International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The journal is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world.
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SAW Filter Modelling in Matlab for GNSS Receivers
Syed Haider Abbas;
Hussnain Haider;
Muhammad Faheem Siddique;
Awais Ahmed
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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Satellite navigation has enabled a great amount of new application for many users, but a lot of limitations have been observed regarding precision and integrity of navigation signals. Overall signals of different navigation systems (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS signals) compose Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Signal. Each of the satellite system has separate signal characteristics, but each signal needs to be compatible with the others to prevent interferences and attenuations between signals. The processing of all the signals is performed in same receiver. Hence, complex receiver design is required. In GNSS signals different frequencies are used for different satellite navigation systems such as GPS, Galileo and Glonass. When the group delay response is observed in SAW filters it shows that the signals lie on different frequencies have different delays. Manufacturers carried out measurements with respect to carrier wave but they have ignored the spreading codes or modulation. In this research, we will design a model for GNSS SAW filter in Matlab. This model can be use to obserce the delay of the signals. This model will allow the manufacturers to address these problems in the SAW filter software to optimise slope and magnitude of the design which will benefit the users of GNSS all over the world to get more precise positioning.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3643
Design and Simulation of Cascaded Class-A Microwave Power Amplifier
Muhammad Faheem Siddique;
Syed Haider Abbas;
Hussnain Haider;
Ali Bin Tahir
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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Microwave power amplifiers are the most significant components in wireless communications systems. As the technology continue to progress, the designers are facing new challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this work is to push the limits of efficiency and bandwidth of power amplifiers. The objective of this research is to design and build a prototype two stage Microwave power amplifier operated at 2.4 GHz with a linear region of operation up to our desired output of 0.5 watt or 27 dBm. The transistor used in the first stage is BFP540 while the output power of the first stage is the input of the second stage in which the ATF50189 transistor is used to for amplification. All the simulations and readings are taken by using AWR Microwave Office software. By using the load line Rl and the biasing points are achieved for both stages. The applications of our proposed device include many products in the field of microwave communications. One of the important applications of a Microwave power amplifier is in the output stage of a transmitter where a signal needs amplification before it is transmitted.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3644
Intelligent Detection of Intrusion into Databases Using Extended Classifier System (XCS)
Navid Moshtaghi Yazdani;
Masoud Shariat Panahi;
Ehsan Sadeghi Poor
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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With increasing tendency of users to distributed computer systems in comparison with concentrat-ed systems, intrusion into such systems has emerged as a serious challenge. Since techniques of intrusion into systems are being intelligent, it seems necessary to use intelligent methods to en-counter them. Success of the intrusion systems depends on the strategy employed in these sys-tems for attack detection. Application of eXtended Classifier Systems (XCS) is proposed in this paper for detection of intrusions to databases. The extended classifier systems which are known as one of the most successful types of learning agents create a set of stochastic rules and com-plete them based on the methods inspired from human learning process. Thereby, they can grad-ually get a comprehensive understanding of the environment under study which enables them to predict the correct answer at an acceptable accuracy once encountered with new issues. The method suggested in this paper an improved version of extended classifier systems is “trained” using a set of existing examples in order to identify and avoid attempts to intrude computer sys-tems during phases of application and encountering these attempts. The proposed method has been tested on several problems to demonstrate its performance while its results indicate a 91% detection of various known intrusions to the databases.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.4034
Power System Stability Enhancement and Improvement of LVRT Capability of a DFIG Based Wind Power System by Using SMES and SFCL
Anju Murukeshan;
R. Rajasekaran
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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This paper proposes a exhaustive study about the performance analysis of Doubly Fed Induction (DFIG) under abnormal condition. Now a days, majority of power network countenance the problem of over current and grid connectivity issues. SFCL (Superconducting Fault Current Limiter), which have the competence to limit the fault current and protect the equipments from damage. SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) is mainly used to compensate both real and reactive power variations, thus power quality can be enhanced. Co-ordinated operation of SFCL - SMES thus used to enhance the power system stability and improve the LVRT (Low Voltage Ride Through) capability of wind power generation systems. LVRT capability of wind turbine is refers to the ability of wind power system to conquer the voltage variations if there is any unwanted conditions. Here DFIG based wind turbine plant is used for consideration, because it will provide smoothened power output nearly double than a conventional generator. And it have more simple and rugged construction also. Design of DFIG based wind power generation systems under fault condition with the help of SMES and SFCL is analysed by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK block set.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3383
Several New Metrics for Evaluation of Expert Systems Based on Service-Oriented Architecture
Ali Nayebpour;
