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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 16 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2014)" : 16 Documents clear

Standardization of the Electricity and Economic Potentials of Landfill gas (LFG) in Lagos, Nigeria. Christopher N AKUJIEZE; Imoukhuede Moses IDEHAI
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Globally, various practical data and scholarly estimations of the electricity potentials of landfill gas (LFG) have been forwarded and these can be juxtaposed for estimations in the megacity called Lagos. The calculated values were between 63.22- 700MW of derivable electricity. However, in order to limit observable disparities and ambiguities in these derivations and thus allow for more accurate projections, these estimations can be gauged using as template; -stoichiometry, establishing 50% of landfill gas as methane, assuming 50% of this volume as recoverable, and using a proposed engine efficiency of 30%. This standardization projects a theoretical mean achievable electrical power of 121.69 MW for the Lagos area from a population of about 21 million with a generation per capita (GPC) of 0.63kg with biodegradable content of about 60%. The yearly electrical energy was placed at 1,066,004.4 MWh with tariff revenue in excess of US$ 106.6 million /yr. An accruing carbon credit of about US$75.59 million /yr is expected from certified emission reduction (CER). The projected derivations can be used as models for evaluation of the landfill gas and electricity potentials in many parts of the world.

EXAMINATION OF THE SUNGKAI’S YOUNG LEAF EXTRACT (Peronema canescens) AS AN ANTIPIRETIC, IMMUNITY, ANTIPLASMODIUM AND TERATOGENITY IN MICE (Mus.muculus) Agus Martono Hadi Putranto
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The research of examination extract sungkai’s young leafs as an antipyretic, immunity, anti plasmodium and teratogenity in mice (Mus. Muculus) has been done. The aims of this research is examinations in infusa effectiveness extract of the young leafs in mice (Mus. Muculus). The object of this research used 50 males Webster’s species mice has 7 – 8 week olds, averages 30 gram in weight. Mice are divided into 5 groups in examination for antipyretic. Mice has been introduced the DPT-HB fever before. The first group as a negative control treated a pure water, second group as a positive control treated a paracetamol 1.08 mg/Kg w/w and rest of groups treated a young sungkai’s extract leafs in the concentration of 0.186 mg/Kg w/w, 0.375 mg/Kg w/w and 0.5625 mg/Kg w/w respectively. Measurements of the temperature toke in the duration of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Furthermore, in the immunity examination, mice also divided into 5 groups, first as a negative control treated a pure water, second group as a positive control treated 0.07 mg/Kg imunos w/w and respectively for the rest groups treated with young sungkai’s extract leafs in the concentration of 0.186 mg/Kg w/w, 0.375 mg/Kg w/w and 0.5625 mg/Kg w/w. These treatments held in gavage system with the duration at 24 hours. In examination amount of the leukocyte number, toke from the tail of the mice, has a result the dosage in 0.5625 mg/Kg w/w extract’s young leafs of sungkai could be decrease the temperature 29%, it is better than paracetamol treatment which could be decreased only 26% of temperature. In addition, for the immunity examination, the best dosage of the young sungkai’s extract leafs is 0.567 mg/Kg w/w, which It can increase 36% amount of the leukocyte number. This dosage is better than the positive control by using Imunos, which is can increase only 23% of the temperature.

Analysis of Causality Relationship of Components of Socio-ecological and Socio-economical System for Management of the Outermost Small Islands: A Case of Lingayan Island, Central Sulawesi Mohammad Saleh Lubis; Azis Nur Bambang; Sahala Hutabarat; Slamet Budi Prayitno
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Indonesia has more than 17,506 islands and 92 islands of them are outermost small islands. Lingayan is one of them located in Northwest of Sulawesi Island and it has geostrategic role to determine the sea boundaries of Indonesian State (NKRI) including the territorial seas, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. Recently, the coastal ecosystems of Lingayan has degraded and the island’s economy is weak so they cannot support the life’s survival of inhabiting people. This condition could weaken the geostrategic role in accordance with article 121 Chapter VIII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Based on the above reasons, the study aim to examine and assess the causal relation of components in the socio-ecological and socio-economical systems as a basis for management of the Lingayan Island with target on conservation of coastal ecosystems and growth of inhabitant’ business economic. Causalities relations within components were built using Statistic Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS method and 40 constructed indicators as well as determinate the suitability program using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research showed that there is relationship between the components of socio-ecological systems as indicated by the fit model of causal relation path diagram that provides chi square value = 236.994, RMSEA = 0.083, GFI = 0.884. Furthermore, there is relationship between the components of socio-economical that provides chi square value = 192.824, RMSEA = 0.081, GFI = 0.900. The most appropriate programs are seaweed cultivation (34.0%) and restoration (23.4%).

THE EFFECT OF INFLUENT CONCENTRATION AND HYDRAULIC LOADING RATE (HLR) TO BOD AND COD REMOVAL ON ARTIFICIAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT (GREY WATER) USING UASB REACTOR Syafrudin Syafrudin; Sudarno Sudarno; Purwanto Purwanto; Iin Novitasari
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is one of anaerobic biological treatment was develop in late 1970’s. UASB reactor is suitable for the tropic areas because it has a high temperature about 20°-30°C. Domestic wastewater is divided into two types, namely black water and grey water. But in this case used domestic grey water. Grey water is household wastewater from showers, sinks and kitchen. Grey water has a total 75% of the domestic wastewater volume. The research was conducted in laboratory scale. This study performed a variation of Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) and the influent concentration. There were 25 reactors include 5 variations of influent concentration and 5 Hydraulic Loading Rate’s (HLR) variation. The research could asses BOD5 and COD removal with treatment in UASB. Efficiency of BOD5 removal by varying the influent concentration and HLR was about 38%-75% and COD was about 40%-77%. The lower concentration could be increase efficiency BOD5 and COD removal. Influent concentration optimum occurred when middle concentration was about 840 mg/L COD and HLR optimum was 0,05 m3/m2/hour.

Comparison of intelligent systems, artificial neural networks and neural fuzzy model for prediction of gas hydrate formation rate Mohammad Javad Jalalnezhad; Mohammad Ranjbar; Amir Sarafi; Hossein Nezamabadi-Pour
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The main objective of this study was to present a novel approach for predication of gas hydrate formation rate based on the Intelligent Systems. Using a data set including about 470 data obtained from flow tests in a mini-loop apparatus, different predictive models were developed. From the results predicted by these models, it can be pointed out that the developed models can be used as powerful tools for prediction of gas hydrate formation rate with total errors of less than 4%.

The Autonomous Development Strategies of Micro and Small Entrepreneurs Through Coorporate Social Responsibility in Bogor District of West Java Faizal Maad; Sumardjo Sumardjo; Amiruddin Saleh; Pudji Muljono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The objective of this reseach were to: (1) analyze the level of autonomous of mikro and small entreprise (SMEs) entrepreneurs are empowered through Coorporate Social Responsibility (CSR); (2) analyze the dominant factors that influence autonomous of MSEs entrepreneurs are empowered through CSR; and (3) formulate an appropriate a strategy in developing autonomy of MSEs entrepreneurs through CSR. The reseach was conduct in the village built two companies running CSR in Bogor district involved 212 (SMEs) entrepreneurs which determined from population (450 SMEs entrepreneurs) by Solvin formula with level of error 5 % and drawn by cluster random sampling. Data collection was conducted from July to November 2013, and consisted the primary and secondary data. Data analysis was simulated by using structural equation model (SEM ). The results showed that the degree of autonomous MSEs entrepreneurs is low, its core was 36.89 out of 100.00. There are three strategies that must be done to develop of autonomous MSEs entrepreneurs through CSR, such as; (a) an increase the empowerment sustainable of MSEs entrepereneurs (b) improve the quality of the environment supporting MSEs and (c) an increase in intensity of empowerment for MSEs entrepreneurs.

Potential Development of Liquid Smoke from Oil Palm Solid Waste as Biofungicides Asri Gani; Husni Husni; Akhmad Baihaqi; M. Faisal
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

This research investigated the potential utilization of solid waste from palm oil industry for liquid smoke production in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The liquid smoke can be applied as bio fungicides in agricultural field. Preliminary experiment on the use of liquid smoke as fungicide at Colletotrichum capsisi fungus which causes anthracnose disease on red pepper was also conducted. The survey on the existing potential/availability of palm oil mill in Aceh shows that there are 30 palm oil mills in eight districts with a total of production capacity 1020 ton/hour. Assuming that 10% of palm oil kernel shells are pyrolized into liquid smoke, Aceh province could produce about 23,868 ton of liquid smoke per year. The preliminary test result towards Colletotrichum capsisi fungus shows that the liquid smoke can be used as fungicides.

Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Mangrove Ecosystem, Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan Anugrah A Budiarsa; Samsul Rizal
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Mangrove forest in Kutai National Park (KNP) is considered as nature-protected ecosystem. This forest ecosystem has high productivity ecosystem roles as feeding source, spawning and conservation area for water organism living in this surrounding area such as fishes, crustacean, mollusk and others. At the mangrove floor, mangrove is a benthic ecosystem that utilizes organic material either produced from mangrove itself or land sedimentation. This research was conducted using quadrant transect method with 10 observation stations. Collected data were identified, summed and analyzed. Community structure was analyzed by determining the diversity index, homogenous index and dominant index. The research showed that Makrozoobenthos found at the research location was 17 species which divided into 12 families and 3 classes. The smallest number was found in Lombok Bay (station number 8) with 6 species. The largest number was found in Perancis Cape (station number 9) with 15 species. The diversity index of community structure ranged from 1,7 to 2,4. This indicated that the community diversity was at moderate level (1,5<N<3) with good homogenous index 0,8-1

Immobilized bacteria by using PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) crosslinked with Sodium sulfate Dinh Van Pham; Leu Tho Bach
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

A new bacteria immobilization technique using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) crosslink with sodium sulfate was developed. This new technique can simultaneously eliminate the agglomeration of PVA beads and the toxicity of boric acid caused by the PVA-boric methods, also reducing the swelling (when soaking in water) of PVA-boric methods. Beads were immobilized by using four different PVA immobilization processes to create group B, group N, group P and group S. The stability, swelling, relative mechanical strength of these kinds of beads were compared in this study. Only group S was the best and chosen to do experiment for checking survival of bacteria after immobilization process and TOC removal performance of anaerobic reactor. The TOC removal performance of anaerobic reactor achieved 80-87%.

Adsorption Desorption of Chromium (III) Ion on Cellulose from Wood Powder Risfidian Mohadi; Nurlisa Hidayati; Aldes Lesbani
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

This study of adsorption desorption of chromium ion on cellulose from wood powder has been carried out systematically and also wood powder was used as adsorbent control in this research. Adsorption process was studied through investigation of adsorption time and variation of chromium ion in the adsorption. Desorption process was investigated using several desorption reagents such as hydrochloric acid, ammonium acetate, sodium EDTA, and water. Data of adsorption time of chromium ion on cellulose and wood powder was calculated to obtain adsorption rate constant of chromium ion. Then the data of variation concentration of chromium was formulated to obtain adsorption capacity of chromium ion on cellulose and wood powder. The results showed that adsorption rate constant of chromium on cellulose is 0.007 min-1 and 0.002 min-1 for wood powder. Adsorption capacity of chromium ion on cellulose is higher than on wood powder while 76.92 mol/g for cellulose and 55.56 mol/g for wood powder. The results of desorption using various desorption shows sodium EDTA is appropriate reagent for desorption of chromium ion on both cellulose and wood powder. Keywords - adsorption, cellulose, chromium, desorption.

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