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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 54 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020" : 54 Documents clear
Histopathological of White Rats Aorta Induced by High-Fat Feed After Administered by Neem Leaf Ethanolic Extract Baiq Miftahul Jannah; Sri Isdadiyanto; Agung Janika Sitasiwi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.25494

Abstract

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is one of the traditional medicines used by local people as antioxidants, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, and treatment for other diseases such as heart disease. This study aimed to analyze the effect of neem leaf ethanolic extract on aortic wall thickness and aortic lumen diameter of white rats induced by high-fat feed. The male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) with 2 months of age were used. This research was an experimental study with a Randomized Complete Block Design consisted of 6 treatments (P0: commercial feed, P1: high-fat feed and duck egg yolk 2.5 ml/200 g BW per oral, P2: P1 + 8 mg/200 g BW simvastatin, P3-P5: P1+ neem leaf extract of 75, 100, and 125 mg/200 g BW respectively) and 4 replications. Aortic preparations were made by the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test with 95% confidence level. The result showed that the decrease in wall thickening and lumen narrowing was getting higher along with the increasing doses of ethanol extract of neem leaves. Based on the result of this research, it was found that the high doses of neem leaf ethanolic extract has the same ability with simvastatin to reduce aortic wall thickning and aortic lumen narrowing of white rats. This study is give a new information that the neem leaves can be used as an alternative medicine for cardiovascular disease.
Stability and Antibacterial Property of Polyherbal Mouthwash Formulated Using Local Ingredients Juman Nafea; Mohamed Edbeib; Kin Israel R. Notarte; Fahrul Huyop; Harisun Yaakub
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.25243

Abstract

The oral cavity is a home to more than 500 bacterial species. Although some of the oral bacteria are harmless, there are certain species that may cause oral plaques, bad breath, and mouth disease. Thus, maintaining a good oral hygiene is essential for a healthy mouth and body. The present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal mouthwash that may have antibacterial properties. Mouthwash formulations were prepared containing varying percentages of herbal extracts, with each formulation stored at 12 °C and 25 °C. Over the course of 12 weeks, the appearance and pH of the formulated mouthwash were measured. The mouthwash formulations maintained good homogeneity and color when stored at 25 °C, displaying lower pH level ranging between 3.71 and 4.85. Although the mouthwash stored at 12 °C maintained good homogeneity, a change in color in the formulation was evident and a more unstable pH readings were recorded. Antibacterial assay showed that mouthwash formulations stored at 25 °C had better inhibitory activity compared to those stored at 12 °C. Furthermore, mouthwash formulation containing (30% v/v) aleppo oak extract as the major ingredient conferred the greatest inhibition zone diameter (IZD = 10-18 mm) against salivary bacteria compared to formulations with (30% v/v) clove and (30% v/v) turmeric extracts as major ingredients. The best polyherbal mouthwash formulation in terms of inhibiting bacterial growth followed the 3:1:2 ratio for aleppo oak extract, clove extract, and turmeric, respectively. Therefore, the polyherbal mouthwash formulated in this study has the potential to be optimized and commercialized to antagonize growth of pathogenic oral bacteria.
Feed Resources Determination Based on Pollen Diversity in Trigona Bees (Trigona sp.) Colony Muachiroh Abas; Eddy Tri Sucianto
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.26603

Abstract

Trigona bees' food resources can be determined either directly based on flowering plants live closed to the nest or based on pollen diversity inside the nest. There is no study about Trogona bee's food resources determination based on pollen diversity inside the bee colony's nest. This study aimed to determine plant food resources based on pollen diversity found inside the Trigona nest. This research was conducted in Serang village, sub-district of Karangreja, Purbalingga Regency. Pollen samples were taken from flowering plants lives around the nest and those in the nest and then were prepared using the acetolysis method. The variables observed were pollen morphology, with parameters such as unit, shape, size, aperture, and ornamentation. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on pollen diversity, 43 species and 22 plant families were live around Trigonanest in Serang Village. Forty-one pollen types were found inside the Trigonas' nest, with 37 of them are identic to the pollen collected from flowers around the nest. It can be concluded that 37 species of flowering plants could be determined as food resources for the Trigona bee based on pollen diversity inside the nest. This research provides the first data about feed resources for Trigona bee in Serang Village based on pollen diversity. The results provide essential information about food resources, which is vital for the development of Trigona bee cultivation.
Comparison of Nutritional Content of Mangifera indica L. var. Wirasangka with Three Other Varieties in Tegal Regency Enni Suwarsi Rahayu; Amin Retnoningsih; Muhammad Abdullah; Priyanti Susanti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.26728

