International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The journal is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world.
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Power efficiency improvement in reactive power dispatch under load uncertainty
Agouzoul, Naima;
Oukennou, Aziz;
Elmariami, Faissal;
Boukherouaa, Jamal;
Gadal, Rabiaa
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3616-3627
Nowadays, there is a significant rise in electricity demand, posing challenges for power grid operators due to inaccurate forecasting, leading to excessive power losses and voltage instability. This paper addresses these issues by focusing on solving optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) while considering load demand uncertainty. The main objective of solving ORPD is to reduce power losses by adjusting generator voltage ratings, transformer tap ratio, and shunt capacitors' reactive power. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is employed to generate load scenarios using the normal probability density function, while a reduction-based technique is implemented to decrease the number of those scenarios. The improved gray wolf optimization (I-GWO) algorithm is introduced for the first time to address the stochastic ORPD problem. Experimentation is conducted on an IEEE-30 bus system when results are contrasted with conventional gray wolf optimization (GWO) and five other algorithms as stated in the literature. The I-GWO algorithm's performance is assessed with and without considering load demand uncertainty. Through Friedman's statistical tests, a significant decrease of 20.96% in active power losses and 63.06% in the summation of expected power losses is observed. The I-GWO algorithm's results on the ORPD problem demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness.
Research of semantic aspects of the Kazakh language when translating into the Kazakh sign language
Nurgazina, Dana;
Kudubayeva, Saule
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp4488-4497
The article discusses the semantic aspects of Kazakh sign language and its characteristics. Semantics, a field within linguistics, focuses on examining the meanings conveyed by expressions and combinations of signs. The author delves into the inquiry of the degree of similarity between verbal and sign languages, highlighting their fundamental distinctions. The primary objective of the research is to scrutinize the characteristics of parts of speech in the Kazakh language when expressed gesturally, along with the principles governing the translation of verbs and adverbial tenses. The article explains in detail the formulas for translating the text into sign language, based on the subject-object-predicate. Examples are given that illustrate the subject-object relationship and determine who acts as the speaker, "object" or "subject" of the utterance. It is necessary to note that for successful translation it is necessary first to understand the meaning of the sentence. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both structural elements and contextual nuances in the fascinating world of the semantics of the Kazakh sign language. It inspires further research aimed at uncovering the complexities and exceptions that contribute to a deep understanding of linguistic nuances in this unique form of communication.
Energy savings by adapting consumer behavior in grid-connected photovoltaic systems with battery storage
Andam, Meriem;
El Alami, Jamila;
Louartassi, Younes;
Zine, Rabie
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3688-3702
Today, the world faces many energy challenges that make the use of clean energy an obligation and an emergency. These challenges require changes in a wide range of sectors, including transport, industry and residential areas. At present, energy production is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, the main cause of climate change with its various dangerous effects on human life. Therefore, a change towards non-carbon energy is becoming a necessity. Certainly, this evolution has been underway for years and the renewable energy market has developed in a surprisingly efficient way. However, the current situation has reached an alarming state and requires the active participation of all stakeholders, especially consumers. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to illustrate how consumer behavior can significantly influence and contribute to the optimization of renewable energy systems, especially photovoltaic systems. The paper emphasizes the beneficial integration of batteries and storage systems to achieve energy savings. The results show that with some adjustments in daily behavior, an overall energy saving of 62% can be achieved compared to the normal consumption scenario: the energy obtained from the grid and then the electricity bill is reduced.
Active balancing system in battery management system for Lithium-ion battery
Ness, Stephanie;
Boujoudar, Younes;
Aljarbouh, Ayman;
Elyssaoui, Lahcen;
Azeroual, Mohamed;
Zahra Bassine, Fatima;
Rele, Mayur
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3640-3648
The existing battery management systems perform many functions, such as simply monitoring the battery's voltage, current, and temperature for the most basic and compensating energy imbalances between battery cells for the most advanced systems. In this last example, the function balancing helps protect the battery from obtaining a better lifespan. However, these systems with such functions remain complex because they involve techniques specific to power electronics and energy conversion. The number of components, implementation complexity, and cost increased. The work presented in this paper fits directly into this context. The main objective is to provide a solution to the problem of battery management and careful pack cell balancing. The proposed system aims to balance the battery pack cells based on the intermediate state of charge by charging or discharging the imbalanced cell. The implementation of the proposed control strategy was for a battery pack composed of five cells under MATLAB/Simulink.
Entities recommendations using contextual information
Saidi, Imène;
Mahammed, Nadir;
Klouche, Badia;
Khayra, Bencherif
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp4336-4342
Generating entities recommendations has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Most recently published works mainly focus on providing a user with the most relevant and/or personalized entity recommendations that score highly against the query and/or the user’s preference. Some works consider user side information, such as the user network, user relations, and user’s demographic information, and propose to integrate them into the framework of recommender systems. These approaches have been shown to increase the users’ satisfaction and engagement with the system. In this paper, we investigate entities recommender systems and summarize the recent efforts in this domain by categorizing approaches. The first category presents different approaches that utilize knowledge graph as side information. The second category gathers work that consider both the current query, and the users’ previous interactions with the system. These latter works have considered the full user history to personalize the ranking of recommended entities related to the query. In this review paper, we emphasize contextual information-based approaches that utilize user’s context and feedback to improve the recommendations. We accomplished a summary of the literature and synthesized the papers according to different perceptions. Finally, a comparison between approaches is provided and some drawbacks are identified.
