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Media Akuakultur

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Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Bone

ISSN : 19076762 EISSN : 25029460 DOI : 10.15578/ma

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Media Akuakultur as source of information in the form of the results of research and scientific review (review) in the field of applied aquaculture including genetics and reproduction, biotechnology, nutrition and feed, fish health and the environment, and land resources in aquaculture.

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Articles 6 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)" : 6 Documents clear

MODEL ESTIMASI POTENSI DAN ARAH PENGEMBANGAN LAHAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA TAMBAK DI KABUPATEN CIREBON PROVINSI JAWA BARAT Tarunamulia Tarunamulia; Akhmad Faisal; Hasnawi Hasnawi
Media Akuakultur Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Hingga tahun 2011 pemanfaatan lahan untuk budidaya tambak di Indonesia tercatat baru mencapai 23% (682.857 ha) dari total 2.963.717 ha estimasi potensi lahan yang ada. Potensi yang belum termanfaatkan tersebut menjadi salah faktor pemicu terjadinya ekstensifikasi tambak dengan hamparan yang cukup luas di berbagai kawasan pantai di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menjelaskan alternatif model estimasi potensi dan arah pengembangan tambak yang dikelola secara tradisional plus di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Estimasi luas tambak eksisting dilakukan melalui analisis multi-spektral citra landsat 8 (resolusi spasial 30 m) untuk kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Cirebon. Potensi pengembangan wilayah tambak didekati dengan membangun tiga sub-model yang terdiri atas; a) potensi konversi lahan (land conversion); b) ketersedian air (water availability); dan c) zona penyangga (buffer zone). Hasil estimasi spasial luas tambak eksisting dan model arah pengembangan tambak diverifikasi melalui observasi lapang dan citra resolusi tinggi (WorldView-2 dan GoogleEarth) yang tersedia secara parsial di beberapa wilayah kawasan tambak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa luas tambak di Kabupaten Cirebon sudah mencapai ± 7.700 ha pada tahun 2014 atau bertambah sekitar 200 ha sejak tahun 2011. Arah pengembangan lahan potensial terjadi di Kecamatan Losari sehubungan dengan karakteristik fisik lahan dan status pemanfaatan yang masih rendah. Potensi dan arah pengembangan tambak tersebut harus dimonitor dan dievaluasi sehubungan dengan potensi konflik dengan penggunaan lahan pantai lainnya seperti sektor (pertanian, peternakan, kehutanan, industri, dan pemukiman) untuk menjamin keberlanjutan dan tingkat produktivitas.The total area for brackishwater or land-based aquaculture in Indonesia was estimated about 2,963,717 hectares in 2011, of which, only about 23% are in operation. This large potential area is one of the factors triggering the pond extensification across Indonesia’s islands. This study presents an alternative estimation model of existing and potential development area of extensive brackishwater ponds in Cirebon, West Java Province. To estimate the total area of existing ponds, a multi-spectral analysis of Landsat 8 imagery (30 m) was employed. The potential development of pond area was approached with the construction of three sub-models namely; a) land conversion; b) water availability; and c) buffer zone. The estimated ponds area and their direction of potential development were verified through field observations and the use of partially available high resolution imagery (e.g. WorldView-2 and GoogleEarth image). The analysis showed that the total pond area in Cirebon regency reached about 7,700 ha in 2014, or has expanded to around 200 ha since 2011. The potential expansion of brackiswater aquaculture area is predicted to occur in Losari sub-district considering the suitability of physical characteristics of existing land as well as availability. The potential and direction of development area should be monitored and evaluated with respect to potential conflicts with other coastal land uses (agriculture, livestocks, forestry, industrial and residential areas) for the sustainability and productivity of the existing brackishwater aquaculture.

