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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 31 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 3 (2008)" : 31 Documents clear

ISOFLAVONES AGLICONE OF TEMPE MALANG FRIED SLICES Yetti Mulyati Iskandar; Sri Priatni
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Soybean fermentation was carried out by using mixed culture Rhizopus oligosporus C and Rhizopus oryzae L16 (1:1) as inoculum. Incubation places in an incubator at 30 oC for 5 days and assessment of β-glucosidase activity daily was investigated. Isoflavones aglicone of tempe produced in laboratory scale, tempe commercial and fried slices tempe from Malang were analized by chromatography technique. Bioconversion of isoflavonoida in soybean to isoflavone aglicone compounds can be caused by extracelluler enzyme b -glucosidase. The observation showed that fresh tempe Malang was obtained genistein content 15.57 mg/100 g defatted tempe higher than tempe produced from laboratorium scale that was 5.45 mg/100 g defatted tempe. However, genistein content of fried slices tempe from Malang content decreased 25%, that was 11.45 mg/100 g defatted tempe. Tempe prepared at laboratory had the highest specific activity of β-glucosidase at day two that was 1693 U/g protein.

GREEN CHEMISTRY APPLICATION FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF (1)-N-4’-METHOXYBENZYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE Maulidan Firdaus; Jumina Jumina; Chairil Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A simple, energy-efficient, and relatively quick synthetic procedure for the synthesis of (1)-N-4'-methoxybenzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide, based on green chemistry principles has been carried out. The synthesis was started by solvent-free reduction of p-anisaldehyde with NaBH4 to give 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in 98% yield to be followed by solvent-free treatment of the resulted alcohol with PBr3 to yield 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (86%). Furthermore, the obtained bromide was reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline in acetone at reflux for 12 h to give the phenanthrolinium salt target in 68% yield.

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILM OF TiO2 ON GRAPHITE SUBSTRATE BY Cu-ELECTRODEPOSITION Fitria Rahmawati; Sayekti Wahyuningsih; Nurani Handayani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Surface modification of graphite/TiO2 has been done by mean of Cu electrodeposition. This research aims to study the effect of Cu electrodeposition on photocatalytic enhancing of TiO2. Electrodeposition has been done using CuSO4 0,4 M as the electrolyte at controlled current. The XRD pattern of modified TiO2 thin film on graphite substrate exhibited new peaks at 2θ= 43-44o and 2θ= 50-51o that have been identified as Cu with crystal cubic system, face-centered crystal lattice and crystallite size of 26-30 nm. CTABr still remains in the material as impurities. Meanwhile, based on morphological analysis, Cu particles are dissipated in the pore of thin film. Graphite/TiO2/Cu has higher photoconversion efficiency than graphite/TiO2.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROTALCITE Zn-Al-SO4 AS ANION EXCHANGER AND ITS APPLICATION TO TREAT OF POLLLUTANT CONTAINED HEXACYANOFERRAT(II) Roto Roto; Iqmal Tahir; Umi Nur Sholikhah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite and its application as anion exchanger for hexacyanoferrat (II) have been studied. Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite was carried out by stoichiometric method and hydrothermal treatment. Sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer was exchanged by hexacyanoferrat (II) that was assumed as pollutant. Kinetics of ion exchange was also investigated. The product of ion exchange was characterized by XRD, IR spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite can be obtained by stoichiometric method at pH 8 and followed by hydrothermal treatment. The chemical formula of the hydrotalcite was Zn0.74Al0.26(OH)1.74(SO4)0.13.0.52H2O. The hexacyanoferrat (II) anion could exchange sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer as showed by IR spectra and XRD patterns. The anion exchange capacity was 645.35 meq/100 g, and the kinetics of ion exchange reaction was first order with k = 5 x 10-5 s-1. It showed that Zn-Al-Fe(CN)6 could be regenerated easily, so it has been regenerate frequently.

DETERMINATION OF REACTION KINETICS USING ONLINE X-RAY DIFFRACTION Elida Purba
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful technique for the study of polymorphism and polymorphic phase transformations. Monitoring of phase transformation directly has been very limited to-date. The XRD system used in this study was used to determine the rate of transformation of pure glutamic acid a form to b form in a solution mediated phase. On every run starting from the pure a form, the transformation process was monitored continuously at fixed temperature, and separate experiments were performed as a function of temperature. The operating temperature was varied from 36 to 57 °C with 10% w/w solid concentration. Data were taken every 200 seconds until the transformation was completed. This paper is concerned with a study of the transformation of the alpha (a) form of L-glutamic acid (L-GA) to the beta (b) form in order to determine the kinetic reaction. The rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were obtained. Sensitivity tests were also carried out to examine minimum detection limit when both a and b present in the mixture. In addition, effect of particle size on XRD patterns was also determined. The results show that XRD gives useful information to observe polymorphism for pharmaceutical industry.