An approach towards the development of an inclusive subject environment using additive manufacturing technologies
Lotoshynska, Nataliia;
Popova, Solomiya;
Irianto, Irianto;
Jamil Alsayaydeh, Jamil Abedalrahim
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp4248-4260
This research aims to identify the principles of designing the objects of the inclusive environment with the employment of additive manufacturing technologies, and to discover methods and techniques for creating an inclusive objective environment using the example of our own development. The results of the survey, which has been directed to investigate the topicality of the problem of inclusiveness in Ukraine and the means of its solution, are presented in the article. In the course of work, the principal peculiarities of three-dimensional (3D) modelling and printing technologies have been established, and promising areas of their application have been proposed. The principles of designing an inclusive objective environment have been detected with the use of photogrammetry and 3D printing, due to which the model can be constructed by considering a person’s individual physical characteristics. Moreover, due to the wide range of materials for 3D printing, various types of objects can be realized. It gives great potential for the employment of 3D printing when designing an inclusive environment and considerably simplifies the manufacturing process while taking the individual characteristics of every person into consideration.
An 8-bit successive-approximation register analog-to-digital converter operating at 125 kS/s with enhanced comparator in 180 nm CMOS technology
Zghoul, Fadi Nessir;
Al-Bakrawi, Yousra Hussein;
Etier, Issa;
Kannan, Nithiyananthan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3830-3854
Data converters are necessary for the conversion process of analog and digital signals. Successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADC) can achieve high levels of accuracy while consuming relatively low amounts of power and operating at relatively high speeds. This paper describes a design of 8-bit 125 kS/s SAR ADC with a proposed high-speed comparator design based on dynamic latch architecture. The proposed design of the comparator enhances the performance compared to a conventional dynamic comparator by adding two parallel clocked input complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors which reduce the parasitic resistance in the latch ground path and serve to minimize the latch delay time. The design of each sub-system for the ADC is explained thoroughly, which contains a sample and hold circuit, successive approximation register, charge redistribution types digital-to-analog converter, and the new proposed comparator. The proposed design is implemented using 180 nm CMOS technology with a power supply of 1.2 V. The average inaccuracy in differential non-linearity (DNL) is +0.6/−0.8 LSB (least significant bit), and integral non-linearity (INL) is +0.4/−0.7 LSB. The proposed design exhibits a delay time of 157 ps at 1 MHz clock frequency.
Characterization of facial and ocular gestures through electroencephalogram
Ovalle Silva, Juan Sebastián;
Anzola Anzola, John Petearson;
Canova Garcia, Walder De Jesus
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp4296-4305
This article describes the characterization of facial and ocular gestures using the electroencephalogram (EEG) method connected with an EMOTIV EPOC+ Brainwear® device. This characterization is developed by the storage of raw data (unprocessed data) acquired by the device. The experiment was applied to nine subjects, considering that EEG explores neurophysiologically with high levels of statistical confidence the bioelectric activity in the brain in the condition of resting state such as wakeups or dreaming states. In contrast to non-resting states, the registered data showed a random and distinct activation of hyperpnea and intermittent luminous stimulus. Despite the reduced number of samples in the experiment, the results showed that the level of confidence was greater than 75%. The data was characterized and processed by a support vector machine (SVM).
CycleInSight: An enhanced YOLO approach for vulnerable cyclist detection in urban environments
Narkhede, Manish;
Chopade, Nilkanth
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3986-3994
As urbanization continues to reshape transportation, the safety of cyclists in complex traffic environments has become a pressing concern. In response to this challenge, our research introduces a CycleInSight framework, which harnesses advanced deep learning and computer vision techniques to enable precise and efficient cyclist detection in diverse urban settings. Utilizing you only look once version 8 (YOLOv8) object detection algorithm, the proposed model aims to detect and localize vulnerable cyclists near vehicles equipped with onboard cameras. Our research presents comprehensive experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying vulnerable cyclists amidst dynamic and challenging traffic conditions. With an impressive average precision of 90.91%, our approach outperforms existing models while maintaining efficient inference speeds. By effectively identifying and tracking cyclists, this framework holds significant potential to enhance urban traffic safety, inform data-driven infrastructure planning, and support the development of advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles.
A fully automatic curve localization method for extracted spine
Xie, Aishu;
Moung, Ervin Gubin;
Zhou, Xu;
Yang, Zhibang
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp4018-4033
The automation of scoliosis positioning presents a challenging and often understated task, yet it holds fundamental significance for the automated analysis of spinal morphological anomalies. This paper introduces a novel spinal curve localization model for precisely differentiating the spinal curves and identifying their concave centers. The proposed model contains three components: i) custom spine central line model, to define the spine central line as a combination of several secant line sequences with different polarities; ii) custom curve model, to classify each spinal curve into one of 11 curves types and deduce each its concave centers by several custom formulas; and iii) adapted distance transform and quadratic line fitting algorithm coupled with custom secant line segment searching strategy (DTQL-LS), to search all line segments in the spine and group consecutive line segments with identical polarity into line sequence. Experimental results show that its positioning success rate is close to 99%. Furthermore, it exhibits significant time efficiency, with the average time to process a single image being less than 30 milliseconds. Moreover, even if some image boundaries are blurred, the center of the curve can still be accurately located.