KLONING GEN PUTATIVE CLEAVAGE PROTEIN 1 (PCP-1) PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) YANG TERSERANG INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS Hessy Novita; Agus Sunarto; Septyan Andriyanto
Media Akuakultur Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Penanggulangan penyakit ikan dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh ikan melalui program vaksinasi. Namun vaksinasi tidak tepat untuk udang, karena udang tidak mempunyai immunological memory seperti ikan. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan udang terhadap serangan penyakit viral dengan menggunakan RNA interference (RNAi). Teknologi RNAi digunakan untuk menghalangi (interfere) proses replikasi infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) pada udang vaname dengan cara menon-aktifkan gen putative cleavage protein 1 (PCP-1), yang berfungsi dalam pembentukan capsid dan proses transkripsi RNA IMNV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kloning gen putative cleavage protein 1 dalam rangka perakitan teknologi RNAi untuk pengendalian penyakit IMNV pada udang vaname. Tahapan penelitian meliputi koleksi sampel, isolasi RNA, sintesis cDNA, amplifikasi PCR, purifikasi DNA, transformasi, isolasi plasmid, serta sekuensing dan analisis data. Hasil isolasi plasmid cDNA PCP-1 memperlihatkan semua koloni bakteri terseleksi ternyata membawa plasmid hasil insersi DNA gen PCP–1, hasil sekuen dengan nilai homologinya mencapai 100% dan 99% yang dibandingkan dengan sekuen di Genebank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kloning gen putative cleavage protein 1 (PCP-1) dari udang vaname yang terserang Infectious Myonecrosis Virus berhasil dikloning yang nantinya digunakan untuk perakitan RNAi.The prevention of fish diseases can be done by increasing of the fish immune through vaccination programs. However, the vaccination can not be done for the shrimp,due to the absence of immunological memory. Therefore, the protection of shrimp against viral diseases was done by using of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi technology is used to interfere infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) replication process on white shrimp by disabling of putative cleavage protein 1 (PCP-1)gene, which functions in capsid formation and RNA transcription process. The study was conducted to perform putative cleavage protein I gene cloning in the framework of RNAi technologies for IMNV disease control in white shrimp. This study consisted of sample collection, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, PCR amplification, DNA purification, transformation, plasmid isolation, sequencing and data analysis.The cDNA PCP-1 plasmid isolation showeds that all selected bacterial colonies appeared lead insertion plasmid DNA PCP-1 gene with100% and 99% sequence homology compared to sequence in Genebank. The results exhibited that the putative cleavage protein 1 (PCP-1) gene cloning from infectedwhite shrimp of IMNV was completed successfully and used for the framework of RNAi.

ANALISIS KAWASAN POTENSIAL UNTUK TAMBAK SUPER-INTENSIF DI PESISIR KABUPATEN BARRU PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN Hasnawi Hasnawi; Tarunamulia Tarunamulia; Akhmad Mustafa
Media Akuakultur Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Tambak teknologi super-intensif tidak memerlukan lahan budidaya yang luas, produksi yang tinggi dimungkinkan dengan padat tebar tinggi dan input teknologi. Keberhasilan teknologi ini sangat ditentukan oleh lokasi budidaya yang tepat, infrastruktur yang memadai dan memenuhi standar, dilengkapi instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL), serta dukungan faktor sosial yang menjadi penentu penerapan dan keberlanjutannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi potensial pengembangan tambak super-intensif di kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Barru Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pada tahap awal, kawasan pesisir yang potensial diidentifikasi melalui analisis elevasi lahan dari citra satelit Aster GDEM dan penggunaan lahan dari data Google Earth. Selanjutnya faktor sosial berupa potensi konflik dengan penggunaan lahan saat ini menjadi data awal yang dikumpulkan sebelum dilakukan pengukuran variabel lain. Variabel yang diobservasi langsung antara lain; elevasi lahan, tekstur tanah, ketersediaan infrastruktur pendukung, pasang surut, penggunaan lahan saat ini, dan kualitas perairan dilakukan di sekitar lokasi potensial terpilih. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi potensial dijumpai di Desa Pancana Kecamatan Tanete Rilau dengan luas kawasan sekitar 17,5 ha. Variabel yang diidentifikasi menjadi pembatas utama untuk pengembangan tambak super-intensif di kawasan tersebut adalah elevasi lahan dan keberadaan potensi konflik dengan penggunaan lahan saat ini.A super-intensive pond technology does not require extensive land cultivation, however the high production is expected from its ability to increase stocking density particularly for vannamei species. The success of this technology is highly depend upon proper site selection, availability of supporting infrastructure, the availability of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and supporting of social factor determining the implementation and sustainability. The objective of this study was to determine the potential sites for the development of super-intensive pond in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Social factors such as potential conflicts with existing land uses were employed as quick assessment prior to the measurement of other variables including: land elevation, soil texture, availability of supporting infrastructure, tidal characteristics, and existingland uses. These biophysical variables were collected through a direct observation in the potential coastal areas which were previously delineated through the analysis of land elevation data from GDEM Aster satellite imagery, Google Earth data, and secondary data. Data were analysed using geographic information system (GIS). The analysis identified a total of 17.5 ha coastal area located in Pancana Village, Tanete Rilau District to be a suitable location for super-intensive aquaculture ponds of vanname shrimp. The major constraining variables for super-intensive ponds development in the study site were land elevation and the presence of potential conflict with existing land uses.

