Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan.
Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
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DISTRIBUSI MOLEKULER SPESIES HETEROATOM DALAM MINYAK BATUBARA INDONESIA
Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo;
Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
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Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives were foundto be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenols were themajor nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils of boiling range<300oC). An oil of boiling range (300–420oC) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED
HYDROTREATMENT KATALITIK MINYAK RINGAN DENGAN KATALIS NiMo DAN PENGARUH SPESIES NITROGEN
Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo;
Hartiniati, Hartiniati;
Eliyanti, Agustina
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Gas Oil fraction of petroleum was hydrotreated (hydrodesulfurization, HDS) overNiMo/Al2O3 catalyst in a 100 ml autoclave reactor. The reaction was conducted at340 oC under 5MPa H2 pressure for 60 min. to investigate the correlation ofnitrogen species in the HDS. The inhibition effects of these species are alsoinvestigated by using original and its N-free gas oil. Hydrogen renewal betweenstages was attempted to reveal an additional effect of the by-products such asH2S. All species in the gas oils were analyzed by GC-AED before and afterhydrotreatment. HDS over NiMo/Al2O3 was largely improved by removal ofnitrogen species. Refractory sulfur species were effectively removed by theremoval of nitrogen species and renewal of hydrogen in staged HDS, showingsynergy effects due to simultaneous removal of two inhibitors.Kata kunci: gas oil, hydrodesulfurization, nitrogen inhibition, GC-AED
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI PENGHEMATAN ENERGI DI INDUSTRI KERTAS
Hasan, Achmad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Identify potential energy savings is one way to optimize the supply and use ofenergy in industrial sector. Electrical energy supplied by PT. PLN (Persero) withinstalled power capacity of 30,000 kVA. Electrical energy to the productionprocess with a voltage of 20 kV through 11 (eleven) units transformer. Based onthe results of power quality measurements with HIOKI 3197 and HIOKI 3286-20show as seen in the previous section, it can be seen that: (a) load unbalancesseen from the voltage and current in the transformer MCC-01 and thetransformer E-34. (b) magnitude fluctuating voltage on the main transformerphase S and T. Even the relatively high voltage (up to 233 V) on the transformerlighting. (c) the power factor is around 0.92 is good enough, but the power factorat the transformer low enough E-34 which reached 0.56. The power factor ontransformer lighting value -1 (leading). (d) total harmonic distortion (THD) voltageand current transformer at some fairly high beyond the limit of tolerance. Thereare several potential energy savings that can be identified, among others:decrease the voltage and current THD, reduction of reactive power consumptionin lighting, improved load balancing.Kata kunci: energi, listrik, faktor daya, penghematan, filter harmonic
PENGARUH TEKANAN INJEKSI BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KABUTAN CAMPURAN SOLAR DAN DIMETIL ETER
Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo;
Yuwono, Taufik
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Fuel spray injection plays a main role in determining the performance of dieselengines, where the spray pattern illustrates fuel combustion occurs in thecombustion chamber. Characteristics of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) spray isdevoted to fuel evaporation, and mixing and combustion quality affected bypressure injection (P) and the physical chemical properties of the fuel (density,surface tension, viscosity and boiling point). From fuel spray test results showedthat fuel evaporation characteristics of fuel at a certain pressure effect on engineperformance. The higher the injection pressure will reduce the diameter of thefuel sprays after injection (SMD), thus speeding up evaporation and mixingprocesses between fuel and air in the combustion chamber with resulted thecombustion process is more completelyKata kunci: characteristics of fuel spray, diesel fuel, DME.
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF UBC PILOT PLANT USING COMPUTER PROCESS SIMULATION
Hanif, Muhammad;
Sugeng, Dhani Avianto;
Cruyff, Johan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Indonesia memiliki sumber daya batubara peringkat rendah dalam jumlah yangberlimpah (± 38 juta ton).Jenis batubara tersebut belum sepenuhnya dikajimeskipun diketahui memiliki berbagai kelebihan seperti kadar abu dan sulphurrendah. Teknologi UBC didedikasikan untuk memproduksi batubara yangdengan nilai jual yang tinggi dan mampu meningkatkan pemanfaatan batubaraperingkat rendah di Indonesia. Tulisan ini membahas evaluasi proses UpgradedBrown Coal (UBC) dengan menggunakan data pengoperasian pilot plant UBC diPalimanan. Lingkup kegiatan ini juga merupakan lingkup tanggungjawab BPPTdalam kerjasaa Jepang dengan Indonesia di bidang pengembangan teknologiUBC.Keywords: batubara peringkat rendah, upgraded brown coal (UBC), pilot plant
KARAKTERISTIK PROSES HIDROKONVERSI KATALITIK DENGAN BAHAN BAKU BITUMEN
Yusnitati, Yusnitati;
Hanif, Muhammad;
Adiarso, Adiarso
