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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

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Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 1 (2016)" : 7 Documents clear

Optimation Budgeting DistributionModel for Maintaining Irrigation Scheme Sutarto Edhisono; Iwan K. Hadihardaja; Suripin Suripin
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Utilization of palm oil by-product such as palm fronds, leaves, empty fruit bunches (EFB), fiber fruit juice (FFJ), palm to maintenance of irrigation structures are the activities carried out routinely in irrigation areas in order to obtain optimum performance. Required costs of maintenance is provided by government based on the commanding area of irrigation area without taking into account the characteristics of each irrigation area. On the other hand the fund which is provided by the government for the purpose of maintenance of irrigation assets amounting to 40 % of the required, so that necessary special tips is needed to take optimum result of the limited funds to choose which priority irrigation structures. While this selection irrigation structures are maintained/repaired just based on policy of decision makers only. The purpose of this research was to develop an optimization model for distribution of irrigation maintenance cost allocation for the irrigation areas and make selection to priority irrigation structures for maintenance in order to get optimum results. Location of the research is the Pondok Irrigation Area (IA) which located in East Java province. This irrigation area is part of the region Central River Region Solo. Pondok IA. consist of 4 irrigation areas, namely: Dero IA., Sambiroto IA., Padas IA. And Plesungan IA. The study was conducted in two stages : Stage 1 with the aim of allocating the cost of maintenance for each irrigation area in Pondok IA., which are Dero IA., Sambiroto IA., Padas IA. And Plesungan IA. Stage 2 with the aim of making choice for the priority irrigation structures are maintained/repaired on Dero IA., Sambiroto IA., Padas IA. And Plesungan IA. The method used is multi criteria analysis by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with using a soft ware expert choice 2000. To complete Stage 1used multiple criteria analysis of three levels, with the top level is Pondok IA., then the second level is below, named criterias which consists of four criterias, namely: Level of Urgency, Productivity, Commanding Area and Cost with in ratio of 4: 3: 2: 1. The lowest level is named alternatives which consisted of four irrigation areas, namely Dero IA., Sambiroto IA., Padas IA., and Plesungan IA. The data used in this research is PAI Solo data in 2011. Stage 2 of this study is selection priority structures in each irrigation area for maintenance / repair. In this analisis is used multi-criteria analysis also, where as the top level is the name of each irrigation area. As criteria there are three criterias, namely: Productivity, Service area, Cost of structure with the weight of each: 3: 2: 1. As the lower level is alternative, which here are the name of the proposed structures. The proposed structures and their specifications are taken from PAI Bengawan Solo data in 2011. The structures which analysed are the structures which in very urgent and urgent condition only. The result is a list of priority irrigation structures which would be maintained from each irrigation area. Results of the research Stage 1 : From costs available for Pondok IA. IDR 749,880,000.-. Dero IA., receive IDR 216,715,320.-; Sambiroto IA., receive IDR 207,716,760.-; Padas IA., receive IDR 173,222,280.-; and Plesungan IA., receive IDR 151,475,760.-. Results of the Stage 2 study is priority structures which would be maintained on each irrigation areas, namely: Dero IA., the name of the structures are: SSDOKa11, BDOKi1, BDOKa6, BDOKa15, SSDOKa14, SSDOKa15, SSDOKa17, SSDOKi1, SSDOKi2

Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cell on Sprague-Dawley Rats Induced with 1,2 Dimethylhidrazine and Phyllanthus niruri Linn Extrac Endang Sawitri
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Apoptosis cell is one of the main biomolecular predictors to determine kind of treatment given to patient with colorectal cancer and to predict the end result. Phyllanthus niruri Linn (P. niruri L) acts as antineoplastic but its potency on the process of cancer cell apoptosis has not been revealed yet. The objective of the research was to evaluate the apoptosis index of rats with colorectal cancer treated with and without P. niruri L. extract. This research used The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design. As many as 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with 1,2 DMH 30 mg/kgBW once in every week. Four rats were sacrificed at week 9th, 11th and 13th to be observed the development of colorectal cancer. Induction was then stopped and other 18 rats were randomly located into two groups. The first group was positive control (K+) group consisted of 9 rats without P. niruri extract. The second group (X) was consisted of 9 rats with the application of P.niruri L. extract 13.5 mg/kg per day orally. All rats were terminated on week 19th, tumor lesion was proceed for Histopathology preparations and stained with Kit TUNEL-IHC (Apo-BrdU-IHCTM BioVision Cat #K403) to identify the apoptosis cell. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test with significant level of p<0.05. The result showed that the average of apoptosis index of X treatment was 2.37 + 0.48 higher than K+ treatment namely 1.45 + 0.41 with a highly significance difference (p=0.000). Phyllanthus niruri L extract increased the apoptosis of colorectal cancer of Sprague-Dawley rats induced with 1,2 Dimethylhidrazine

Bit Plane Coding based Steganography Technique for JPEG2000 Images and Videos Geeta Kasana; Dr Kulbir Singh; Dr Satwinder Singh Bhatia
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this paper, a Bit Plane Coding (BPC) based steganography technique for JPEG2000 images and Motion JPEG2000 video is proposed. Embedding in this technique is performed in the lowest significant bit planes of the wavelet coefficients of a cover image. In JPEG2000 standard, the number of bit planes of wavelet coefficients to be used in encoding is dependent on the compression rate and are used in Tier-2 process of JPEG2000. In the proposed technique, Tier-1 and Tier-2 processes of JPEG2000 and Motion JPEG2000 are executed twice on the encoder side to collect the information about the lowest bit planes of all code blocks of a cover image, which is utilized in embedding and transmitted to the decoder. After embedding secret data, Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (OPAP) is applied on stego images to enhance its visual quality. Experimental results show that proposed technique provides large embedding capacity and better visual quality of stego images than existing steganography techniques for JPEG2000 compressed images and videos. Extracted secret image is similar to the original secret image.

Ergonomics in Work Method to Improve Construction Labor Productivity Tuti Sumarningsih; Mochammad Agung Wibowo; Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Productivity is an important issue in the construction industry. It is directly related to the construction cost and duration of the work. Construction productivity is influenced by many factors, such as material, equipment and labor. Labor is the most important factor, since labor determines how the work is done. Labor productivity is influenced by the work methods, physical fatigue, work environment, capability, and complexity of the work. To improve labor productivity due to the work method, application of the principle of ergonomics is important to consider. This research was held in Yogyakarta included 10 construction projects and involve 30 labor of brick masonry work, 22 labor of ceramic instalation, and 24 labor of wall painting work. The application of ergonomics principles in the masonry work, plaster work, ceramic installation, and wall painting work show an increase in labor productivity by 28.49%, 16.22%, 21.47%, and 26.18% respectively. Compared with the National Standards of Indonesia (NSI) these productivity per job are higher by 10.34%, 57.89%, 12.72%, and 33.33%.

THE ANALYSIS, IDENTIFICATION, AND FORMULATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN EXTRACT AVAILABLE IN ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES , FLOWERS , AND GRAINS OF RICE, CORNS, BEANS , AND SOYBEANS Budi Santosa; Henna Rya Sunoko; Andri S
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Abstract –Vegetable materials are easily found around us but are frequently considered useless. The Metallothionein content in vegetable materials such in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of rice, corns, beans, and soybeans has not been investigated before. Metallothionein protein has the role to bind heavy metals and serves as means of detoxification of heavy metals. This studi investigated to analyze, identify, and formulate metallothionein extracts from vegetable materials such as in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of rice, corns, beans, and soybeans. The Experimental, each vegetable material available in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit of rice, corns, beans, and soybeans was made into simplisia (crude medication) and then was processed into infuse. ELISA method was conducted as the measurement techniques upon protein level of each vegetable material infuse. The levels of Metallothionein protein available in vegetable materials were identified to determine the highest. The extract formula was taken from the highest levels of metallothionein. The result showed that the average metallothionein protein level from the entire vegetable materials was 0.62 ng: the highest in rice leaves of 1.4 ng and the lowest in bean flowers of 0.2 ng. The rice leaves were further formulated into metallothionein Extract. The analysis of metallothionein levels of vegetable materials such as in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of rice, corns, beans and soybeans found that the highest level was in rice leaves of 1.354539 ng, and the lowest was in bean flowers of 0.22478. Key Words - Vegetable, metallothionein..

Unsteady MHD flow of a dusty nanofluid past a vertical stretching surface with non-uniform heat source/sink C. Sulochana; J. Prakash; Sandeep N
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

We analyzed the momentum and heat transfer characteristics of unsteady MHD flow of a dusty nanofluid over a vertical stretching surface in presence of volume fraction of dust and nano particles with non uniform heat source/sink. We considered two types of nanofluids namely Ag-water and Cu-water embedded with conducting dust particles. The governing equations are transformed in to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using Shooting technique. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity and temperature profiles for fluid and dust phases are discussed and presented through graphs. Also, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed and presented for two dusty nanofluids separately in tabular form. Results indicate that an increase in the volume fraction of dust particles enhances the heat transfer in Cu-water nanofluid compared with Ag-water nanofluid and a raise in the volume fraction of nano particles shows uniform heat transfer in both Cu-water and Ag-water nanofluids.

Design of Level Control in A 10 L Pure Capacitive Tank: Stability Analysis and Dynamic Simulation Yulius Deddy Hermawan; Renung Reningtyas; Siti Diyar Kholisoh; Tutik Muji Setyoningrum
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The open loop experiment of a 10 L pure capacitive tank has been successfully done in laboratory. The square tank connected with a pump was designed for investigation in laboratory, and the water was chosen as a fluid with its input volumetric rate of fi(t) [cm3/min]. The output volumetric rate of fo(t) can be adjusted by changing the pump voltage of vpu(t) [volt]. The open loop experiment has given the steady state parameters, and it could then be used for calculating the dynamic parameters. This study has proposed the level control configuration of a 10 L pure capacitive tank system; liquid level in the tank h(t) was kept constant by manipulating the pump voltage of vpu(t); and the input water volumetric rate of fi(t) was considered as a disturbance. The P-only-control was implemented to control the level. Purposes of this study are to analyze the stability of the closed loop responses and to do the closed loop dynamic simulation. The closed loop mathematical model was solved analytically with Laplace Transform, and Routh-Hurwitz criterion was chosen to analyze the stability. Since the closed loop model was found in the 2nd order system, the response depended on the value of the damping coefficient (ζ), in which it was really affected by the controller gain (Kc). In order to examine the control configuration, the input water volumetric rate disturbance (with amount of ±14%) was made based on step function. Based on the stability analysis, a stable response would be achieved if the controller gain is negative (Kc<0) and the damping coefficient is positive (ζ>0). Based on the dynamic simulation, the controller gain was recommended in between -117.36 [volt/cm] and -1.17 [volt/cm] and the damping coefficient in between 0 and 1. This study also revealed that by tuning an appropriate controller gain, the fastest and the stable response would be achieved.

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