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN KRABLET KEPITING BAKAU, Scylla olivacea, YANG DIBERI PAKAN DENGAN DOSIS BERBEDA SELAMA PERIODE PENDEDERAN Usman Usman; Kamaruddin Kamaruddin; Neltje Nobertine Palinggi; Asda Laining
Media Akuakultur Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Jumlah pemberian pakan yang tepat sangat penting dalam periode pendederan krablet kepiting bakau karena pada periode tersebut tingkat kanibalisme krablet sangat tinggi. Informasi dosis pemberian pakan pada krablet ini masih sangat kurang khususnya dengan penggunaan pakan buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan dan sintasan krablet kepiting bakau yang diberi pakan buatan dengan dosis berbeda selama periode pendederan. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah krablet kepiting bakau dengan bobot awal rata-rata 0,038 g dan lebar karapas awal rata-rata 3,25 mm. Krablet dipelihara dalam bak berukuran 1,0 m × 1,0 m × 0,5 m sebanyak sembilan unit, dengan kepadatan awal masing-masing 50 ekor/bak. Tiga level dosis pakan harian yang dicobakan yaitu: 20%, 30%, dan 40% dari biomassa dan diberikan pada pagi dan sore hari selama lima minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua minggu pertama periode pendederan, pemberian dosis pakan 20% memiliki sintasan yang lebih rendah (P<0,05) dibandingkan dosis pakan 30% dan 40%. Namun pada akhir penelitian, laju pertumbuhan, sintasan, rasio konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, dan rasio efisiensi protein tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) di antara perlakuan. Pada pendederan krablet kepiting bakau, dosis pemberian pakan harian sebaiknya sebanyak 30% pada dua minggu pertama hingga krablet berukuran 0,2-0,3 g (lebar karapas 8-10 mm), selanjutnya 20% pada minggu ke-3, 15% pada minggu ke-4, dan 10% pada minggu ke-5.Appropriate feeding rate applied during nursery of mud crab crablet is important due to high cannibalism occurred at this stage. The information on feeding rates for crablet during nursery is still limited, in particularly the used of artificial diet. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance and survival rate of mud crab crablet fed artificial feed at different feeding rates during the nursery. The crablets with average initial weight of 0.038 g and initial carapace width of 3.25 mm were used in this study. The crablets were stocked in nine tanks sizing of 1.0 m × 1.0 m × 0.5 m each, with the initial density of 50 crablets/tank. Three daily feeding rates were tested at 20%, 30%, and 40% of the biomass and fed twice in the morning and afternoon for five weeks of observation. Finding indicated that for the first two weeks, feeding rate of 20% showed a lower survival rate (P<0.05) than the feeding rate of 30% and 40%. However, at the end of the feeding trial, the survival rate, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments. It is recommended that at the first two weeks, daily feeding rate of 30% can be given to the crablets until they reach 0.2-0.3 g with the carapace width around 8-10 mm, and further it reduce to 20% in the 3rd week, 15% in the 4th week, and10% in the 5th week.

PERFORMA REPRODUKSI IKAN LELE MUTIARA (Clarias gariepinus) Bambang Iswanto; Rommy Suprapto; Huria Marnis; Imron Imron
Media Akuakultur Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Ikan lele Mutiara merupakan salah satu strain ikan lele Afrika (Clarias gariepinus) yang memiliki keunggulan performa pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, keseragaman ukuran, serta ketahanan terhadap penyakit dan lingkungan. Pengggunaan benih ikan lele Mutiara dalam kegiatan budidaya dapat menghasilkan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi, sehingga permintaan benihnya semakin meningkat. Jumlah dan kualitas benih yang dihasilkan ditentukan oleh karakteristik reproduksi induknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa reproduksi ikan lele Mutiara, antara lain umur awal matang gonad, indeks gonadosomatik dan ovisomatik, fekunditas, derajat fertilisasi, derajat penetasan, dan waktu rematurasi. Penentuan umur awal matang gonad dilakukan melalui pembedahan calon induk ikan lele Mutiara sejak berumur empat bulan. Pengamatan indeks gonadosomatik dan ovisomatik, fekunditas, derajat fertilisasi, derajat penetasan, dan waktu rematurasi dilakukan terhadap induk ikan lele Mutiara berumur 10 bulan yang digunakan dalam proses pemijahan alami dan buatan. Calon induk dan induk ikan lele Mutiara yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dipelihara dalam kolam tanah dan diberi pakan buatan komersial dengan kadar protein 30% untuk calon induk dan 35% untuk induk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan lele Mutiara mulai matang gonad pada umur lima bulan. Induk jantan ikan lele Mutiara yang matang gonad memiliki indeks gonadosomatik sebesar 0,22%-1,47%; sedangkan indeks ovisomatik induk betina berkisar 10,30%-21,33%; dengan fekunditas berkisar 72.700-165.900 butir/kg bobot induk (rata-rata 102.400 ± 25.000 butir/kg bobot induk). Pemijahan buatan induk ikan lele Mutiara menghasilkan derajat fertilisasi berkisar 76,53%-99,22% (rata-rata 91,48 ± 5,38%) dan derajat penetasan berkisar 64,93%-91,96% (rata-rata 80,45 ± 6,28%). Waktu rematurasi induk jantan ikan lele Mutiara sekitar dua minggu, sedangkan pada induk betina selama 1,5 bulan.Mutiara is one of several strains of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which has various superior traits related to growth, feed efficiency, size homogeneity, and resistance to disease and environmental conditions. The use of the Mutiara seed for aquaculture resulted in a higher productivity, thus demands of the seed significantly increased. Quantity and quality of the seed depend on reproductive characteristics of the broodstocks. The present study was carried out to explore reproductive performances of Mutiara strain broodstocks including the age of first maturity, gonadosomatic and ovisomatic index, fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and rematuration period. Determination on the age of first maturity was conducted through dissection of the prematured fish since the fish were at four months of age. Observations on the gonadosomatic and ovisomatic index, fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and rematuration period were conducted on the broodstocks with 10 months of age used for both artificial and natural breedings. The results suggested that the first maturity of Mutiara strain was attained at five months of age. Gonadosomatic index of mature male Mutiara strain ranged 0.22%-1.47%, while ovisomatic index for the female were in a range of 10.30%-21.33% with fecundity ranged 72,000-165,900 eggs/kg of body weight (mean of 102,400 ± 25,000 eggs/kg of body weight). Furthermore, artificial breeding of the broodstocks of Mutiara strain resulted in a range of 76.53%-99.22% (mean of 91.48 ± 5.38%) for fertilization rate and ranged 64.93%-91.96% (mean of 80.45 ±6.28%) for hatching rate. Rematuration of the male broodstocks of Mutiara strain occurred within two weeks, while the females took 1.5 months.

PRODUKTIVITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) HASIL SELEKSI DAN NON-SELEKSI PADA PEMELIHARAAN DI KOLAM TANAH Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi; Bambang Iswanto; Irsyaphiani Insan
Media Akuakultur Vol 11, No 1 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air tawar yang populer di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ikan lele di antaranya melalui perbaikan kualitas genetik. Upaya peningkatan kualitas genetik ikan lele untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan dilakukan melalui proses seleksi. Pengujian performa ikan lele hasil seleksi (strain Mutiara) pada skala komersial dilakukan dengan membandingkannya dengan strain non-seleksi (strain Paiton). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk membandingkan produktivitas dan profitabilitas budidaya ikan lele hasil seleksi dan non-seleksi yang dibesarkan di kolam tanah pada skala komersial. Ikan lele ukuran sekitar 2,5 g dipelihara di kolam tanah berukuran 50 m2 dengan kepadatan 200 ekor/m2. Pemeliharaan dilakukan sampai ikan mencapai ukuran panen (sekitar 100 g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan hasil seleksi memiliki laju pertumbuhan spesifik lebih tinggi (5,75 ± 1,25 g/hari), konversi pakan lebih rendah (0,90 ± 0,08), dan periode pemeliharaan lebih singkat (68 ± 13 hari) dibandingkan ikan non-seleksi (4,33 ± 0,70 g/hari; 1,09 ± 0,01; 90 ± 12 hari). Berdasarkan analisis bioekonomi, budidaya pembesaran ikan lele hasil seleksi mampu menekan biaya produksi hingga Rp2.365,00/kg dan mendatangkan rasio keuntungan (61,09 ± 5,17%) hampir dua kali lipat lebih tinggi dibandingkan non-seleksi (32,54 ± 4,12%).African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the freshwater aquaculture commodity that are popular in Indonesia. Various attempts had been conducted to increase its productivity including through genetic quality improvement. Efforts to improve the genetic quality of African catfish on growth trait was conducted by selection method. Evaluation the performance of improved strain of African catfish (Mutiara strain) on a commercial scale was done by comparing with local (non-improved) strain (Paiton strain). The purpose of this study was to compare the productivity and profitability of farming of improved strain and local strain of African catfish that were cultured in earthen ponds on commercial scale. African catfish with the size of about 2.5 g, were cultured in earthen pond measuring 50 m2 with a density of 200 fish/m2. Culture period was carried out until the fish reach harvest size (about 100 g). The results showed that improved strain showed a higher specific growth rate (5.75 ± 1.25 g/day), lower feed conversion ratio (0.90 ± 0.08), and shorter rearing period (68 ± 13 days) when compared to local strain (4.33 ± 0.70 g/day; 1.09 ± 0.01; 90 ± 12 days). Based on bioeconomy analysis, farming of improved strain reduced the production cost about 2,365 IDR/kg and achieved almost doubled benefit ratio (61.09 ± 5.17%) than local strain (32.54 ± 4.12%).

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Contact Name Muhammad Syahrir

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Editorial Address Jl. Sungai Musi Km. 09 Tanete Riattang Timur Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi

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Muhammad Syahrir

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ma.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

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Jl. Sungai Musi Km. 09 Tanete Riattang Timur Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi

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Kab. bone,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA