the medium consisted of 0.6% (w/v) of urea, 2% (v/v) of palm oil and pH 9. The resulted biosurfactant was stable at pH 7–10 and in the salt concentration of 6–15%. Biosurfactant activity in lowering air-water surface tension was measured using the Du Noüy ring method, and the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) was about 233 ppm. At this point, the surface tension of water dropped from 68.3 to 49.8 dyne/cm. Preliminary structural analysis by using FTIR technique suggested that the resulted biosurfactant has -OH, -C-H aliphatic C=C, H-C-C and C=O groups in its structure, which is similar to that of the fatty-acid type of biosurfactant. The potential of biosurfactant as a metal corrosion inhibitor was evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that measured at 30 °C. The measurement revealed that the highest inhibition level was observed at the biosurfactant concentration about 200 ppm that corresponds to the inhibition level about 53.23%.

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