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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science" : 11 Documents clear
Water Footprint Analysis of Different Techniques of Cocoa Propagation Edi Santosa; Supijatno Supijatno; Ade Wachjar; Fadil Rohman; Soetanto Abdoellah
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.153-165

Abstract

The nursery phase plays a crucial role in rejuvenating cocoa plantations as it significantly impacts the quality and productivity of the mature trees in the field. However, despite its significance, there remains a lack of understanding regarding its contribution to the water footprint (WF) in cocoa production. This study aims to assess the WF of various propagation techniques to promote sustainable nursery practices. Data on nurseries were collected at the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, from June 2017 to January 2018. The results revealed that propagation accounted for a total WF ranging from 74.28 to 319.41 m3.ha-1 of established cocoa trees, with an average of 186.68 m3. This total WF consisted of 9.02 to 12.89 m3 (7.69%) attributed to seed production and 61.39 to 283.34 m3 (92.30%) attributed to the nursery phase. Among the different nursery techniques studied, the production of true seedlings exhibited the lowest WF, followed by side grafting. To optimize cocoa rejuvenation and minimize WF, it is crucial to carefully select the appropriate nursery technique. Further evaluation is necessary to explore the potential benefits of implementing precision irrigation techniques to reduce WF during the nursery phase. By focusing on sustainable nursery practices, we can enhance the overall sustainability of cocoa production.
Evaluation of Growth Performance and Economic Return Analysis of Bathua (Chenopodium album) Genotypes Md. Abdul Momin; A.F.M. Saiful Islam; Md. Sharaf Uddin; Jahirul Alom; Mahadi Hasan Monshi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.166-175

Abstract

Bathua (Chenopodium album), a fast-growing weedy annual plant under the genus Chenopodium, is valuable for its high nutritional, medicinal and economic values as a leafy vegetable. The present study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and economic returns of bathua genotypes in acid soil at Sylhet, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological and growth parameters were recorded at the final harvest. The maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh weight of inflorescence and leaf length were recorded in local bathua 1(110.5 cm, 65.33, and 8.93 g, respectively). The maximum fresh weight of leaves per plant, the maximum dry weight of leaves per plant were recorded in local bathua 2 (39.92 g and 8.79 g respectively). Results revealed that the studied morphological parameters including plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of stem per plant, fresh and dry weight of inflorescence per plant, stem base diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant and leaf length influences the foliage yield of bathua. The highest foliage yield (9.20 t.ha-1), total gross return (Tk.552000.ha-1), net return (Tk.367000.ha-1) and BCR (2.98) were found in local bathua 1. From the findings of the present study, local bathua 1 could achieve higher productivity and profitability in acid soils of Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Twice Applications of Laying Hens Manure Produced the Highest Yield of Organic Okra Pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) Tasya Nurizki Fhonna; Maya Melati; Sandra Arifin Aziz
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.176-185

Abstract

The optimal okra cultivation using organic fertilizers remains a subject of limited information. This study aimed to assess the impact of applying 18 t.ha-1 of laying hens' organic fertilizer on the morphological and physiological traits of the "Naila IPB" green okra variety. The study was conducted between September and December 2022 at the IPB organic experimental field at Cikarawang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. A randomized complete block design with a single factor namely frequency of organic fertilizer application, was employed. The factor consisted of four levels: no organic fertilization, 1-, 2-, and 3-times applications. The results demonstrated that a single application of organic fertilizer led to an increase in plant height at 5, 7, and 9 weeks after planting (WAP), leaf number at 5 WAP, root dry weight at 4 WAP, stem dry weight at 10 WAP, and an acceleration in the onset of flowering. This resulted in a flowering period lasting 29.6 days, with a total flowering duration of 69.33 days. In contrast, a two-times application of organic fertilizer resulted in elevated plant height at 11 WAP, an increased leaf number at 11 WAP, heightened leaf potassium content, a greater number of pods per plant, and a higher yield of young pod okra. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of organic fertilizer application frequency on the growth and yield of young pod okra, aiding in the formulation of improved cultivation strategies.
Impact of Tillage Depth and Planting Spacing on Plant Growth and Root Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Fazana Akter Mou; Md. Mokter Hossain; Tamanna Haque; Afsana Yasmin
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.186-195

