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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 3 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001" : 3 Documents clear
Respons tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) terhadap cekaman kekeringan Respons of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) to water stress Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; Gede WIJANA; Edi GUHARJA; Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR; Sudirman YAHYA; . SUBRONTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.455 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v69i2.166

Abstract

SummaryWater stress affect many physiological andbiochemical processes of oil palm. A series ofexperiments were conducted to characterize thewater stress-induced changes in physiologicalrespons of oil palm to water stress, in glass housecondition. The experiment consisted of (1)permanent leaf wilting point measured based onsoil water content, leaf water content, specificleaf area and leaf water potential . Plants wereconducted by termination of watering to theplants, and control plants were maintained wellwatered during 0,3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 days ofMK356 and MK365 clones. Experiment (2)effect of water stress on changes of leaf waterpotential, protein bands pattern, proline,glycine-betaine, osmotical sugar, and abcisicacid (ABA) of MK356 and MK365 clones.Water stress was induced by termination ofwatering to the plants and maintained wellwatered during 0, 7,14, and 18 days.Experiment (3) changes of protein bands patternby total protein and electrophoresis SDS-PAGEand SDS-PAGE 2D protein. of H2(D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12 (D8D Self) x(L9T x L2T). H3 and H9 (BJ028D x BJ2117P)hybrids. H2 and H12, H3 and H9 potentiallytolerant and untolerant to water stress,respectively. The results showed that permanentwilting point reached in 18 days of water stress.Water stress caused the decreased soil watercontent, leaf water potential, leaf water content,relative leaf water content , and relative leafarea of two clones. Water potential, leaf watecontent dan relative leaf water content ofMK365 decrease faster compare with MK356.Soil water content sharply decrease after 6 hoursand in 18 days of water stress leaf waterpotential value < - 2.55 Mpa. Proline, glycine-betaine and glucose content were affect by waterstress. Interaction among water stress and cloneswere significantly appear in stachiose content.Leaf water potential values decrease, whereasproline, ABA and glycine-betaine contentsincrease during water stress especially inMK356. Generally showed that ABA content inMK356 higher than MK 365. The differencesresponses of MK356 with MK 365 obtained fromprolin,xylose and ABA content. Induction of newprotein pI 4.7-36 kDa, pI5.3-34 kDa, pI 4.6-32kDa and pI 5.3-36 kDa obtained from hybridspotentially tolerant to water strees, none inuntolerant hybrids.RingkasanCekaman kekeringan mempengaruhiproses fisiologis dan biokimia tanaman kelapasawit. Serangkaian percobaan bertujuan untukmengkarakterisasi perubahan fisiologis tanamankelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan,dalam kondisi rumah kaca telah dilakukan.Percobaan terdiri atas (1) penetapan titik layupermanen, berdasarkan perubahan potensial airdaun, kadar air daun, kadar air daun relatif, danluas daun relatif dengan perlakuan tanpa dandengan penyiraman selama 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18dan 21 hari. Percobaan (2) penetapan perubahankadar prolin, glisin-betain, gula-gula osmotikaldan asam absisik (ABA), terhadap cekamankekeringan. Perlakuan adalah tanpa dan denganpenyiraman selama 0, 7, 14, dan 18 hari.Percobaan (3) analisis perubahan pola pita proteindaun hibrida H2 (D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12(D8D Self) x (L9T x L2T). H3 dan H9 (BJ028Dx BJ2117P) terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengantotal protein, dan pola pita protein dengan SDSPAGE dan SDS-PAGE 2D. H2 dan H12 serta H3dan H9 masing-masing berpotensi toleran danpeka terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa titik layupermanen dicapai pada hari ke 18 setelah dibericekaman kekeringan. Cekaman kekeringanmenurunkan kadar air tanah media tumbuh,potensial air daun, kadar air daun, kadar air daunrelatif, dan luas daun relatif untuk kedua klon.Potensial air daun, kadar air daun dan kadar airdaun relatif klon MK365 menurun lebih cepatdibandingkan dengan klon MK356. Kadar airtanah menurun tajam setelah 6 hari dibericekaman air dan potensial air daun mencapai<-2.55 MPa pada 18 hari setelah diberi cekaman.Cekaman kekeringan nyata berpengaruh terhadapkadar prolin, glisin betain dan glukosa. Interaksiantar lama cekaman kekeringan dan perbedaanklon diperoleh pada perubahan gula stahiosa.Tampak bahwa semakin menurun nilai potensialair daun menyebabkan kadar prolin semakinmeningkat. Hal yang sebaliknya terjadi terhadapkadar glisin-betain yang mengalami penurunanterutama untuk klon MK356. Kadar ABAMK356 dan MK365 meningkat sejalan dengansemakin lama diberi cekaman. Secara umumtampak bahwa kadar ABA pada MK356 lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan MK 365. Perbedaanrespons klon MK356 dengan MK 365 terjadipada kadar prolin, gula silosa dan ABA.Hibridaberpotensi toleran memberikan respon terhadapcekaman kekeringan dengan menginduksi proteinbaru pI 4,7-36 kDa, pI5,3-34 kDa, pI 4,6-32 kDadan pI 5,3- 36 kDa, sedangkan pada hibridayang berpotensi peka protein tersebut tidakditemukan
Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in vitro Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik teh (Camellia sinensis L.) in vitro . SUMARYONO; Imron RIYADI; J.S. TAHARDI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (240 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v69i2.167

Abstract

SummarySomatic embryo culture of tea (Camelliasinensis L.) on an agar-solidified medium consistsof embryos of different sizes, colors anddevelopmental stages. One gram of mostly globularsomatic embryos were cultured on a solidproliferation medium of WP containing 57.1 µMIAA and 4.4 µM BAP to observe theirmorphological variations with respect to embryosize, color, and developmental stage over oneculture passage of 6 weeks. Fresh weight ofsomatic embryos increased slowly during the first4 weeks and then sharply thereafter. At the fourthweek, the number of embryos increasedconsiderably although their weight did not increase,indicating the formation of secondary embryos.The average size of tea somatic embryos did notchange significantly over the culture period,however, the embryo size was already highly variedat the start and increased as the embryo developed.About one half of the embryos were yellowish and the rest were divided equally between the greenishand reddish embryos. At the initial culture, 60% ofthe embryos were at the globular, 30% at heart and10% at torpedo stage. Generally, globular embryosdeveloped into later-stage embryos as the cultureprogressed, however, on this proliferation mediumalmost 80% of the embryos remained at the globularand heart-shaped stages even after the sixth week.If single globular somatic embryos with a particularcolor were cultured on a solid regeneration mediumof WP with 0.47 µM kinetin, 0.69 µM ABA and0.29 µM GA 3 , some of them especially theyellowish embryos underwent color change. Mostof these single globular embryos developedgradually into the later stages. While the initialcolors of embryos affected the rate ofdevelopmental stage changes, yellowish globularembryos tended to develop more rapidly intocotyledonary or germinant stages than the greenishand reddish embryos.RingkasanBiak embrio somatik tanaman teh (Camelliasinensis L.) pada medium padat terdiri dari embriodalam berbagai ukuran, warna dan stadiaperkembangan. Satu gram embrio somatik yangsebagian besar dalam stadia globuler telahdibiakkan pada medium padat proliferasi (mediumWP dengan IAA 57,1 µM dan BAP 4,4 µM) untukmengamati keragaman morfologi embrio dalam halukuran, warna dan stadia perkembangan dalamsatu periode kultur 6 minggu. Berat basah embriosomatik meningkat perlahan pada 4 minggupertama kemudian meningkat dengan tajam. Padaminggu keempat, jumlah embrio melonjakwalaupun beratnya tidak meningkat, hal inimenunjukkan adanya pembentukan embriosekunder. Ukuran rata-rata embrio somatik tidakberubah secara nyata selama periode kultur, tetapiukuran embrio sudah sangat beragam sejak awalkultur dan terus meningkat sejalan denganberkembangnya embrio. Sekitar setengah dariembrio berwarna kuning dan sisanya terdiri dariembrio berwarna hijau dan merah. Pada awalkultur, 60% embrio berada pada stadia globuler,30% stadia bentuk-hati dan 10% stadia bentuk-torpedo. Pada umumnya embrio globulerberkembang ke stadia lebih lanjut sejalan denganwaktu, tetapi pada medium proliferasi ini hampir80% embrio masih dalam stadia globuler danbentuk-hati pada minggu keenam. Apabila embriosomatik globuler tunggal dengan warna tertentudibiakkan pada medium padat regenerasi(WP dengan kinetin 0,47 µM, ABA 0,69 µM danGA 3 0,29 µM, sebagian embrio terutama embriokuning akan mengalami perubahan warna.Sebagian besar embrio globuler tunggal iniberkembang secara bertahap kestadia per-kembangan lebih lanjut. Warna awal embrioberpengaruh terhadap kecepatan perubahan stadiaperkembangan embrio, dengan embrio globulerawal warna kuning cenderung lebih cepatberkembang kestadia kotiledon dan kecambahdibandingkan dengan embrio hijau dan merah. 
Analisis abnormalitas tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) hasil kultur jaringan dengan teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis abnormalities of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) from tissue culture by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; Saro Ina Ita BANGUN; . MARIA-BINTANG
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (843.543 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v69i2.169

