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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 30 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 19, No 4 (2019)" : 30 Documents clear

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Peptide Fraction of Germinated Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Ketut Ratnayani; I Ketut Suter; Nyoman Semadi Antara; I Nengah Kencana Putra
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

During the germination process, seeds can release various types of peptides due to the degradation of storage proteins. Some of these peptides can have biological activity (bioactive peptides). The objective of this study was to determine the ACE inhibitory activity of germinated pigeon pea peptide extract at various germination times and to carry out the fractionation to the extract to get the most active peptide fraction. The results showed that the highest activity of peptide extract was found on the 4th-day germination of pigeon pea with an IC50 value of 63.46 μg/mL. The peptide extract was further fractionated by centrifugal ultrafiltration method and it was found that the peptide fraction < 3 kDa had the highest ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 57.79 μg/mL. The result of identification with the LCMS method to the fraction was able to detect 4 types of the peptide with a molecular weight of 230.304, 294.303, 441.436, and 570.591 Da. These results suggested that the peptide fraction of germinated pigeon pea has the potency as an ACE inhibitory nutraceutical.

Identification and Validation of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Various Foods Commonly Consumed in Malaysia by HPLC Chen Son Yue; Wai Lun Hong; Sheri-Ann Shu Wei Tan; Khye Er Loh; Yee Chuan Liew; Rosemary Elizabeth Yap; Zi Yi Chong; Jiong Chen Chai
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study was conducted in order to identify the presence of four synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs): propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in various food stuffs that are commonly consumed in Malaysia. The identification method was optimized and validated before it was applied to the analyses of eighty three food samples which include chewing gum, chili sauce, cereal-based snack food, noodles, potato snack, cereal breakfast, oat, biscuit, cookie, coffee, junk food, seaweed, nut, chocolate, apple juice, orange juice and blackcurrant juice. Twenty nine food samples contained SPAs either singly or in combination. The chromatography conditions such as elution method, flow rate and wavelength were optimized. Good linearity ranges (1–300 mgL–1) were found for all the four phenolic antioxidants. RSD for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.15–0.84% for both precision analyses. LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.02–0.67 and 0.06–2.03 mgL–1, respectively. Recoveries of the four SPAs ranged from 80.4 to 119.0% when selected food items spiked at 10, 50, and 100 mgL–1.

Synthesis and Application of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Nanocomposite as Photocatalyst in CO2 Indirect Reduction to Produce Methanol Yudha Ramanda; Nuryono Nuryono; Eko Sri Kunarti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study focuses on the synthesis and application of a Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite as a photocatalyst in CO2 indirect reduction. The synthesis was started by preparation of magnetite (Fe3O4) followed by silica (SiO2) coating and titania (TiO2) deposition. Magnetite was prepared by the sono-coprecipitation method, then the coating of SiO2 and deposition of TiO2 were performed by the sol-gel method under ultrasonic irradiation. All the material products were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The final material product was also analyzed by a specular reflectance UV-Visible spectrometer (SR-UV-Vis) and the turbidimetry method. The product of the indirect reduction was analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The XRD diffractograms and FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Fe3O4, SiO2, and the anatase phase of TiO2. The TEM images revealed the presence of a core-shell nanocomposite with an average diameter of 19.22 ± 1.25 nm. The SR-UV-Vis spectrum was used to determine the band gap energy of the photocatalyst, with the result being 3.22 eV. Turbidimetry aimed to measure the magnetic recoverability of the final material, and the result was that it had better recoverability compared to a non-magnetic photocatalyst composite. The GC chromatogram of the indirect reduction product indicated four majorfractions; the MS spectra showed these to be methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, and CO2. The GC-MS results revealed that CO2 indirect reduction achieved 73.91% conversion of CO2 and 55.01% selective to methanol.

Preparation of Char-Fe3O4 Composites from Polyvinyl Chloride with Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal-Pyrolysis Carbonization Methods as Co(II) Adsorbents Muslem Muslem; Agus Kuncaka; Taffrika Nur Himah; Roto Roto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Char-Fe3O4 Composites have been synthetized through hydrothermal carbonization method and through hydrothermal-pyrolysis carbonization method by using polyvinylchloride as a carbon source. The products were characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX, and TEM. The products were tested for Co(II) adsorption in water. The ability of Co(II) adsorption was studied for adsorption in different pH of the solution and its adsorption isotherm. Results showed that all products had similar hydrophilic functional groups and aliphatic carbon types. Char-Fe3O4 Composites produced by hydrothermal carbonization method (AFe-H) has more hydrophilic functional groups (C=O and –OH) than Char-Fe3O4 Composites produced by hydrothermal-pyrolysis carbonization method (AFe-P). Iron content was presented and distributed in the form of Fe3O4. Co(II) ion uptakes increased at the basic condition for all of the char-Fe3O4 Composites which were used as adsorbents. High hydrophilic functional groups in hydrothermal product composites (AFe-H) was the key factor contributing to the high adsorption ability with electrostatic interaction to the metal ion. AFe-H had the best Co(II) adsorption ability following the Langmuir isotherm model with its maximum adsorption capacity to be 0.556 mg g–1.

