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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 25 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 5 (2020)" : 25 Documents clear

Pharmacokinetic Study and Incurred Sample Stability of Esomeprazole in Dried Blood Spot Sample Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Yahdiana Harahap; Anja Tamabri; Vicha Vicha; Herman Suryadi; Sunarsih Sunarsih; Callista Andinie Mulyadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In the past years, Esomeprazole (EMP) was analyzed in human plasma samples, which still has stability issues; thus, the new biosampling technique known as Dried Blood Spot (DBS) might solve the issue. This research aims to evaluate the incurred sample stability of esomeprazole in dried blood spot using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array with lansoprazole as an internal standard. The analytical separation was performed on a C-18 column (Waters, Sunfire™ 5 μm; 250 × 4.6 mm) at 40 °C. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile–phosphate buffer pH 7.6 (40:60% v/v) with a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min; and was detected at 300 nm. The analyte was extracted from dried blood spot by methanol. Incurred sample stability was evaluated from 6 healthy subjects on day 0, 7, 14, and 28, respectively. This method was linear in the range concentration of 70–1400 ng/mL with r > 0.98. Pharmacokinetic study shows that the average of AUC0–t of EMP in the DBS sample was 1765.41 ngh/mL. The highest percent difference value of esomeprazole’s incurred samples stability on day 7, 14, and 28 from 6 healthy subjects were 9.81%. This result fulfilled the acceptance criteria, which is the percent difference should not be greater than 20%, and 67% of total samples have to fulfill the criteria. The incurred sample stability result showed that esomeprazole was stable in the DBS sample at least until 28 days with the highest value of percent difference is 9.81%.

Synthesis 1,1-Dibutoxybutane from Single Reagent of n-Butanol Using Cr/Activated Carbon Catalyst Iip Izul Falah; Mokhammad Fajar Pradipta; Alvan Luthfi Rinaldi; Wega Trisunaryanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of 1,1-dibutoxybutane from the single reagent of n-butanol using Cr/Activated Carbon (Cr/AC) as a catalyst has been done. The aims of this research were to evaluate the effect of temperature, amount of catalyst, and alcohol flow rate towards the yield of 1,1-dibutoxybutane. Activated carbon (AC) was prepared by activating coconut shell carbon at 650 °C in the atmosphere of H2 at a flow rate of 15 mL/min for 4 h, and then it was washed using acetone in a Soxhlet for 15 rounds, washed 3 times by 1.0 M HCl, and finally, it was sieved at 60–80 mesh. Metal content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of Na, Ca, and Fe. The AC was impregnated with Cr(VI) solution and reduced with H2 at 650 °C. The acidity of Cr/AC catalyst was determined by the adsorption of ammonia vapor. Optimization of n-butanol conversion to 1,1-dibutoxybutane using Cr/AC catalyst was conducted in an oven using variations of temperature of 450, 500, and 550 °C, catalyst amount of 5, 10, and 15 g, under an alcohol flow rate of 0.10, 0.50, and 0.90 mL/min. The conversions of 1,1-dibutoxybutane were analyzed by GC-MS and 1H-NMR. The results showed that after washing by acetone and 1.0 M HCl, the content of metals in the AC was significantly decreased. The AC and Cr/AC showed acidity of 2.49 and 8.27 mmol/g, respectively. The highest product of 1,1-dibutoxybutane (53.42%) was reached at 450 °C using 5 g catalyst of Cr/AC under the alcohol flow rate of 0.10 mL/min.

Determination of Total Flavonoid Content in Medicinal Plant Leaves Powder Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Lestyo Wulandari; Bayu Dwi Permana; Nia Kristiningrum
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Flavonoid is phenolic compounds consisting of fifteen carbon atoms and is commonly found in plants. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, has been developed for a simple analysis of flavonoid in the medicinal plant leaves powder. IR spectra of selected medicinal plant powder were correlated with flavonoid content using chemometrics. The chemometric methods used for calibration analysis were Partial Least Square (PLS), Principal Component Regression (PCR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). After the calibration model was formed, it was then validated using Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation (LOOCV) and 2-fold cross-validation. In this study, the PLS of the Near-infrared (NIR) calibration model showed the best calibration with R-Square and RMSEC values of 0.9676524 and 0.0978202, respectively. The LOOCV of PLS of the NIR calibration model has the R-square and RMSE values of 0.9850164 and 0.067663, respectively. The 2-fold cross-validation gave the R-square and RMSE values of 0.9857071 and 0.2104665, respectively. PLS of the NIR calibration model was further used to predict unknown flavonoid content in commercial samples. The significance of flavonoid content that has been measured by NIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometry was evaluated with paired samples T-test. The flavonoid content that has been measured with both methods gave no significant difference.

Coating of Pd and Co on Mordenite for a Catalyst of Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into Biofuel Maya Tri Hapsari; Wega Trisunaryanti; Iip Izul Falah; Media Laila Permata
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The catalytic activity of Co and Pd loaded on mordenite (MOR) was evaluated in the hydrotreatment of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) into biofuel. Metals were loaded into MOR as support via wet impregnation process. The Co content was varied as 2, 4, and 6 wt.% to produce Co(1)/MOR, Co(2)/MOR, Co(3)/MOR catalysts. The micro-mesoporous structure of the catalyst was confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement. AAS were used to analyze the amount of metal that is successfully loaded in the catalysts. Hydrotreating of the CNSL was conducted in a semi-batch reactor at 450 °C with hydrogen flow (20 mL/min) for 2 h. The liquid product was analyzed using GC-MS. The activity of Co/MOR was compared with the activity of Pd/MOR as a noble metal. The result of the hydrotreatment process showed a decrease of liquid product in the sequence of Co(3)/MOR > Co(2)/MOR > Pd/MOR > Co(1)/MOR > MOR. The Co(3)/MOR catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of liquid hydrocarbon than the others (61.8 wt.%), comprising predominantly by gasoline compounds with over 25.21 wt.% conversion.

Synthesis of Activated Carbon/Chitosan/Alginate Beads Powder as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue and Methyl Violet 2B Dyes Margaretha Aditya Kurnia Purnaningtyas; Sri Sudiono; Dwi Siswanta
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The activated carbon-chitosan-alginate (KKA) beads powder was synthesized to form an adsorbent for the cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet 2B (MV 2B). The aims of this research were to determine the optimum composition of KKA beads powder for the adsorption of cationic dyes and to investigate the effect of pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, and initial concentration of MB and MV 2B dyes. A desorption study was also implemented to predict the adsorption mechanisms of MB and MV 2B dyes. The KKA beads powder was prepared by mixing chitosan, Na-alginate with various variation of masses (0.6; 0.8; 1.0; and 1.2 g) and activated carbon. The KKA beads were immersed in a CaCl2 solution. The KKA beads powder was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. The desorption study was conducted in NaCl (0.1 M and 1.0 M), ethanol (40% and 60%), and pH 4 solution. The result showed that the KKA beads powder had been successfully created, with maximum adsorption capacities of 1.34 mmol g–1 for MB and 1.23 mmol g–1 for MV 2B. The kinetics and isotherms of MB and MV dyes adsorption on the KKA beads powder followed pseudo second order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm. The desorption study showed that 60% ethanol was the most effective desorption solution for cationic dyes.

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