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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 13 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 1 (2005)" : 13 Documents clear

DETERMINATION OF VANILLIN IN VANILLA (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) FROM LAMPUNG INDONESIA BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Siti Sujalmi; Suharso Suharso; R Supriyanto; Buchari Buchari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper describes a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the separation, identification and quantification of vanillin in ethanolic extracts of cured vanilla. The fresh green beans were cured by three methods: scalding in hot water, drying in the oven, and drying in the sun. Two treatments for the cured beans before extraction, there were cutting cured vanilla about 2.5 cm and not cutting. The extraction was with Soxhletation and percolation method in 99.9 % ethanol. The vanillin was separated on C18 column using a mobile phase gradient of methanol - acidified water (10-90), detection at 280 nm. The HPLC technique allows a more accurate means of determining the vanillin content of vanilla than the spectrophotometric method.

SYNTHESIS OF C-METHYL-4,10,16,22-TETRAMETHOXYCALIX[4]ARENE FROM PHENOL USING BF3-METHANOL AS THE CATALYST Jumina Jumina; Evi Triwulandari; Chairil Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

C-Methyl 4,10,16,22-tetramethoxycalix[4]arene has been synthesized from phenol. The reaction performed consisted of methylation of phenol, acetylation of methyl phenyl ether, reduction of p-methoxyacetophenone, and cyclization of p-methoxy-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene to form C-methyl-4,10,16,22-tetramethoxycalix[4]-arene using BF3-methanol as the acid catalyst. Methylation of phenol was done by reacting phenol with solution of NaOH to generate sodium phenoxide salt. This mixture was strirred at reflux for 0.5 hours. Dimethyl sulphate was added and the reflux was continued for 2,5 hours. The product obtained was methyl phenyl ether, which was found as a colorless liquid in 99.0% yield. Acetylation of methyl phenyl ether was carried out in chloroform using acetic anhydride as the acetylating agent and anhydrous aluminium chloride as the catalyst. The addition of acetic anhydride and anhydrous aluminium chloride was done in two portions. The first portion was 0.967 g of acetic anhydride and 1.4 g of anhydrous aluminium chloride. The second portion was 0.54 g of acetic anhydride and 0.6 g of anhydrous aluminium chloride. The product obtained was found as a reddish yellow liquid in 69.6% yield. Reduction of p-methoxyacetophenone as the acetylation product was done using NaBH4 in ethanol at reflux for 2.5 hours. From this reaction, p-methoxy-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene was obtained as a brown viscous liquid in 44.9% yield. Cyclization of p-methoxy(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene was done using BF3-methanol as the acid catalyst for two days at room temperature. The product obtained from this cyclization was found as a brown very viscous liquid in 87.3% yield. Identification of reaction products were carried out using Infra Red (IR) Spectrophotometer, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectrometer and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

THERMODYNAMIC OF Mg(II), Cd(II), AND Ni(II) ADSORPTION ON SULFONIC MODIFIED SILICA GEL Choiril Azmiyawati; Nuryono Nuryono; Narsito Narsito
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silica gel modified with 4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphtalenedisulphonate (SG-SO3-) has been applied for adsorption of Mg(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) in aqueous medium. In addition, three thermodynamic parameters i.e. capacity, adsorption constant and energy of adsorption were calculated. Adsorption was conducted in a batch system and metal ion remaining in the solution was determined by atomic adsorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The amount of adsorbed metal ions was calculated from the difference of metal ion concentration before and after interaction. Adsorption parameters i.e. capacity (ns2), constant (b), and energy (E) of adsorption were calculated using the equation of Langmuir isotherm. Results showed that ns2 for Mg(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) on the adsorbent were 4.67 x 10-4, 1.19 x 10-4, and 0.13 x 10-4mol g-1, respectively. The values of b for Mg(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) were 49.35 x 105, 173.46 x 105, and 181.12 x 105 g-1, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that E for all metal ion investigated was in the range of 26-30 kJ/mol, indicating the involvement of chemical adsorption.

POLY(GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE-DIVINYLBENZENE) MONOLITHIC CAPILLARY AS A STATIONARY PHASE FOR THE REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF PROTEINS Nurul Hidayat Aprilita; Rania Bakry; Christian W Huck; Guenther K Bonn
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Capillary column with monolithic stationary phase was prepared from silanized fused-silica capillary of 200 µm I.D. by in situ free radical polymerization of divinylbenzene with glycidy methacrylate in the presence of decanol and tetrahydrofuran as porogens. The hydrodynamic and chromatographic properties of this monolith, such as backpressure at different flow-rate, pore size distribution, van Deemter plot and the effect of varying gradient-rate were investigated. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) monolithic capillary has been used successfully for the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of proteins.

STUDY OF REACTION OF TRANS-[Pt(15NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ WITH N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE Sutopo Hadi; Trevor G Appleton
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study of the reaction between trans-[Pt(15NH3)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (H3accys) was undertaken to confirm the identity of the products formed. In alkaline solution, the platinum products observed were mononuclear species, while in acidic solution, the oligomeric products were obtained. The mass spectrometry of the reaction in alkaline solution showed a sulfur-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) species, trans-[{Pt(H2accys-S)2(15NH3)2}2((-H2accys-S)]+ giving m/z 948 and the lost of two ammines was observed.