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the impact of tillage depth and plant spacing on carrot growth and yield. The experiment followed a two-factor design using a randomized complete block approach, with three replications. Factor A encompassed three tillage depths: 10 cm (D1), 15 cm (D2), and 20 cm (D3), while Factor B included three planting spacings: 25 cm x 5 cm (S1), 25 cm x 10 cm (S2), and 25 cm x 20 cm (S3). Plant height, leaf fresh weight, root length, fresh weight, diameter, and dry weight exhibited significant variations across different tillage depths and plant spacings. The most noteworthy results, including a maximum root length (17.97 cm), diameter (4.07 cm), fresh weight (99.33 g/plant), and dry weight (3.87 g/50 g), were observed in the D3S3 combination. Conversely, the D1S1 combination yielded the least favourable outcomes in terms of these parameters. The incidence of root cracking, rot, and branching in carrots was lowest in the D3S3 combination, followed by other combinations. These issues became progressively more prominent with lower plant spacing and shallower tillage depth. In terms of yields, the highest gross yield (35.67 t/ha) was achieved in the D3S1 combination, while the lowest (20.17 t/ha) was recorded in D1S3. Similarly, the D3S1 combination demonstrated the highest marketable yield (32.67 t/ha), whereas the lowest (17.00 t/ha) was observed in D1S3. The most favourable benefit-cost ratio was associated with D3S1, while the least favourable ratio was linked to D1S3. Notably, yield and yield components saw improvement with narrower spacing, while growth parameters exhibited enhancement with wider spacing. The study's findings suggest that higher tillage depth combined with reduced spacing led to increased gross and marketable yields, whereas lower tillage depth combined with greater spacing resulted in decreased yields. Among the various treatment combinations, the D3S1 combination consistently yielded the highest overall results in terms of yield and marketability.
Response of Cowpea Growth, Yield and Organic Acid Secretion in Acidic Soil to Variability in Population and Minus One Element Fertilizer Test Dini Gustiningsih; Heni Purnamawati; Iskandar Lubis; Muhamad Syukur; Tomohiro Kondo; Hirokazu Higuchi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.196-204

Abstract

Cowpea is a legume with the potential to serve as an alternative food source to replace soybeans in Indonesia; soybeans are primarily used in traditional foods such as tempeh and tofu. Currently, 70% of Indonesia's soybean demand is met through imports. Cowpea exhibits the ability to thrive in suboptimal soils with low fertility levels. One of the major challenges in Indonesian agriculture is the prevalence of acidic soils, which are typically deficient in essential nutrients. Notably, a lack of phosphorus (P) is a significant limiting factor affecting crop productivity in these acidic soils. To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate how cowpea can adapt and grow in acidic soil conditions. The first experiment aimed to understand the impact of plant density and fertilization methods on the growth and yield of cowpea. The results indicated that planting one cowpea plant per hole resulted in a higher number of leaves and branches. Additionally, the treatment with complete NPK showed a higher number of pods, although this was not significantly different from the treatment with reduced phosphorus (minus P). These findings suggest that cowpea can thrive in acidic soil even under conditions of phosphorus deficiency. Cowpea has developed an external adaptation mechanism through the secretion of organic acids from its roots to survive in low-phosphorus acidic soils. As a follow-up to these findings, a second experiment was conducted to identify the types of organic acids secreted by cowpea roots under conditions of phosphorus deficiency, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that the organic acids produced by cowpea root exudates were primarily malic acid and oxalic acid. These research outcomes provide valuable information for growers, indicating that cowpea can be successfully cultivated in acidic soils. Cowpea's ability to produce organic acids allows it to thrive in such environments even when phosphorus levels are low.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Selected Quantitative Traits in Introduced African Yam Bean (Sphenosylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex. A. Rich Harms) Genotypes Prince Emmanuel Norman; Kumba Yannah Karim; Yvonne Sylvia Gloria Ethel Norman; William Lonaah Vamboi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.205-212

Abstract

A solid understanding of the genetic control of traits within breeding populations is essential for selecting superior genotypes and parent plants for African yam bean (AYB) cultivation. In this study, we explored the phenotypic breeding values and genetic parameter estimates for various traits in 10 introduced AYB varieties. These traits included seed emergence speed (SES), seedling vigor index (SVI), final germination percentage (FGP), seed yield, days to first flower bud initiation (DAYSFBI), days to first flowering (DAYSF), and days to first pod initiation (DAYSPI). We conducted the trial using a randomized complete block (RCB) design with the following varieties: TSs2, TSs60, TSs11, TSs33, TSs282, TSs450, TSs10, TSs432, TSs424, and TSs151B. Traits showing high and medium genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were seed yield (20.7), SVI (12.1), and seed emergence speed (10.8), respectively. Traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) included seed yield (36.8), SVI (22.8), and SES (37.5). The presence of variability in all studied traits was evident from both GCV and PCV values. However, PCV values were slightly higher than GCV, suggesting the influence of environmental factors on these traits. Seed yield exhibited high genetic advance (23.9) and intermediate heritability (31.5%), while SES showed low heritability (8.4%) and low genetic advance (6.5), and FGP displayed low heritability (8.3%) and low genetic advance (2.1). High heritability and genetic advance in certain traits indicate the presence of additive gene action, suggesting that these traits can be improved through direct selection. These findings suggest the presence of valuable variations that can be harnessed for AYB genetic enhancement and selection purposes. Our study results offer valuable insights for the genetic improvement, conservation, management, multi-location evaluations, short-term recommendations, and potential release of new AYB genotypes.
Leaf Pruning Increased Seed Yield and Leaf Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Muji Hartini Kilbaren; Heni Purnamawati; Maya Melati
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.213-223