Abstract

Mangifera indica L. var. wirasangka or wirasangka mango, a local plant in Tegal Regency, has a low population because it is rarely planted by people as its unknown nutritional content. To increase people's interest in planting, it is necessary to know the nutritional content of wirasangka mango. The aim of the study was to compare the nutritional content of wirasangka mango with three other varieties in Tegal Regency. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design. The factor was the mango variety which included six varieties, namely the varieties of wirasangka from three areas, okyong, tengkoeh, and golek. The variables observed were content of water, fiber, fructose, β-carotene, potassium and iron, as well as vitamin C and antioxidant activity. Normally distributed data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Besides, the non-normally distribution data were analyzed using Kruskal Walis and continued with post-hoc test, i.e. Mann-Whitney. The results showed that the levels of water, dietary fiber, fructose, β-carotene, and iron were significantly different at the significance level of 0.1. Wirasangka mango has a higher fiber, and fructose content, but lower of β-carotene and iron content compared to okyong, tengkoeh and golek mangoes. The levels of vitamin C, potassium, and antioxidant activity of wirasangka mango were equivalent to the three other varieties studied. Thus the wirasangka mango has advantages which are expected to increase the interest of people in Tegal Regency to plant this variety. As a result, its population in the future will also increase.
Qualitative Tests of Secondary Metabolite Compounds in Ethanol Extract of Spirulina platensis from Karimun Jawa Sea, Indonesia Renni Yuniati; Muhammad Zainuri; Hermin Kusumaningrum
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.23153

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a spiral green-blue algae that is abundant in the subtropical and tropical water bodies. S. platensis has several potentials to be used in the medical fields due to its wound healing and antitumor potentials. This research aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the ethanolic extract of S. platensis from Karimun Jawa Sea, Indonesia. The dried S. platensis was macerated and extracted using ethanol, then was filtered using Whatman filter paper. A series of tests has been done to determine the secondary metabolites in the ozonated oil using several chemistry tests and reagents in the ethanol extract of S. platensis. The tests found that S. platensis microalgae harvested from Karimun Jawa sea contains alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and quinone. As S. platensis from different region contains different substances, this research shows the substances contained in S. platensis from Karimun Jawa sea. With this research, we knew that S. platensis from Karimun Jawa islands contains alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and quinone which can be used as a medicinal ingredient.
Characteristics of DNA Barcodes from Three Thrixspermum Orchids Based on ITS2 Regions Siti Rohimah; Tri Ratnasari; Mukhamad Su’udi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.23737

Abstract

Thrixspermum (T.) is one of the genus in Orchidaceae that has small flowers. Among species in this genus has a high homology and also has many synonyms. Identification using morphological characters can be constrained since Thrixspermum flowering time occurs in a very short period. This study aimed to conduct molecular-based identification of Thrixspermum orchids using DNA barcoding. This method applied molecular-based species identification technique using DNA sequences from genomic fragments that are considered fast, accurate, and consistent. The molecular markers used were Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2), while the samples used were T. centipeda, T. lucidum, and T. angustifolium. BLAST results show that T. centipeda has a close relationship with T. centipeda from Malaysia (KX679332) with 99.79% percent identity, T. lucidum has a high homology with T. linusii (KX679333; 97.30%), while T. angustifolium has a high homology with T. triangulare (KX679348; 99.38%). There is a unique sequence that only T. lucidum and T. angustifolium have that distinguishes the two from other species. ITS2 can be recommended as a molecular marker for determining the Thrixspermum orchid barcode. The benefit obtained from this research is the DNA barcode sequences (ITS2) of Thrixspermum orchids would be very useful to enrich the plant barcodes database for further molecular taxonomy and biodiversity of orchid. 
Bifidobacterium longum, a Predominant Bifidobacterium in Early-life Infant Potentially Used as Probiotic Dyah Fitri Kusharyati; Anwar Rovik; Dini Ryandini; Hendro Pramono
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.25895