EFFECT OF ACID CONCENTRATION ON CHARACTERS OF SILICA GEL SYNTHESIZED FROM SODIUM SILICATE Nuryono Nuryono; Narsito Narsito
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this research, synthesis and characterization of silica gel from sodium silicate through sol-gel process using H2SO4, HCl, and citric acid have been investigated. Synthesis was carried out by mixing and stirring 20 mL of H2SO4, HCl or citric acid at certain concentration with 50 mL of sodium silicate solution (Na2O 0.17 M and SiO2 0.61 M) for one hour and let to form gel. The gel was washed with distillated water, and dried in an oven at 100 oC. Characterization of silica gel was carried out by determination of acidity, water adsorption capacity, and water content. Identification of functional group and structure were identified using x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectrophotometer, respectively. Results showed that at a range of investigated concentration (0.6 - 3.0 M) the increase of concentration, formation of gel with H2SO4 tended to be faster, but with HCl and citric acid to be slower. The increase of acid concentration caused water content, water adsorption capacity, and acidity of the silica gel resulted with HCl and citric acid tended to be increased, increased, and increased, but with H2SO4 to be decreased, increased, and decreased, respectively. Based on the IR spectra and XRD data, it could concluded that the synthetic silica gels contained silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) and were amorphous, showing similar pattern to kieselgel G 60 produced by Merck.

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATIONS AND MODIFICATION OF Ni-Pd/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS Wega Trisunaryanti; Endang Triwahyuni; Sri Sudiono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation, and modification of Ni-Pd/natural zeolite as well as their characterizations had been carried out. The aim of this research for the fututure is to prepare the best characters catalyst for the conversion of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction (C5-C12 hydrocarbons). The preparation of catalysts was performed by reacting a natural zeolite with the precursor of Ni(NO3)2. 9H2O and PdCl2 in an ammonia solution (25%). The modifications were performed by varying the rasio of Ni/Pd loaded to the zeolite, whereas the Pd was previously loaded and total metal content was 1 wt.% based on the zeolite. The characterization of catalysts included determination of acidity gravimetrically by adsorption of ammonia or pyridine vapour base method, metal content by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and X-ray Fluoresence (XRF) and crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The treatment of catalysts using Etilene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) was performed to study the metal distribution on the outer or inner surface of the zeolite. The characterization results showed that the loading of metals to the zeolite increased its acidity and decreased its spesific surface area, however, did not defect its crystallnity. The metals loaded on the zeolite were distributed inside the pore and at outer surface of the zeolite. For all catalyst samples, the acidities determined using ammonia were higher than those of pyridine, and the acidities determined before the EDTA treatment was lower than those after the treatment. Metal contents of the zeolite before the EDTA treatment were higher than those after the treatment. The EDTA treatment enhanced the crystallinity of the sampel. The relationship between the metal rasio towards the acidity of the catalyst samples were in variation. Catalyst samples produced in this research have good characters, thus promisingly can be used for conversion process of waste plastics to gasoline fraction.

STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF MESOPOROUS TiO2 USING ISOPROPOXIDE PRECURSORS UNDER LESS WATER CONDITIONS Indriana Kartini; Gao Qing Lu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The role of the synthesis parameters (the molar ratio of template, isopropyl alcohol, acetylacetone, and water with respect to titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide) has been thoroughly investigated to understand their effects on the mesostructures and the formation of crystalline phases of mesoporous titania xerogels in less water condition (no added water) at 60 oC. The resultant mesoporous titania are more likely to have worm-hole like structure as the dominant stable structure. The template appears to play no significant role in structure directing at mesophase level. However, increasing the amount of the template delays the formation of anatase crystalline phase.

BENZYLIDENE CYCLOPENTANONE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF RAT LIVER GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effect of the curcumin analogues, 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene) cyclopentanone (B1) and two of its derivatives on m class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from phenobarbital-induced and uninduced rat liver cytosol has been studied to elucidate their anti-inflammatory activity. GST activity was monitored spectrophotometrically using 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene. B1 was the most potent inhibitor of GSTs, both in uninduced and in phenobarbital-induced rat liver cytosol. These inhibitory properties might be explained as part of the anti-inflammatory activity of benzylidene cyclopentanone derivatives (B1 and B12).

SYNTHESIS OF Fe2O3-MONTMORILLONITE AND ITS APPLICATION AS A PHOTOCATALYST FOR DEGRADATION OF CONGO RED DYE Karna Wijaya; Iqmal Tahir; Nanik Haryanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The preparation of Fe2O3-montmorillonite and it's application as a catalyst for congo red dye photodegradation has been carried out. Fe2O3-montmorillonite was prepared by mixing the iron complexes pillaring agent and montmorillonite. The product was calcined at 250 oC for 5 hours. Montmorillonite and calcined product was analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (X-RD), infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), gas sorption analyser, X-ray fluorescense (X-RF) and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spektrophotometry (UV-DRS). Fe2O3-montmorilonite then was used as a catalyst on congo red dye photodegrdation by UV-illuminating a mixture of 50 mg Fe2O3-montmorillonite and 25 mL congo red 10-4M at 365 nm at various illuminating times. Adsorption of congo red on Fe2O3-montmorillonite and montmorillonite was also performed as a comparison.Result of X-RD analysis showed that the 001 reflection of Fe2O3-montmorillonite was not detected that probably indicating the formation of house of card stucture and this result was supported also by the analysis result of distribution of pores and SEM photography result. Results of the XRF analysis showed that iron content increased from 5.21 % (w/w) in montmorillonite to 25.12 % (w/w) in Fe2O3-montmorillonite. UV- DRS analysis showed the increament of band gap energy from 3.69 eV in the iron oxide bulk to 3.8 eV in Fe2O3-montmorillonite. Specific surface area of the montmorillonite also increased significantly from 69,71 m2/g to 126,49 m2/g and total pores volume increased from 50.70x10-3 mL/Å/g to 107.89x10-3 mL/Å/g, respectively. Photodegradation of congo red using Fe2O3-montmorillonite caused the decreament of congo red concentration up to 90.22 % on UV illumination for 60 minutes. Adsorption of congo red on Fe2O3-montmorillonite reached 84.4% and on montmorillonite was 75.15 %.

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