Synthesis of 131I Labeled Quercetin through Oxidation Method Using Chloramine-T for Cancer Radiopharmaceuticals Maula Eka Sriyani; Dian Ayu Utami; Mega Susilo Dwike; Eva Maria Widyasari; Muharram Marzuki; Rizky Juwita Sugiharti; Witri Nuraeni
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quercetin is one of the flavonoid groups with antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to achieve the labeled compound of 131I-quercetin as a radiotracer for diagnosis and cancer therapy with high labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity. The labeling procedure was conducted by the oxidation reaction using chloramine-T. The effect of pH, reaction time, amount of oxidizing agent and ligand were evaluated in this research. Quercetin was successfully labeled with iodine-131 at pH 11 at room temperature for 10 min mixed in 1000 rpm with the amount of quercetin and chloramine-T is 0.4 and 0.3 mg, respectively. The results demonstrated that the ratio of quercetin/Na131I was 2 × 105. The 131I-quercetin labeling efficiency was 92.03 ± 2.20%, and radiochemical purity of 131I-quercetin was 99.34 ± 0.58%. The results showed that 131I-quercetin could be a radiotracer candidate for diagnosis and cancer therapy.

Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Nurul Atikah Amin Yusof; Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir; Siti Efliza Ashari; Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi; Rossuriati Dol Hamid
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

Succinylated Bacterial Cellulose Induce Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Deposition in a Solution Mimicking Body Fluid Farah Nurlidar; Mime Kobayashi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Incorporation of bone-like hydroxyapatite into bacterial cellulose (BC) is an attractive approach for the fabrication of a bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. This study investigates the influence of the succinylation of BC on its ability to incorporate bone-like hydroxyapatite. A biomimetic process using a 1.5 × Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) was used to deposit the hydroxyapatite into the succinylated-BC. After soaking the succinylated-BC in the 1.5 × SBF for six days, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were taken and the composition of the succinylated-BC was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was tested in vitro using rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (rBMSCs). The SEM images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that carbonated hydroxyapatite was deposited on the succinylated-BC. In contrast, only a small amount of carbonated hydroxyapatite deposition was observed on unmodified BC, indicating that the succinyl group in the BC is effective for inducing hydroxyapatite deposition. In vitro studies using rBMSCs revealed the biocompatibility of the scaffold. Combining with the ability of the cells to differentiate into bone cells, the succinylated-BC scaffold is a promising 3D scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.

Separation Factor of Y/Dy Emulsion on Membrane Process Using Nitric Acid and D2EHPA Solvent Kris Tri Basuki; Niken Siwi Pamungkas
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Liquid extraction of Y that containing Dy using bis-2-Ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractant has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum parameter in a separation process that uses membrane emulsion. As the aqueous phase, a mixed solution of Y2O3 and Gd2O3 containing Y 10 g/L and Gd 250 mg/L was used. D2EHPA as extractant or organic phase with a variety of concentration was diluted with kerosene. Emulsifier Span-80 was used to make an emulsion of membrane liquid. The internal phase of the liquid membrane used 0.20–0.50 M nitric acid, and the external phase used 1–5 M nitric acid. The studied parameters were extractant concentration, stirring speed, stirring time, and the ratio of the internal and external phase. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used for the analysis of Y and Dy. The analysis of Y and Dy used the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The optimization results of the extraction process of Y with emulsion membrane using D2EHPA extractants obtained the following conclusions: the optimum stirring rate was 8500 rpm, the D2EHPA concentration was 4.5% in kerosene, the internal concentration was 0.45 M nitric acid, the external concentration was 4 M nitric acid, the stirring time was 10 min that fixed stirring rate was 500 rpm, and the ratio of internal and external phase was 1:1. This conditions acquired a separation factor (SF) Y-Gd of 7.57.

Adsorption of Cadmium(II) Using Ca/Al Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Keggin Ion Tarmizi Taher; Yunita Irianty; Risfidian Mohadi; Muhammad Said; Roy Andreas; Aldes Lesbani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Ca/Al layered double hydroxides (Ca/Al LDH) was synthesized using co-precipitation method following calcination at 800 °C and was intercalated with Keggin ion [α-SiW12O40]4– to form intercalated Ca/Al LDH. Materials were characterized using XRD and FTIR spectrophotometer. Furthermore, materials were used as an adsorbent of cadmium(II) from solution. The results showed that layer material was formed completely after calcination which was indicated at diffraction 20° due to loss of water in the interlayer space. Ca/Al LDH after calcination was intercalated with [α-SiW12O40]4– ion and interlayer distance was increased from 4.25 to 4.41 Å showed that intercalation process was successfully conducted. Adsorption of cadmium(II) using Ca/Al LDH was conducted at pH 9 and intercalated Ca/Al LDH at pH 8 showed that intercalated material has slightly faster than Ca/Al LDH without intercalation probably due to slightly increasing interlayer distance of Ca/Al LDH after intercalation. The adsorption capacity of intercalated Ca/Al LDH was higher than Ca/Al LDH without intercalation at the temperature range of 30–50 °C.

Effect of Temperature, Time and Diimide/Rubber Ratio on the Hydrogenation of Liquid Natural Rubber by Response Surface Methodology Mohamad Shahrul Fizree Idris; Nur Hanis Adila Azhar; Fazira Firdaus; Siti Efliza Ashari; Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydrogenated liquid natural rubber (HLNR) was synthesized from liquid natural rubber (LNR) by thermolysis of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH). The HLNR structure was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the HLNR had higher decomposition temperature compared to LNR. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with five-level-three-factors was used to optimize the main important reaction parameters, such as the TSH:LNR weight ratio (1–3), reaction temperature (110–150 °C), and reaction time (1–8 h). A quadratic model was developed using this multivariate statistical analysis. Optimum conditions for the non-catalytic hydrogenation of LNR using TSH were obtained; an LNR hydrogenation percentage of 83.47% at a TSH:LNR weight ratio of 1.41, a reaction temperature of 118.11 °C, and a reaction time of 3.84 h were predicted. The R2 value of 0.9949 indicates that the model provides data that are well matched with those from the experiment.

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