Hassan Rashidi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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Modern expert systems have some limitations such as vulnerabilities, the unity of solution strategy, development problems, repair and maintenance. These limitations could be covered by Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), due to the advantages and various applications of this architecture and its combination to expert systems. The main purpose of this paper is to survey service-oriented architecture to provide solutions for using this style in order to eliminate the short comings and optimize services in expert systems. In this paper, several metrics for evaluating expert systems based on service-oriented architecture are presented. These metrics are in six branches: agility, integrity, usability and reusability, business objectives, accessibility, offering new and applied services. For each metric some properties are presented which the expert systems show more powerful in evaluation.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.4032
High Performance Low Power Dual Edge Triggered Static D Flip-Flop
Gagandeep Singh;
Gurmohan Singh;
Vemu Sulochna
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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In this paper a low-power double-edge triggered static flip-flop (DETSFF) suitable for low-power and high performance applications is presented. The designed DETFF is verified at gpdk 180nm-1.8V CMOS technology. Comparison with some of the latest DETFFs shows that the proposed DETSFF can achieve the lowest power consumption, lowest clock to Q delay and thus Power-delay-product (PDP). Moreover, the proposed DETSFF comprises of only 15 transistors hence require lesser number of transistors and thus requires lesser overall silicon area.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3164
A Routing Algorithm Based on Ant Colony, Local Search and Fuzzy Inference to Improve Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks
Mina Jafari;
Hassan Khotanlou
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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Wireless sensor network is a new generation of networks in which the main aim is to collect data from the surrounding environment of network sensors. The major differences of wireless sensor networks with other networks are limited energy resources and relatively low processing capabilities. Therefore, managing power and reducing energy consumption are of great importance in these networks. In this paper, there was presented a mechanism for Wireless sensor network routing which can be more effective regarding the criteria of route length, end–to–end delay and network node energy for the quality of mechanism service. The proposed method used ant colony–based routing algorithm and local enquiry to find optimal routes. Also, a fuzzy inference system was used to determine the route quality which showed better performance compared with equation of route quality. The results of simulating mechanism showed that energy consumption and network efficiency had improved compared with those of previous methods.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3628
Design of Low Leakage Multi Threshold (Vth) CMOS Level Shifter
Shanky Goyal;
Vemu Sulochana
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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In this paper, a low leakage multi Vth level shifter is designed for robust voltage shifting from sub threshold to above threshold domain using MTCMOS technique and sleepy keeper. MTCMOS is an effective circuit level technique that improves the performance and design by utilizing both low and high threshold voltage transistors. Leakage power dissipation has become an overriding concern for VLSI circuit designers. In this a “sleepy keeper” approach is preferred which reduces the leakage current while saving exact logic state. The new low-power level shifter using sleepy keeper is compared with the previous work for different values of the lower supply voltage. When the circuits are individually analyzed for power consumption at 45nm CMOS technology, the new level shifter offer significant power savings up to 37% as compared to the previous work. Alternatively, when the circuits are individually analyzed for minimum propagation delay, speed is enhanced by up to 48% with our approach to the circuit. All the simulation results are based on 45nm CMOS technology and simulated in cadence tool.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3166
Energy Transfer by Resonance Coupling
Heinz Zenkner;
Werachet Khan-Ngern
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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This paper presents the research work focusing on the possibility to transmit power with a high power densitiy and a high efficiency. The applications of power supply require a smaller size, lower weight with a good energy on-board management. This work shows not only the possibility of wireless power transfer, but also the biological effect is taken into account for the safety precaution of human use. The system is described and set up using the resonance coupling effect and impedance adaption for multi-stage conversion. The transmitting power up to 180W is applied at a frequency of 6.78 MHz across a gap in the range between 30 mm to 80 mm. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency up to 88 % has been achieved. The maximum transmitted power density reaches up to 0.14 W/mm2. High power can be transmitted using resonant coupling with high efficiency. Coupling coil characteristics significantly affect wireless power system losses. High power density of the active areas can be in the high range of 0.14 W/mm2. Resonance coupling can be applied in short range applications keeping EMC and EMF restrictions.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.3938
Mapping Fuzzy Petri Net to Fuzzy Extended Markup Language
Zahra Masoudinezad;
Ali Haroon Abadi;
Mohammad Teshnehlab
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 3, No 5: October 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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Use of model gives the knowledge and information about the phenomenon also eradicates the cost, the effort and the hazard of using the real phenomenon. Characteristics and concepts of Petri nets are in a way that makes it simple and strong to describe and study the information processing system; especially it is shown in those which are dealing with discrete, concurrent, distributed, parallel and indecisive events. Yet, due to Petri nets inability to face with systems working on obscure data and continues events, the interest to develop fundamental concept of Petri nets has been raised which is led to new style of presented model named "fuzzy Petri nets". The difference in Petri nets is in the elements that have been fuzzed. Transitions, places, signs and arcs can be fuzzed. PMNL, on the other hand as a markup language has been engaged in uttering Petri nets in previous researches. Fuzzy markup nets can model the uncertainty of concurrent scenarios different from a dynamic system by a board of parameters and use of fuzzy membership dependencies. Therefore, in order to define these uncertain data, it is vital to use a formal language to describe fuzzy Petri nets. To support this version in this thesis, a markup language will be presented stating the structure and grammar of markup language and covering fuzzy concepts in Petri nets as well. Presenting the suggested grammar accommodates the support of fuzzy develope.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5.4035