Abstract

In early life, Bifidobacteria are reported as dominant bacteria in the human digestive tract. Bifidobacterium is potential as a probiotic. The probiotic property of Bifidobacterium is strain-specific. This study aimed to identify the Bifidobacterium (isolated from less than one-month-old healthy infant stool that potentially used as probiotic) based on the 16S rRNA gene and determining their similarities among Bifidobacteria. The probiotic-potentially Bifidobacterium was re-characterized by performing a Gram’s staining and catalase test. The DNA extraction process was followed by the 16S rRNA amplification using 27F-1492R primers. Sequence similarity was checked by using the BLAST program in the GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using a neighbor-joining (NJ) method within the MEGA version 7.0 package. The 16S rRNA gene was presented at 1,500 bp length. Bifidobacterium strains have a 91.14-94.26 % sequence similarity to B. longum subsp. longum strain CCUG30698 which is considered as insufficient for species and genus identifications. However, those isolates could be assigned in a phylogenetic position. This present study suggested the B. longum as the dominant strain of Bifidobacterium in the gut of early-life infants which has potential as a probiotic and is considered as an ideal probiotic for human consumption. This study is useful as basic information for other related research, as well as its application in industrial or community service fields.
Selection of Soybean (Glycine max) Germplasm Against Biotrophic Fungi Disease Based on Anatomical Resistance Siti Samiyarsih; Ade Yuanita Putri Pratiwi; Juni Safitri Muljowati; Nur Fitrianto
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.25109

Abstract

The obstacle to increasing the soybean production is an infection of rust disease caused by the biotrophic fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The research objectives were to determine the anatomical resistance and the level of resistance of soybean cultivars against rust disease. The embedding method for observed leaf structural anatomy. The disease severity based on the method of International Working Group on the Soybean Rust (IWGSR) rating system.  The experiment was arranged as a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Factorial Pattern and five times repetition. The first factor was soybean cultivars, namely Gepak Kuning, Slamet, Tanggamus, and Wilis. The second factor was P. pachyrhizi inoculation with 0 uredospores/mL (uninoculated) and 104 uredospores/mL (inoculated). The results showed that the soybean cultivars that have thicker cuticle and epidermis, high trichomes and low stomatal density, and low of stomatal conductance have better anatomical resistance to leaf rust disease. Wilis and Slamet cultivars are resistant cultivars, indicated by disease intensity of 20% and 24.6%, respectively. While the Tanggamus is moderately resistant cultivar and Gepak Kuning is a susceptible cultivar, indicated by disease intensity of 56.5% and 85.3%, respectively. The novelty of selection soybean germplasm against biotrophic fungal disease are important and effectiveness in order to increase the crop productivity. These three soybean cultivars potentially serve as genetic sources to develop high yielding soybean cultivars and resistant to rust disease.
Frontmatter (Cover and Table of Contents) biosaintifika biosaintifika
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.28867

Abstract

Ethnobotanical Study of Early Childhood Medicinal Plants Used by the Local People in South Bangka Regency, Indonesia Henri Henri; Vitryany Nababan; Luchman Hakim
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 3 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i3.22221

Abstract

South Bangka Regency has a long history of using medicinal plants as part of its medical system. However, the potential associated with this aspect of traditional medicine remains understudied and poorly explored. This study aimed to describe the types of medicinal plants and analyze the use of medicinal plants to treat early childhood disease by the local community of South Bangka Regency. The research method used was open interview with local people using the questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). The analysis identified 55 plant species from 35 families. The most common families were Euphorbiaceae (8.92%), Fabaceae (7.14%), Poaceae (7.14%), Zingiberaceae (5.36%), and Lamiaceae (5.36%). The most widely used plant was shallot plants (Allium cepa L.) with values of UV, FL, and RFC were 0.67, 66.67, and 0.015, respectively. This study revealed the richness of ethnomedicinal knowledge in the South Bangka Regency. Finally, it is expected that this ethnobotany study can provide a database for further scientific research. The community’s knowledge as a legacy will not be repeated if it is not inherited. Besides, this biodiversity is very important as a socio-economic and ecological asset in South Bangka Regency which must be protected by all means from over exploitation.

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