Abstract

SummaryProblem in oil palm propagation throughtissue culture is the abnormality of reproductiveorgans i.e. female flowers and mantle fruits are inthe same plants or clones. Various abnormalitiesobtained between clones, and could only beidentified after fruit formation. The experimentwas conducted to analyze genetic similarities ofnormal and abnormal genotypes in the same andamong clones, and also to get a specific RAPDband as a marker for abnormalities. Six clones ofoil palm (16 genotypes) of 5-year old MK152,MK203, MK209 and MK212 with normal fruits,female flowers, and abnormal fruits (heavymantled), grown in the field, while two otherclones were MK 104 and MK 176 with normalfruits and heavy mantled. PCR reaction toamplify DNA of 16 genotypes using 15 randomprimers. Genetic similarities and dendogramwere done by NTSYS-pc, while honestly value ofUPGMA analyzed by boostrap with WinBootprogram. The results showed that OPC-07,OPC-09, OPW-19 and SC10-19 were able todetermine the differences of normal andabnormal genotypes in the same clone of sixclones tested. While other primers were onlyable to differentiate between normal andabnormal genotypes only in several clones.Genetic similarities among 16 genotypes testedwere around 0.47-0.96. Genetic similaritiesbetween normal genotype were higher than thatof among abnormal genotypes. MK176 clonewas more stable in culture as compare to otherclones. UPGMA showed that in generaly normalgenotypes and abnormal one, in the sameclones belongs to the same group. The results ofprincipalcomponent analysis showed that from 15primers tested no specific DNA band could beused as a marker for abnormalities. To obtainehave DNA markers, a more sensitive techniquefor DNA analysis is needed.RingkasanMasalah yang dihadapi dalam perbanyakantanaman kelapa sawit dengan teknik kulturjaringan adalah abnormalitas organ reproduktifyaitu terbentuknya bunga jantan dan buah manteldalam klon yang sama. Terjadinya abnormalitassangat beragam, dan teridentifikasi setelahtanaman berbuah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui kesamaan genetik serta penge-lompokan antar genotipe normal dan abnormaldalam klon yang sama maupun antar klon, sertamenetapkan pita DNA penciri untuk abnormalitasdengan RAPD. Enam klon kelapa sawit(16 genotipe) berumur 5 tahun yaitu MK152,MK203, MK209, dan MK212 masing-masingdengan genotipe berbuah normal, berbungajantan, dan berbuah abnormal (mantel berat). Duaklon lainnya yaitu MK104 dan MK176 masing-masing terdiri dari genotipe berbuah normal danmantel berat. Reaksi PCR untuk mengamplifikasiDNA contoh dilakukan menggunakan 15 primeracak. Kesamaan genetik dan pembuatanfenogram dilakukan dengan programNTSYS-pc. Sedang tingkat kepercayaanUPGMA ditetapkan dengan analisisbootstrap menggunakan program WinBoot.Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwaprimer OPC-09, SC10-19, OPC-07 danOPW-19 mampu membedakan genotipenormal dan abnormal dalam klon yang samauntuk keenam kon yang diuji. Sedang primerlainnya hanya mampu menunjukkanperbedaan antar genotipe normal danabnormal dalam beberapa klon saja.Kesamaan genetik antar 16 genotipe yangdiuji berkisar antara 0,47-0,96. Kesamaangenetik antar genotipe normal lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan kesamaan genetikantar genotipe abnormal. Klon MK176lebih stabil dalam kultur dibandingkandengan klon lainnya. UPGMA menunjukkanbahwa umumnya genotipe normal danabnormal dalam klon yang sama beradadalam satu grup. Hasil analisis komponenutama menunjukkan bahwa dari 15 primeryang diuji belum mampu menghasilkan pitaDNA penciri untuk abnormalitas. Untukmendapatkan pita DNA penciri, perludilakukan analisis DNA dengan teknik yanglebih sensitif untuk mendeteksi perubahansatu basa oligonukleotida 

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