CATALYTIC HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE LUBRICANT OIL INTO LIQUID FUEL FRACTION USING ZnO, Nb2O5, ACTIVATED NATURAL ZEOLITE AND THEIR MODIFICATION Wega Trisunaryanti; Suryo Purwono; Arista Putranto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Catalytic hydrocracking of waste lubricant oil into liquid fuel fraction using ZnO, Nb2O5, activated natural zeolite (ZAAH) and their modification has been investigated. The zeolite was produced in Wonosari, Yogyakarta. Activation of the zeolite was carried out by refluxing with HCl 3M for 30 min, produced the activated natural zeolite (ZAAH). The ZnO/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by impregnation of Zn onto the ZAAH by ion exchange method using salt precursor of Zn(NO3)2.4H2O. The Nb2O5/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by mixing the ZAAH sample with Nb2O5 and oxalic acid solution until the paste was formed. The impregnation of Zn onto Nb2O5/ZAAH was carried out using the same method to that of the ZnO/ZAAH catalyst resulted ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst. Characterization of catalyst includes determination of Zn metal by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), acidity by gravimetric method and catalyst porosity by Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Catalytic hydrocracking was carried out in a semi-batch reactor system using ZnO, ZAAH, ZnO/ZAAH and ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalysts at 450 oC under the H2 flow rate of 15 mL/min. and the ratio of catalyst/feed = 1/5. The composition of liquid products was analyzed by Gas Chromatograpy (GC).The results showed that impregnation of ZnO and/or Nb2O5 on the ZAAH increased the acidity and specific surface area of catalyst. The products of the hydrocracking process were liquid, coke and gas. Conversion of liquid products was increased by the increase of catalyst acidity. The highest liquid product was produced by ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst, 52.97 wt-%, consist of gasoline, 38.87 wt-% and diesel, 14.10 wt-%.

THE EFFECT OF PROCESS CONDITIONS IN PREPARATION OF VEGETABLE BROTH AS SAVORY FLAVOR FROM MUNG BEANS (Phaseolus radiatus L.) USING INOCULUM OF Rhizopus-C1 Agustine Susilowati; Aspiyanto Aspiyanto; Hakiki Melanie; Yati Maryati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation of vegetable broth from mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) in semi pilot scale is an attempt development to get product of savory flavor in larger scale. The aim of this activity was to find out the effect of process multiplication on composition of vegetable broth from mung beans using inoculum of Rhizopus-C1 through brine fermentation in mixtures of inoculum, salt, and mung beans of 26, 23, and 51 %. This activity was conducted in both temperature of fermentation (room temperature and 30 °C), various time of fermentation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks) and process scales, namely laboratory scale (300 g) and semi pilot scale (± 25 kg), respectively. The result of experiment indicated that fermentation temperature and time and process scales were tend to affect on composition of product. The length of fermentation time would increase concentrations of dissolved protein, N-amino and reducing sugar, decreased concentrations of fat and Volatile Reduction Substance (VRS), while concentrations of total protein, and water were tend to be constant in laboratory and semi pilot scales at the both process temperatures. Multiplication in preparation process of inoculum (7 kg) using starter of Rhizopus-C1 resulted inoculum with activities of proteolytic of 0.71 U/g, and amilolytic of 17.5 U/g at 56 h of incubation. The whole process in semi pilot scale decreased composition of products. The optimal treatment based on recovery of total protein, and the highest amino acids as N-amino in semi pilot scale was at fermentation temperature of 30 ºC for 10 weeks with concentrations of water of 44.96%, total protein of 11.77% (dry matter), dissolved protein of 8 mg/mL, N-amino of 15.4 mg/mL, reducing sugar of 582.5 mg/mL, fat of 0.26% and, VRS of 90 µeq.reduction/g.

QUANTITATIVE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF ANTIMALARIAL COMPOUND OF ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION APPROACH Paul Robert Martin Werfette; Ria Armunanto; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Analysis of quantitative structure - activity relationship (QSAR) for a series of antimalarial compound artemisinin derivatives has been done using principal component regression. The descriptors for QSAR study were representation of electronic structure i.e. atomic net charges of the artemisinin skeleton calculated by AM1 semi-empirical method. The antimalarial activity of the compound was expressed in log 1/IC50 which is an experimental data. The main purpose of the principal component analysis approach is to transform a large data set of atomic net charges to simplify into a data set which known as latent variables. The best QSAR equation to analyze of log 1/IC50 can be obtained from the regression methodas a linear function of several latent variables i.e. x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5. The best QSAR model isexpressed in the following equation, (;;)

A LONG CHAIN ALCOHOL AND TWO STEROL COMPOUNDS FROM THE HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK OF Aglaia odorata Lour. (Meliaceae) Tukiran Tukiran; Prima Ardhiana; Suyatno Suyatno; Kuniyoshi Shimizu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A long chain alcohol, 1-eicosanol together with two sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol had been isolated from hexane extract of stem bark of pacar cina (Aglaia odorata Lour) (Meliaceae). These structures had been established based on spectroscopic data (IR and NMR) and by comparison to those of standard compounds.

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ARIAL PARTS OF Cleome rutidosperma DC PLANT S. M. Mizanur Rahman; Serajum Munira; M. Amzad Hossain
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Two new compounds were identified as 2-ethyl-cyclohex-2-ene-6-hydroxy-methylene-1-carboxylic acid and 3b-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, respectively, from the petroleum ether extracts of Cleome rutidosperma plant. These two constituents is the first time occurrence in this plant. The structures of the two different type of compounds are elucidated with the help of UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, DEPT 90, DEPT 135 and mass spectral data.

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