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Media Akuakultur
Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Bone
ISSN : 19076762     EISSN : 25029460     DOI : 10.15578/ma
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Media Akuakultur as source of information in the form of the results of research and scientific review (review) in the field of applied aquaculture including genetics and reproduction, biotechnology, nutrition and feed, fish health and the environment, and land resources in aquaculture.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)" : 6 Documents clear
KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN IKAN Tor tambroides YANG DIBERI PAKAN KOMERSIAL DENGAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN BERBEDA Deni Radona; Jojo Subagja; Irin Iriana Kusmini
Media Akuakultur Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (74.454 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.12.1.2017.27-33

Abstract

Protein merupakan nutrien yang sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kebutuhan protein optimal untuk pertumbuhan ikan Tor tambroides dan pengaruh kandungan protein pakan terhadap efisiensi pakannya. Benih ikan Tor yang digunakan berukuran panjang (1,5 ± 0,1 cm) dan bobot (0,08 ± 0,01 g). Benih ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 40 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm dengan ketinggian air 20 cm sebanyak 50 ekor. Selama 40 hari pemeliharaan benih ikan diberi pakan komersil berupa crumble dengan kandungan protein, (A) 25%, (B) 35%, dan (C) 50% sebanyak 20% per hari dari total biomassa ikan, pemberian pakan dengan frekuensi tiga kali sehari. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan Tor tambroides yang diberi pakan dengan kandungan protein sebesar 35% dan 50% memiliki pertumbuhan panjang, bobot, laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), biomassa, nisbah konversi pakan (FCR), dan efisiensi pakan yang sama (P>0,05) dan berbeda nyata pada pakan dengan kandungan protein 25% (P<0,05).Protein is a nutrient is which plays a major role in the growth of fish. This study was aimed to determine the optimal protein requirement for growing of Thai mahseer and the influence of different protein levels of feed on feed efficiency. The average length and weight of fish used were 1.5 ± 0.1 cm and 0.08 ± 0.01 g. The fish were reared in the aquarium (dimension= 40 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm filled with 20 cm of water and the stocking density of each aquarium was 50 individuals. During 40-day reared, seedling fish were fed by commercial crumble with different protein levels, (A) 25%, (B) 35%, and (C) 50%, as much as 20% of total weight every day with a feeding frequency of three times per day. This experiment was conducted by using completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications for each treatment. The results showed that Tor tambroides fed diets with protein levels of 35% and 50% was not significantly different on the growth value (length and weight), specific growth rate, biomass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency (P>0.05) and was significantly different on feed protein levels 25% (P<0.05).
Keragaan Fenotipe Ikan Tambakan (Helostoma temminkii. Cuvier 1829) Hasil Domestikasi (Takhasi) Otong Zenal Arifin; Wahyulia Cahyanti; Jojo Subagja; Anang Hari Kristanto
Media Akuakultur Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (155.064 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.12.1.2017.1-9

Abstract

Ikan tambakan berpotensi dibudidayakan karena memiliki keunggulan seperti kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap perairan dengan kadar oksigen terlarut rendah dan tergolong ikan dengan nilai fekunditas yang tinggi. Penelitian untuk mengetahui keragaan fenotipe ikan tambakan hasil domestikasi telah dilakukan di Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan, Bogor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi bentuk morfologi berdasarkan morfometrik, meristik, dan warna yang berguna dalam pengelolaan pembenihan dan budidaya ikan tambakan. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan bentuk tubuh dan genitalia ikan jantan dan betina, pengukuran bagian tubuh, penghitungan jumlah dan jenis jari sirip, linea lateralis, warna ikan dan morfometrik. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bentuk tubuh ikan jantan lebih ramping dibanding ikan betina, ikan betina mempunyai rasio panjang standar terhadap tinggi badan sebesar 2,08±0,117; ikan jantan sebesar 2,26±0,095. Rasio panjang standar terhadap lebar badan pada ikan jantan adalah 0,95±0,018 dan ikan betina 1,01±0,025. Nilai koefisien variasi (CV) rerata seluruh karakter tubuh tergolong rendah, dengan nilai 12,2±10,73. Karakter C4 (awal sirip dorsal-akhir sirip anal) merupakan karakter nilai CV paling rendah yaitu 3,2% dan karakter D1 (akhir sirip anal-awal sirip ekor bawah) mempunyai nilai CV tertinggi yaitu 43,8%. Berdasarkan karakter meristik dan warna, tidak terdapat perbedaan antara jantan dan betina. Warna ikan tambakan terdiri atas warna punggung hijau keabuan (TC 613), warna operculum hijau keperakan (TC 613), warna perut perak sampai keabuan (TC 521) dan warna gonad kuning oranye (TC 023).Kissing gouramy has potentially to be cultivated due to the ability to adapt on swampy waters and has high eggs fecundity. Research on phenotype performance of domesticated kissing gouramy was done at the Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture Research and Development, Bogor. The purpose of this study was to characterize morphological forms based on the morphometrics, meristics, and color of domesticated fish that will be useful in the aquaculture management. The data were collected through observation of body shape and genitalia of male and female fish, measurement of body parts, counting the number and the type of fin, linea lateralis, fish color and the morphometric measurement. The obtained results showed that the body shape of the male fish was slender than that of the female fish, the female fish had a ratio of standard length to the height of 2.08 ± 0.117, male fish of 2.26 ± 0.095. The standard length ratio to body width in male fish was 0.95 ± 0.018 and female fish was 1.01 ± 0.025. The mean value of coefficient variation (CV) of the whole body character was low, with value 12,2 ± 10,73. C4 character (beginning of dorsal fin-end of anal fin) was the lowest character of CV value of 3.2% and D1 character (final anal fin-bottom caudal fin) had the highest CV value of 43.8%. Based on the meristic and color character there was no difference between male and female. The dorsal, overculum, ventral part and matured gonad of domesticated kissing gouramy fish had gray-green colour (TC 613), silver-green colour (TC 613), silver-gray to silver colour (TC 521) and orange yellow colour (TC 023) respectively.
BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME DENGAN PADAT PENEBARAN TINGGI Rachman Syah; Makmur Makmur; Mat Fahrur
Media Akuakultur Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (122.653 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.12.1.2017.19-26

Abstract

Upaya meningkatkan produktivitas lahan tambak dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan padat penebaran disertai dengan pemberian akuinput yang prima serta dukungan teknologi yang memadai. Tiga padat penebaran yaitu 750; 1.000; dan 1.250 ekor/m2, diaplikasikan pada tambak dengan luasan 1.000 m2 dengan kedalaman air 1,8 m dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi berupa kincir dan root blower, pompa submersible, automatic feeder, central drain dan collector drain serta Instalasi Pengolah Air Limbah (IPAL). Kapasitas sistem aerasi adalah 500 kg biomassa udang/HP. Udang dipelihara selama 105 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat penebaran yang diaplikasikan menghasilkan bobot akhir udang yang relatif sama berkisar 15,48-16,30 (15,78±0,45) g/ekor dengan nilai pertumbuhan harian 0,16-0,18 (0,17±0,01) g/hari. Produksi yang diperoleh adalah 7.862; 10.699; dan 12.163 kg/petak, masing-masing pada padat penebaran 750; 1.000 dan 1.250 ekor/m2. Nilai rasio konversi pakan 1,4; 1,36; 1,55 dan kebutuhan listrik 3,2; 2,5; 2,4 kw/kg udang serta kebutuhan air 2,24; 1,66; 1,60 m3/kg udang. Biaya produksi udang terendah adalah Rp. 30.526/ kg udang pada padat penebaran 1.000 ekor/m2 dengan laba operasional sebesar Rp. 630.687.094/th. Padat penebaran 1.000 ekor/m2 menghasilkan kinerja lebih baik sehingga disarankan menjadi acuan padat penebaran untuk budidaya udang vaname superintensif. Teknologi ini memiliki potensi dampak terhadap lingkungan perairan, sehingga perlu dilengkapi sarana Instalasi Pengolah Air Limbah (IPAL) untuk pengolah air buangan tambak.In order to increase of brackishwater pond’s productivity, an effort can be reached through high stocking density of shrimp accompanied by application of high quality inputs and supported by an appropriate technology. Three different stocking densities, were applied i.e., 750; 1,000; and 1,250 ind/m2. The shrimp were reared for 105 days in three ponds with sizing of 1,000 m2 each and the water depth of 1.8 m facilitated with aeration systems consisted of paddlewheels, root blower, submersible water pump, automatic feeder, central drainage, collector drainage and waste water treatment plan. The capacity aeration systems was 500 kg of shrimp biomass/HP. The results showed that all stocking densities produced the similar final body weight of shrimp which ranged between 15.48 to 16.30 (15.78±0.45) g/shrimp with daily growth rates were 0.16-0.18 (0.17±0.01) g/day. The total harvested shrimps from each stocking density were 7,862; 10,699, 12,163 kg/pond, respectively. The feed conversion ratio was 1.4, 1.36, and 1.55, whereas consumed electricities were 3.2, 2.5, and 2.4 kw/kg shrimp and water demands were 2.24, 1.66, and 1.60 m3/kg harvested shrimp. The lowest production cost was IDR 30,526/kg harvested shrimp which was spent for stocking density of 1,000 ind/m2, whereas the annual profit was IDR 630,687,094. The stocking density of 1,000 ind/m2 showed high performances, and then eventually is recommended for the L. vannamei super-intensive aquaculture. This technology is potential in affecting the adjacent environment, however the impacts might be minimized through the application of deploying wastewater treatment plan.
HISTOPATOLOGI INSANG IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasius hypophthalmus) YANG TERINFESTASI TREMATODA MONOGENEA Ida Ayu N. S. Utami; Amy A.A. Ciptojoyo; Ngurah Nyoman Wiadnyana
Media Akuakultur Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (438.407 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.12.1.2017.35-43

Abstract

Ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus) yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea tidak mudah dikenali gejala klinisnya secara spesifik, mengingat parasit ini menyerang organ insang. Infeksi parasit ini dapat menyebabkan kematian ikan sehingga sangat merugikan budidaya ikan patin siam. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan informasi secara histopatologi tentang perubahan jaringan insang ikan patin siam yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pemeriksaan natif insang patin siam yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Pengambilan sampel ikan patin siam dilakukan sebanyak dua kali pada Mei dan Oktober 2015 di beberapa kolam budidaya. Pengamatan sampel dilakukan secara mikroskopik di Laboratorium Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan, Palembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total 150 sampel yang diamati terdapat 35 sampel atau kasus insang ikan yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea yaitu: masing-masing sebanyak 10 sampel diperoleh pada Mei dan 25 sampel pada Oktober. Pemeriksaan patologi terhadap organ insang yang terinfestasi trematoda monogenea menunjukkan bahwa lamella insang mengalami pembengkakan dan berwarna merah pucat. Parasit trematoda monogenea pada insang atau yang lebih dikenal dengan cacing insang memiliki panjang tubuh berkisar antara 0,7-0,9 mm dengan lebar 0,05-0,10 mm. Pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan bahwa jaringan insang yang terinfestasi parasit trematoda monogenea ditandai adanya perubahan yang konsisten, yaitu hiperplasia tulang rawan hyalin, proliferasi sel mukus, hiperplasia lamella sekunder, dan fusi lamella sekunder. Perubahan ini dapat mengakibatkan kematian pada ikan akibat kekurangan oksigen dan perubahan osmoregulasi ion dalam tubuh ikan.The gills of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) infested with parasitic trematodes monogenea are not easy to observe specifically clinical symptoms, the parasite is very harmful to the striped catfish farming. The objective of the study was to provide histopathologic information about changes in gill tissue of infected pangasius fish infested with monogeneous trematoda parasites. This study begun with an examination of native gill of striped catfish and fish infested with parasitic trematodes monogenea and continued with histopathologic examination. Striped catfish samplings were performed twice in May and October 2015 in some aquaculture ponds. Sampel analysis was done microscopically in Laboratorium of Fish Quarantine, Quality Control and Fisheries Product Safety Palembang. The results showed that among of 150 samples there were 35 samples of fish infested with parasitic trematodes monogenea, which of 10 and 25 samples were collected in May and October, respectively. The results on clinical symptoms of infected gills trematodes monogenea showed that gills swelled in lamella gills and pale red. The parasitic trematodes monogenea found in the gills which are well known as the gill worm had a body length ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 mm with a width of 0.05 to 0.10 mm. On examination of the gills infested with parasitic trematodes monogenea the histopathological changes were consistent, namely hyalin cartilage hyperplasia, mucous cell proliferation, hyperplasia secondary lamella, and the fusion of the secondary lamella. These changes could be affected on fish mortality due to lack of oxygen and ion osmoregulation changes in the body of the fish.
APLIKASI KUANTIFIKASI KOI HERPESVIRUS : REAL TIME – QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-Q PCR) MENGGUNAKAN SYBR GREEN PADA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) Isti Koesharyani; Lila Gardenia; Tatik Mufidah; Ayi Santka
Media Akuakultur Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (582.798 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.12.1.2017.45-53

Abstract

Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) di Indonesia sejak tahun 2002 merupakan penyakit mematikan yang menyerang ikan koi Cyprinus carpio koi dan ikan mas Cyprinus carpio carpio, dan sampai saat ini, infeksi KHV dilaporkan sudah menyebar hampir di seluruh dunia. Untuk mengetahui adanya infeksi KHV perlu cara diagnosa yang sangat akurat/sensitif, sehingga keberadaan KHV dapat diketahui secara pasti dengan tingkat sensitivitas yang lebih baik pada ikan budidaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengaplikasikan teknik deteksi dengan real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT- qPCR/qPCR) guna mengetahui adanya infeksi KHV secara kuantitatif pada ikan mas dengan mengetahui kandungan virus (viral load). Sebanyak masing-masing 3 ekor sampel diperoleh dari sentra budidaya ikan mas di Cirata-Jawa Barat, Maninjau-Sumatera Barat, dan Banjarmasin-Kalimantan Selatan. Sampel-sampel tersebut selanjutnya dianalisa keberadaan KHV-nya dengan RT-qPCR menggunakan SYBR Green. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tertinggi (viral load) diperoleh dari ikan mas asal Cirata-3 dengan nilai Threshold Cycle (Ct.) 18,24 atau setara dengan 3,4 x 107 kopi, dan terendah dari ikan mas asal Banjarmasin-3 dengan nilai Ct. 33,39 atau 1,8 x 102 kopi. Dua standar yang digunakan dalam pengujian ini berupa plasmid dengan jumlah kopi 2 x 104 (Ct 27,24) dan 2 x 103 (Ct 30,24) dan kontrol atau Non Template Control (NTC) adalah 3,1 x 10 atau dengan nilai Ct 35,65. Uji aplikasi deteksi KHV dengan metode RT-qPCR ini memberikan hasil yang lebih sensitif, di mana sampel yang tidak terdeteksi dengan metode PCR konvensional dapat dideteksi dan dihitung jumlah kopi DNA (DNA copy). Since 2002, Koi herpesvirus (KHV) in Indonesian has been a malignant diseases, now recognized as a worldwide cause of mortality among populations of koi Cyprinus carpio koi and common carp Cyprinus carpio carpio. To determine the presence of infection is required the KHV diagnosis method with highly accurate and sensitive, so that the existence KHV can be known exactly with high sensitivity level in fish farming.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the infection by Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- qPCR/qPCR). Sample were taken from Carp culture in West Java, West Sumatra, and South Kalimantan. The assay was done by SYBR Green RT-qPCR. The analysis result of KHV in carp revealed that the carp from Cirata-3 had the highest viral load with Ct. value 18.24 equal with 3.4 x 107 copies, and the lowest one was the carp from Banjarmasin-3 at Ct. value 33.39 (1.8 x 102 copies), while two standards plasmid and Non Template Control (NTC) had Ct value of 27.24 (2 x 104copies),30.24 (2 x 103copies), and 35.65 (3.1 x 10 copies), respectively. Application KHV test by q-PCR has more advantages and sensitive than that of conventional PCR, and it can be used to detect and calculate the copy number of DNA.
PERFORMA IKAN LELE AFRIKA (Clarias gariepinus) HASIL SELEKSI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, SINTASAN, KONVERSI PAKAN, RASIO RNA/DNA, DAN NILAI BIOEKONOMI Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi; Evi Tahapari
Media Akuakultur Vol 12, No 1 (2017): (Juni, 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1424.632 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ma.12.1.2017.11-17

Abstract

Peningkatan produksi ikan lele perlu didukung oleh ketersediaan benih berkualitas baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian penggunaan benih unggul ikan lele hasil seleksi (strain Mutiara) dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai performa hasil seleksi terhadap pertumbuhan, sintasan, konversi pakan, rasio RNA/DNA, dan nilai bioekonominya. Pengujian dilakukan di sentra budidaya ikan lele di Kabupaten Sleman. Hasil pengujian pertumbuhan pada kolam tembok berukuran 12,5 m2 menunjukkan bahwa strain Mutiara menunjukkan bobot akhir, sintasan, dan biomassa panen yang lebih tinggi (P<0,1) dibandingkan strain lokal. Strain Mutiara lebih efisien dalam memanfaatkan pakan dibandingkan strain lokal yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai FCR yang lebih rendah. Pertumbuhan strain Mutiara yang lebih cepat didukung oleh peningkatan rasio RNA/DNA yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan strain lokal. Berdasarkan analisis nilai bioekonomi, biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk menghasilkan 1 kg ikan lele strain Mutiara lebih murah (Rp 12.576,-) dibandingkan strain lokal (Rp 15.105,-). Nilai BCR pada budidaya ikan lele strain Mutiara (1,3) lebih tinggi dibandingkan strain lokal (1,1), yang menunjukkan bahwa budidaya ikan lele strain Mutiara lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan strain lokal. Keuntungan yang diperoleh pada budidaya ikan lele strain Mutiara (31,2) mencapai tiga kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan strain lokal (9,9), berdasarkan nilai pengembalian modal (ROI). Masa pengembalian modal (PP) pada budidaya ikan lele strain Mutiara (3,2 siklus) adalah 3 kali lebih singkat daripada strain lokal (9,9 siklus).The effort to increase African catfish production should be supported by the availability of good quality seed. In this study, we evaluated the performance of superior African catfish seed (Mutiara strain) that was resulted through selection program on growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, RNA/DNA ratio, and bioeconomic paramaters. The experiment was conducted at the center of catfish farming in Sleman District. Fish were cultivated in 12.5 m2 concrete pond. The result showed that the use of Mutiara strain could significantly increase growth, survival rate, and biomass harvest (P<0.1)). Mutiara strain were more efficient at utilizing feed than that of local strains which was indicated by low FCR value. The fast growth of Mutiara strain correlated with the increase of RNA/DNA ratio. Based on the analysis of bioeconomic value, the cost for producing 1 kg of Mutiara strain (IDR 12,576) was lower than that of local strain (IDR 15,105). The BCR value for Mutiara strain farming (1.3) was higher than that of local strain (1.1), indicated that Mutiara strain farming was more beneficial than that of local strain. The value of return of investment (ROI) for Mutiara strain (31.2) was three times higher than that of local strain (9.9). The payback period (PP) on the Mutiara strain farming (3.2 cycles) was shorter than that of local strain (9.9 cycles).

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