International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy Architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen Production Technology, Energy Policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency and management The journal was first introduced in February 2012 and regularly published online three times a year (February, July, October).
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<![CDATA[Experimental Evaluation of Thermohydraulic Performance of Tubular Solar Air Heater ]]>
<![CDATA[Yousif Fateh Midhat]]>;
<![CDATA[Issam Mohammed Ali Aljubury]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.45312
<![CDATA[The thermohydraulic performance of a new design solar air heater (SAH) design was examined experimentally in this paper as a trial to improve the flat-plate SAH’s efficiency. A flat-plate solar air heater (FPSAH) and a jacketed tubular solar air heater (JTSAH) having similar dimensions were constructed to compare their thermal performance efficiencies. A band of Aluminum jacketed tubes were arranged side by side in parallel to the airflow direction to form the absorber of a jacketed tubular solar air heater (JTSAH). The experiments were accomplished at three mass flow rates (MFR)s: 0.011 kg/s. 0.033 kg/s, and 0.055 kg/s. Results revealed that the maximum temperature difference was obtained from JTSAH at 38°C in comparison to 32°C from the FPSAH at MFR of 0.011 kg/s. The thermal losses from the upper glass cover of the JTSAH were less than the same losses at the FPSAH due to the reduced absorber and glass temperatures of the JTSAH. The gained power was higher at the JTSAH than the FPSAH. At the JTSAH, at 0.055 kg/s MFR, the maximum average thermal efficiency obtained was 81%, and the maximum average thermos-hydraulic efficiency obtained was 75.61 %. It is noted that increasing the MFR increases the thermal efficiency, also, its optimum value rises the thermos-hydraulic efficiency to a specific optimum point. The pressure drop increases with the MFR and JTSAH compared to the FPSAH]]>
<![CDATA[The Conductivity Enhancement of 1.5Li2O-P2O5 Solid Electrolytes by Montmorillonite Addition ]]>
<![CDATA[Yustinus Purwamargapratala]]>;
<![CDATA[Anne Zulfia Syahrial]]>;
<![CDATA[Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Evvy Kartini]]>;
<![CDATA[Heri Jodi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.47425
<![CDATA[Most solid electrolyte materials have not shown enough conductivity to be used as an electrolyte for a battery in electronic devices. The mixture of 1.5 Li2O and P2O5 has been reported to show a good conductivity higher than that of Li3PO4, which is thought to be due to phase mixtures that are formed during manufacturing process. Montmorillonite (MMT) was used to explore the effect of phase mixture on conductivity of new 1.5Li2O-P2O5-MMT solid electrolyte composite, which was prepared through conventional solid-state reaction procedures. This study was conducted, how the addition of MMT affects process of forming 1.5Li2O-P2O5-MMT compound, and whether it influences electrical properties and permittivity of compound. Morphology, hygroscopicity, and electrochemical characteristics of this material were analyzed in this study. The shape of glassy-like flakes was reduced in micrographs, and granular lumps were getting larger as MMT was added. Addition also tended to reduce hygroscopicity, as indicated by a reduced rate of porous absorption. Whole Nyquist plot consisted of only one imperfect semicircular arc, indicating only one relaxation process occurred in materials. Capacitance of all arcs indicated main contribution of response was from bulk material. Slope of dielectric loss of samples indicated that conduction in the samples was mainly dominated by dc conduction. MMT clays acted as a medium that absorbed liquid phase in solid-state reaction, increasing formation of dominant phase, which determined total conductivity of compound. Conductivity was higher than that of Li4P2O7, where the sample of 20 wt% MMT addition was most polarizable and most dielectric compound.]]>
<![CDATA[The Role of Membrane, Feed Characteristic and Process Parameters on RED Power Generation ]]>
<![CDATA[Heru Susanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Meike Fitrianingtyas]]>;
<![CDATA[I Nyoman Widiasa]]>;
<![CDATA[Titik Istirokhatun]]>;
<![CDATA[Yunita Fahni]]>;
<![CDATA[Assalaam Umar Abdurahman]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.49775
