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INDONESIA
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics
Published by Universitas Islam Riau
ISSN : 27146219     EISSN : 26148315     DOI : 10.25299
Core Subject : Social, Engineering,
Automotive Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences
REM is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of Mechanical and Material Science and Development of Technology related with Mechanical Engineering. We accept submission from all over the world on English language. Our Editorial Board members are prominent and active researchers in renewable energy and mechanical engineering fields who ensure efficient, fair, and constructive peer-review process. All accepted articles will be published freely and available to all readers with worldwide visibility and coverage. REM (Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics) published periodically two times annually by Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau.
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Articles 104 Documents
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THE EFFECT OF VARIATION OF MIXTURE OF IJUK FIBER AND COCONUT FIBER WITH EPOXY MATRIX ON THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): REM VOL 8 No 02 2025
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Fibre-based composites continue to be investigated and developed as alternative materials to replace metals, primarily due to their advantageous properties of high strength and lower weight compared to metals. This study aims to fabricate fibre composites using ijuk fibres and coconut coir fibres as a matrix with epoxy resin. In this research, mixtures of ijuk fibres, coconut coir fibres, and epoxy resin were prepared in proportions of 20%:30%:50%, 25%:25%:50%, and 30%:20%:50%. The highest bending strength test results were obtained in specimen 3, which consisted of a mixture of 30% palm fibre, 20% coconut fibre, and 50% epoxy resin.  This specimen had a tensile strength value of 18.93 MPa and an impact value of 0.387 Joules/mm². This result can be attributed to the increasing proportion of ijuk fibres and the decreasing proportion of coconut coir fibres within the epoxy resin matrix, which influences the elastic strain of the fibre core (cellulose). The higher cellulose content of ijuk fibres enhances bending strength and impact resistance. This is supported by the impact (Charpy) test results, where specimen 3 (30%: 20%:50%) exhibited the highest bending and impact strength. Conversely, increasing the proportion of coconut coir fibres reduced the impact strength. The fracture morphology revealed that specimen 1 exhibited a brittle fracture, whereas specimens 2 and 3 exhibited a fibrous brittle fracture.
ANALYSIS OF PENSTOCK DESIGN AND LOSSES USING DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION IN A MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT AT WISATA TELAGA RIVER, MALANG
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): REM VOL 8 No 02 2025
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

This study presents the design analysis and energy loss calculation of a penstock system for a micro hydro power plant at the Wisata Telaga River. The analysis includes the determination of pipe length using geometric estimation, selection of pipe diameter based on hydraulic parameters, and evaluation of energy losses using the Darcy-Weisbach equation. A 0.45 m HDPE pipe was selected, and a gross head of 9.35 m was considered. The calculated flow velocity was 2.67 m/s, yielding a major head loss of 0.19 m and a minor loss of 0.18 m. The effective head was 8.98 m, resulting in an estimated net power output of 31.22 kW with an efficiency of 96%. These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility and efficiency of the proposed penstock design for rural micro-hydro applications.
DESIGN OF ORGANIC WASTE PROCESSING EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID SMOKE PRODUCTION
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): REM VOL 8 No 02 2025
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

This study presents the design of an organic waste processing device to produce liquid smoke through combustion, particle separation, and condensation processes. The system consists of a combustion chamber, a cyclone separator, and a condensation tube, which were designed and analyzed numerically with software. Dry organic waste such as coconut shells, rice husks, and leaves was used as raw material with a capacity of 15 kg per cycle. Simulation results show that the combustion chamber reached a maximum temperature of approximately 333°C, the cyclone separator achieved flow velocities of 4.72–7.48 m/s with effective particle separation, and the condensation tube reduced the smoke temperature to around 27°C, enabling liquid smoke formation. This device offers potential as a solution for organic waste management while producing valuable by-products such as natural pesticides and organic preservatives.
IMPACT OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON ENERGY GENERATION IN A PIEZOELECTRIC FLOOR PROTOTYPE
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): REM VOL 8 No 02 2025
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

The increasing global demand for energy has intensified the search for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, one of which involves harvesting mechanical energy from human activities using piezoelectric materials. This study designed and evaluated a piezoelectric floor prototype consisting of 128 parallel-connected PZT elements supported by spring columns as force transmission media, employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach. Experimental tests were conducted under two loading patterns (walking across and jumping) with mass variations of 69kg and 98kg, each repeated ten times. The output signals were recorded using an oscilloscope in a closed-circuit configuration with a 1 Ω resistor as the load. Results indicate that the jumping pattern produced higher voltage and current compared to walking, while increased body mass significantly enhanced system performance. Overall, the generated voltage ranged from 1.5 to 8.9V with an average current up to 11.7mA, where jumping with the heavier mass yielded the highest output. These findings confirm that both mass variation and loading pattern directly affect energy performance and highlight the potential of piezoelectric technology to contribute to sustainable energy development. Further studies are required to improve signal stability and to integrate the system with energy storage devices, thereby supporting practical large-scale applications.
The Effect of Variations in Mixtures of Copper and Graphite Powder on Electrical Conductivity, Bending Strength, and Microstructure of Polymer Conductor Plates Thaib, Hamdi; Panuh, Dedikarni
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): REM VOL 9 No 01 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/rem.2026.20838