Abstract

The leaves and pods of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) have potential uses as vegetables. This research aimed to assess the impact on cowpea growth and seed yield through different pruning times, methods, intensities, and their interactions. Conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field, IPB University, between April and August 2022, the study employed a randomized complete block design with three factors and three replications. The first factor, pruning time (5 and 7 weeks after planting, WAP), represented vegetative and generative phases. The second factor involved pruning methods (leaf and shoot), while the third focused on pruning intensity (0, 10, 30, and 50% of leaf numbers). This resulted in 16 treatment combinations, replicated three times, yielding 48 experimental plots. Measured variables included pruned leaf count, pruned leaf weight, total leaf count, plant fresh and dry weights, cowpea plant C/N ratio analysis, pod wet and dry weights, pod count, pod length, seeds per pod count, 100-seed weight, dry seed weight per plant, dry seed weight per plot, and cowpea seed productivity. Results highlighted significant effects of pruning time, method, and intensity on leaf count, shoot fresh and dry weights, and C/N ratio of cowpea plants after two weeks of pruning. However, the treatments did not significantly influence cowpea seed yield. Pruning cowpea leaves led to an average pruned leaf weight of 30 g per plant, offering a nutritious vegetable source without compromising cowpea seed yield. These leaves commanded a market price of approximately Rp. 6000 per kg, transforming them into a valuable economic asset when utilized as vegetables, thus contributing to the sale of nutritious food.
Rice Yields at Different Dosages of Kieserite and Planting Systems Nalwida Rozen; Musliar Kasim; Indra Dwipa
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.224-228

Abstract

Rice stands as an important staple crop in Indonesia and Asia, prompting endeavors to enhance its production. One such technology, aimed at intensifying rice cultivation, involves optimizing plant density utilizing the "jajar legowo" system. This research was conducted within community rice fields located in Pasar Ambacang, Kuranji District, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, spanning from February 2020 to June 2020. The primary objective of this study was to assess the potential of the jajar legowo planting system, in conjunction with varying dosages of kieserite, to increase lowland rice yields. The study employed a two-factor experiment in a completely randomized design. The first factor is the jajar legowo types: A (25 cm x 12.5 cm x 50 cm) and B (25 cm x 25 cm x 50 cm). The second factor involved different kieserite dosages, comprising three levels (0, 150, 300 kg.ha-1). Each treatment combination was replicated four times. Our investigation unveiled that rice panicle length reached 27.20 cm under the influence of jajar legowo type A with a kieserite dosage of 150 kg.ha-1. Conversely, with the application of jajar legowo type B alongside a kieserite dose of 300 kg.ha-1, the rice panicle length increased to 27.88 cm. The highest yield was obtained with jajar legowo type A at a dose of 300 kg.ha-1, producing 5.35 tons.ha-1. It is recommended to implement the jajar legowo type A cropping pattern with the addition of 150 kg.ha-1 of kieserite, or jajar legowo type B with the addition of 300 kg.ha-1 of kieserite.
Effect of Allelopathy from Methanolic Extract of Broadleaf Weeds (Ageratum conyzoides and Borreria alata) on the Viability of Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.) Abdul Karim Kilkoda; Asri Subkhan Mahulette; Elia Leonard Madubun
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.229-237

Abstract

The experiment aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of active compounds present in broadleaf weeds Ageratum conyzoides and Borreria alata. The study also sought to assess the viability of various seed varieties grown using allelopathic extracts from these weeds, varying in concentrations of tannins and phenols. The research findings revealed that methanol extracts exhibited potent allelopathic properties, inhibiting germination, radicle and hypocotyl growth, as well as reducing the germination rate of soybean seeds. B. alata weed extracts demonstrated lower allelopathy than A. conyzoides, suggesting a possible alteration in the active compounds (allelochemicals) present due to a reforming process. Extracts from both A. conyzoides and B. alata weeds inhibited root length, hypocotyl growth, and germination across a range of concentrations, from low (10% v/v) to high (30% v/v).
Plant Reproductive Responses of Guava ‘Crystal’ Under Different Paclobutrazol and NPK Fertilizer Doses Raden Ajeng Diana Widyastuti; Hidayat Pujisiswanto; Hayane Adeline Warganegara; Eli Sabeth Sutriana
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.238-243

Abstract

A preliminary study of the reproductive responses of crystal guava plants under varying doses of paclobutrazol and NPK fertilizer was conducted. The research took place in a small-scale ‘Crystal’ orchard in Rajabasa 1, East Lampung, from August 2021 to March 2022. The study employed a 3x3 factorial randomized complete block design, examining two factors: paclobutrazol and NPK fertilizer. The first factor, paclobutrazol (P), had three levels: 0 ppm (control), 2000 ppm, and 4000 ppm. The second factor, NPK fertilizer, was tested at three levels: 0 g per plant (control), 250 g per plant, and 500 g per plant. The key variables measured were the number of reproductive shoots, blooming flowers, and fruits, serving as indicators of the ‘Crystal’ guava plant's reproductive responses. The study findings recommended the application of 2000 ppm paclobutrazol and 500 g per plant of NPK fertilizer due to their significantly positive impact on increasing the number of reproductive shoots, blooming flowers, and fruits. Notably, there was no significant interaction observed between paclobutrazol and NPK treatments in regulating plant reproductive growth.

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