<![CDATA[Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a renewable energy-generating SGE technique using energy from salinity gradients. This research investigates the effect of membrane and feed characteristics on reverse electrodialysis (RED) power generation. Some investigations on the process parameters effect for the complement of the main study were also conducted. The generated power of RED was measured using power density analysis. The experiments were performed using artificial seawater varied from 0 to 1 g/L NaCl for diluted salt water and from 0 to 40 g/L NaCl for concentrated salt water. In a study of ions type, NaCl non-pa is used to represent monovalent ions, and MgSO4 represents divalent ions. The results showed that the highest voltage generation is 2.004 volts by 14 cells number of the RED membrane utilizing a RED self-made laboratory scale. The power density was enhanced by raising the flow rate (0.10 L/min), concentration difference (40 g/L), and the presence of electrode rinse solution. Further, the ion type (monovalent, divalent, and multivalent) influenced the resulting RED power density, where the divalent ion (MgSO4) 's power density was greater than that of the monovalent ion (NaCl). The resistance and selectivity of the membrane were the major keys for the power generation of RED]]>
<![CDATA[Consistent Regime-Switching Lasso Model of the Biomass Proximate Analysis Higher Heating Value ]]>
<![CDATA[Akara Kijkarncharoensin]]>;
<![CDATA[Supachate Innet]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.47831
<![CDATA[Prediction accuracy is crucial for higher heating value (HHV) models to promote renewable biomass energy, especially its consistency is crucial when retraining data and knowledge of the range are unavailable. Current HHV models lack consistency in accuracy and interpretability due to various reasons. Thus, this study aimed to construct an interpretable and consistent proximate-based biomass HHV model on a wide-range dataset. The model, regime-lasso, integrated the concepts of regime-switching, lasso regression, and federated averaging to construct a consistent HHV model. The regime-switching partitioned the dataset into optimal regimes, and the lasso trained the regime models. The regime-lasso model is a collection of these models. It provided root mean square error of 0.4430– 0.9050, mean absolute error of 0.2743–0.6867, and average absolute error of 1.512–4.5894% in the literature’s wide-range datasets. The Kruskal–Wallis test confirmed the in-sample performance consistency at α=0.05, regardless of the training sets. In the out-of-sample situations without retraining, the model preserved its accuracy in six out of 11 datasets at α = 0.01. The interpretability of regime-lasso indicated the regime characteristic to be a factor of inconsistent prediction. The increase in FC had the maximum positive impact on HHV in the 2nd and 3rd regimes, while the increase in ASH negatively impacted the 1st and 2nd regimes. VM variation had neutral effects in all regimes. The regime-lasso solves the issues of accuracy declination and addresses the challenges in sensitivity analysis of the HHV model. The prediction accuracy issues of the model’s direct implementation were fixed.]]>
<![CDATA[An Investigation into the Role of Tourism Growth, Conventional Energy Consumption and Real Income on Ecological Footprint Nexus in France ]]>
<![CDATA[Marymagdaline Enowmbi Tarkang]]>;
<![CDATA[Fetus Fatai Adedoyin]]>;
<![CDATA[Festus Victor Bekun]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.43246
<![CDATA[Previously documented studies in the literature on how tourism leads to economic growth in the form of tourism-led growth hypotheses (TLGH) has been investigated. This study presents a new perspective on the growth of tourism by considering its impact on conventional energy consumption, real income level, and emission via the channel of globalization. Sequences of econometric tests were conducted to validate the hypothesized claims between tourism development and growth impact on conventional energy consumption and pollution proxy by ecological footprints, globalization GDP per capita, biocapacity, and tourists for the case of France. Empirical evidence from the Granger causality test presents a uni-directional causality from ecological footprints to GDP per capita and from biocapacity to ecological footprints. The correlation matrix shows interrelation amongst series with biocapacity significantly correlating with ecological footprints with tourist’s arrival having a positive correlation with ecological footprints and a negative one with biocapacity. GPD per capita was found to positively affect the ecological footprints and have a negative correlation with biocapacity and a significant relationship with tourists' arrivals. Additionally, globalization exerts a positive impact on ecological footprints, and its effect on biocapacity was found to be negative although globalization's effect on tourists’ arrivals and per capita GDP is significant. The ARDL estimation indicated biocapacity as a neutral agent for ecological footprints, tourist arrivals having a negative impact on ecological footprints, and globalization significantly affecting ecological footprints. From these findings, it is evident that tourism growth has a significant impact on energy consumption and pollution. Policy recommendations were also provided in this study accordingly. ]]>
<![CDATA[The Various Designs of Storage Solar Collectors: A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Omer K Ahmed]]>;
<![CDATA[Sameer Algburi]]>;
<![CDATA[Raid W. Daouda]]>;
<![CDATA[Hawazen N Shubat]]>;
<![CDATA[Enas F Aziz]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.45969
<![CDATA[The use of solar energy to heat water is the more critical application of solar energy. Researchers are trying to develop different methods to improve the efficiency of solar water heaters to meet the increasing demand for hot water due to global population growth. To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of solar heaters, the solar collector and the storage tank are combined into one part, and this system is called solar storage collector. It can be defined as geometric shapes filled with water, painted black, and placed under the influence of sunlight to gain the largest amount of solar energy. This article presents the various designs of solar storage collector. This review showed that design variables and design shape significantly affect the efficiency of the solar heating system. Climate and operational factors also have a strong influence on the performance of solar heating. Furthermore, scientists and researchers have also used nanotechnology, solar cells, and mirrors to improve other stored solar collectors' performance. Finally, recently published articles indicate an increase in interest in improving the efficiency of solar storage collector by creating new designs that enhance the economic and practical viability.]]>
<![CDATA[Numerical Analysis of Transfer of Heat by Forced Convection in a Wavy Channel ]]>
<![CDATA[Naseer Abboodi Madlool]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed J Alshukri]]>;
<![CDATA[Ammar I Alsabery]]>;
<![CDATA[Adel A Eidan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ishak Hashim]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.46838
<![CDATA[Convective heat transfer of laminar forced convection in a wavy channel is studied in this paper. Numerical simulations of the 3D steady flow of Newtonian fluid and heat transfer characteristics are obtained by the finite element method. The effects of the Reynolds number (10 ≤Re≤1000), number of oscillations (0 ≤N≤5) and amplitude of the wall (0.05 ≤A≤0.2) on the heat transfer have been analyzed. The results show that the average Nusselt number is elevated as the Reynolds number is raised, showing high intensity of heat transfer, as a result of the intensified effects of the inertial and zones of recirculation close to the hot wavy wall. The rate of heat transfer increases about 0.28% with the rise of the number of oscillations. In the transfer of heat along a wavy surface, the number of oscillations and the wave amplitude are important factors. With an increment in the number of oscillations, the maximal value of the average velocity is elevated, and its minimal value occurs when the channel walls are straight. The impact of the wall amplitude on the average Nusselt number and dimensionless temperature tends to be stronger compared to the impact of the number of oscillations. An increase of the wall amplitude improves the rate of heat transfer about 0.91% when the Reynolds number is equal 100. In addition, when the Reynolds number is equal 500, the rate of heat transfer grows about 1.1% with the rising of the wall amplitude.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization and Analysis of a Low-Pressure Water Scrubbing Biogas Upgrading System via the Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology Approaches ]]>
<![CDATA[Gad Reuben Mugagga]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaiah Bosire Omosa]]>;
<![CDATA[Thomas Thoruwa]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48269