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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The effects of bitumen types in a hydro-conversion catalytic process to producesyntethic liquid fuels was investigated. Three samples of natural solid bitumenobtained from three different sampling points in Riau Province are used in thisstudy. Preliminary technical feasibility of the natural solid bitumen as a feedstockof synthetic fuel oil using this process is also investigated. Experimental runs arecarried out using a 1 liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under the standardconditions: reaction temperature of 450oC, initial hydrogen pressure of 12 MPafor 1 hour and atomic ratio of sulfur to iron at 2.0. This process condition issimilar to direct coal liquefaction process using heavy oil solvent produced fromBench Scale Unit (BSU) 100 kg/hour input in Takasago, Japan. The resultsindicate that the oil yield increases with the decrease of liquid bottom yield. TotalCO+CO2 and hydrocarbon gases products are almost equal at all bitumensamples. Due to their high ash content, the oil yield (LO, MO and HO) of bitumensamples relatively lower than the oil yield of coal liquefaction process. It was alsofound that O/C and H/C atomic ratio in bitumen samples vary significantly withtheir sampling point, but the H/C ratio of bitumen relatively higher than typicalcoal. The higher of H/C ratio, the easier of bitumen to be converted to syntheticfuel oil and leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. Inconclusion, the natural solid bitumen has a possibility as a feedstock of syntheticfuel oil, if it is fed to the process in the form of a dried-ash-free-bitumen (hyperbitumen).Kata kunci: bitumen, hidrokonversi katalitik, BBM sintetis
HYDROTREATMENT KATALITIK MINYAK RINGAN DENGAN KATALIS NIMO DAN PENGARUH SPESIES NITROGEN
Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo;
Hartiniati, Hartiniati;
Eliyanti, Agustina
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1558
Gas Oil fraction of petroleum was hydrotreated (hydrodesulfurization, HDS) overNiMo/Al2O3 catalyst in a 100 ml autoclave reactor. The reaction was conducted at340 oC under 5MPa H2 pressure for 60 min. to investigate the correlation ofnitrogen species in the HDS. The inhibition effects of these species are alsoinvestigated by using original and its N-free gas oil. Hydrogen renewal betweenstages was attempted to reveal an additional effect of the by-products such asH2S. All species in the gas oils were analyzed by GC-AED before and afterhydrotreatment. HDS over NiMo/Al2O3 was largely improved by removal ofnitrogen species. Refractory sulfur species were effectively removed by theremoval of nitrogen species and renewal of hydrogen in staged HDS, showingsynergy effects due to simultaneous removal of two inhibitors.Kata kunci: gas oil, hydrodesulfurization, nitrogen inhibition, GC-AED
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI PENGHEMATAN ENERGI DI INDUSTRI KERTAS
Hasan, Achmad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1559
Identify potential energy savings is one way to optimize the supply and use ofenergy in industrial sector. Electrical energy supplied by PT. PLN (Persero) withinstalled power capacity of 30,000 kVA. Electrical energy to the productionprocess with a voltage of 20 kV through 11 (eleven) units transformer. Based onthe results of power quality measurements with HIOKI 3197 and HIOKI 3286-20show as seen in the previous section, it can be seen that: (a) load unbalancesseen from the voltage and current in the transformer MCC-01 and thetransformer E-34. (b) magnitude fluctuating voltage on the main transformerphase S and T. Even the relatively high voltage (up to 233 V) on the transformerlighting. (c) the power factor is around 0.92 is good enough, but the power factorat the transformer low enough E-34 which reached 0.56. The power factor ontransformer lighting value -1 (leading). (d) total harmonic distortion (THD) voltageand current transformer at some fairly high beyond the limit of tolerance. Thereare several potential energy savings that can be identified, among others:decrease the voltage and current THD, reduction of reactive power consumptionin lighting, improved load balancing.Kata kunci: energi, listrik, faktor daya, penghematan, filter harmonic
PENGARUH TEKANAN INJEKSI BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KABUTAN CAMPURAN SOLAR DAN DIMETIL ETER
Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo;
Yuwono, Taufik
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1555
Fuel spray injection plays a main role in determining the performance of dieselengines, where the spray pattern illustrates fuel combustion occurs in thecombustion chamber. Characteristics of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) spray isdevoted to fuel evaporation, and mixing and combustion quality affected bypressure injection (?P) and the physical chemical properties of the fuel (density,surface tension, viscosity and boiling point). From fuel spray test results showedthat fuel evaporation characteristics of fuel at a certain pressure effect on engineperformance. The higher the injection pressure will reduce the diameter of thefuel sprays after injection (SMD), thus speeding up evaporation and mixingprocesses between fuel and air in the combustion chamber with resulted thecombustion process is more completelyKata kunci: characteristics of fuel spray, diesel fuel, DME.
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF UBC PILOT PLANT USING COMPUTER PROCESS SIMULATION
Hanif, Muhammad;
Sugeng, Dhani Avianto;
Cruyff, Johan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
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DOI: 10.29122/elk.v6i2.1560
Indonesia memiliki sumber daya batubara peringkat rendah dalam jumlah yangberlimpah (± 38 juta ton).Jenis batubara tersebut belum sepenuhnya dikajimeskipun diketahui memiliki berbagai kelebihan seperti kadar abu dan sulphurrendah. Teknologi UBC didedikasikan untuk memproduksi batubara yangdengan nilai jual yang tinggi dan mampu meningkatkan pemanfaatan batubaraperingkat rendah di Indonesia. Tulisan ini membahas evaluasi proses UpgradedBrown Coal (UBC) dengan menggunakan data pengoperasian pilot plant UBC diPalimanan. Lingkup kegiatan ini juga merupakan lingkup tanggungjawab BPPTdalam kerjasaa Jepang dengan Indonesia di bidang pengembangan teknologiUBC.Keywords: batubara peringkat rendah, upgraded brown coal (UBC), pilot plant