<![CDATA[Biogas upgrading is essential in order to increase the calorific value and improve the quality of raw biogas. This present study aims at investigating the optimum performance of a near atmospheric pressure water scrubbing (NAPWS) system for biogas upgrading while using both the adsorption and absorption techniques. This was achieved through a two-stage process: namely, the Taguchi approach followed by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Taguchi orthogonal array design consisted of 27 runs where the raw biogas pressure (10 - 30 kPa), liquid flow rates (2.6 - 4.2 l/ min.) and variations of the steel wool height (0 - 45.72 cm) in the adsorption column were experimentally studied with respect to the methane (CH4) yield and removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). From the experiments, the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide was greater than 87% with the average bio-methane content of 77.67%. During the second-stage, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the RSM were undertaken for optimization of the process parameters. The optimum bio-methane concentration of 84.71 (%v/v) CH4 and 13.31 (%v/v) CO2 was attained at gas pressure of 14kPa, liquid flow rate of 4.2 l/min., and steel wool height at 22.86cm obtained through numerical optimization. These results revealed that the utilization of the Taguchi and the RSM yielded to the best optimal system performance with the liquid flow rate as the most significant factor]]>
<![CDATA[Study of Two Layered Immiscible Fluids Flow in a Channel with Obstacle by Using Lattice Boltzmann RK Color Gradient Model ]]>
<![CDATA[Salaheddine Channouf]]>;
<![CDATA[Youssef Admi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Jami]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Amine Moussaoui]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.46696
<![CDATA[Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed in the current work to simulate two-phase flows of immiscible fluids over a square obstacle in a 2D computational domain using the Rothman-Keller color gradient model. This model is based on the multiphase Rothman-Keller description, it is used to separate two fluids in flow and to assess its efficacy when treating two fluids in flow over a square obstacle with the objective of reducing turbulence by adjusting the viscosities of the two fluids. This turbulence can cause major problems such as interface tracking techniques in gas-liquid flow and upward or downward co-current flows in pipes. So, the purpose of the study is to replace a single fluid with two fluids of different viscosities by varying these viscosities in order to reduce or completely eliminate the turbulence. The results show that to have stable, parallel and non-overlapping flows behind the obstacle, it is necessary that the difference between the viscosities of the fluids be significant. Also, showing that the increase in the viscosity ratio decreases the time corresponding to the disappearance of the vortices behind the obstacle. The results presented in this work have some general conclusions: For M≥2, the increase in the viscosity difference leads to an increasing of friction between fluids, reducing of average velocity of flow and decreasing the time corresponding to the disappearance of the vortices behind the obstacle. However, for M≤1/2, the opposite occurs.]]>
<![CDATA[An Improvement of Catalytic Converter Activity Using Copper Coated Activated Carbon Derived from Banana Peel ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdul Hamid]]>;
<![CDATA[Misbakhul Fatah]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyu Budi Utomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Ike Dayi Febriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Zeni Rahmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Annafiyah Annafiyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Aurista Miftahatul Ilmah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48739
<![CDATA[The emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) from vehicle exhaust gas generates an adverse effect to the environment as well as the human health. Therefore, the need to reduce such emission is urgent. The decrease of the emission can be achieved through the use of catalytic converter. This study explains the application of catalytic converter prepared from activated carbon to enhance the activity through its adsorption ability. The activated carbon was derived from banana peels after heating them up at 400 ºC for 1.5 hours and activation using natrium hydroxide (NaOH). Several techniques including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were adopted to characterize the activated carbon properties. The activated carbon formed was then coated with copper. The activity of the catalytic converter using activated carbon coated with copper was then tested for its performance on diesel engine Yanmar TF 70 LY-DI with variations in the number of catalyst layers, namely 1 layer (C1), 2 layers (C2) and 3 layers (C3). Sample with three layers (C3) of catalyst exhibited the highest activity with the percentage efficiency in reducing emissions concentration of 48.76 %; 31.27 % and 29.35 % for NOx, NO and CO, respectively.]]>