Abstract

Polymer conductor plates are made from a Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) comprising non-metallic particles and a polymer matrix. One effective conductor of electric current is copper. This study was conducted to investigate how different mixtures of copper and graphite powder affect electrical conductivity, bending strength, and microstructure of the polymer conductor plate. The study tested various mixtures of copper powder, graphite, and epoxy resin in proportions of 15%: 75%: 10%, 20%: 70%: 10%, and 25%: 65%: 10%. The highest electrical conductivity and bending strength were observed in sample 3, which contained 25% copper powder, 65% graphite, and 10% epoxy resin. For comparison, a pure copper (100%) reference sample was also tested, yielding an electrical conductivity of 6.25 S/cm as a benchmark for the maximum achievable value. This is due to the greater amount of copper powder, which reduces resistance in the polymer conductor plate. Lower resistance in the polymer conductor plate allows easier current flow; thus, lower resistivity enhances its electrical conductivity. A high bending strength is achieved because copper is a malleable metal that can withstand directional loads. This is evident from the microstructure test results, where a higher copper content correlates with higher electrical conductivity and bending strength.
The Effect of Fibre Direction on the Mechanical Properties of Polyester Matrix-Based Palm Oil Fibre Composite Yulianto, Dody; Arman Maulana; Shandy Kurniadi; Ari Prasetyo; Sehat Abdi Saragih; Jhonni Rahman; Kurnia Hastuti; Eddy Elfiano
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): REM VOL 9 No 01 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/rem.2026.23953

Abstract

The increasing use of composite materials, especially for the two-wheeled vehicle industry, requires an in-depth study of fibre direction. Where the fiber direction can determine the occurrence of initial damage to the composite material. This study aims to produce a composite board from oil palm fruit fibre reinforced with a polyester matrix. In this study, the composite board consists of 3 types, namely sample 1 (discontinuous direction 0°), sample 2 (discontinuous direction 90°), and sample 3 (random fibre direction). The highest bending and impact test results were in specimen 1 with a 0° fibre direction, namely 63.93 MPa and 0.519 Joules/mm2, while the lowest bending and impact test results were in specimen 3 with a random fibre direction, namely 58.63 MPa and 0.382 Joules/mm2. Specimens with horizontal fibre directions have higher strength values. When the fibres are arranged in a 90° direction and a random direction, the mechanical strength is lower, because the load is mostly borne by the material matrix, which is generally weaker than the fibres. Macrophotography at 0° shows that the bonding mechanism of oil palm fruit fibres with the polyester resin matrix is quite good, with visible fibre pullout. This indicates that the bond between the fibre and the matrix weakens as the applied load increases. When the matrix fails, the fibres can still bear the load, so the fracture process does not occur simultaneously with the matrix failure. If the composite fibres become more brittle and the load is distributed to the fibres, which pulls them out, this will result in high toughness and bending strength.
Design and Development of a Palm and Coconut Stick Shaving Machine Using an Adjustable Blade Ma'a, Mustaza; Gozali, Serano; Novison, Roni; Wijianto, Agus
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): REM VOL 9 No 01 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Oil palm and coconut are important crops in Indonesia that produce vegetable oil. However, both plants also generate a very large amount of waste, one of which is leaves. These leaves are often not utilized optimally and are simply wasted, even though the midrib section has the potential to be used as material for various crafts. This study aims to design and develop a stripping machine for coconut and oil palm midribs using an adjustable blade innovation, which can adapt to variations in midrib diameter to produce clean and optimal strips. The machine utilizes two blades which one adjustable blade for adapting to the midrib diameter and one fixed blade, an AC motor as the main drive, and rubber rollers as the midrib feeder. The outcome of this design is expected to help communities utilize midrib waste more effectively and contribute to increasing the added value of agricultural waste. Furthermore, the use of an adjustable blade mechanism is expected to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the stripping process.
A Review of the Legal, Regulatory, and Economic Barriers to Wind Energy Development in Iraq Ali, Taghreed
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): REM VOL 9 No 01 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Iraq, a nation heavily reliant on hydrocarbon resources, faces a severe and persistent electricity crisis, necessitating a strategic shift towards diversifying its energy mix. Wind energy presents a compelling opportunity to address these challenges, offering a clean, sustainable, and potentially abundant power source. However, the large-scale development of wind energy in Iraq is significantly hampered by a complex interplay of legal, regulatory, and economic barriers. This review paper meticulously examines these impediments, drawing upon extensive academic literature, policy documents, and expert analyses. Legally, the absence of enacted comprehensive renewable energy legislation, coupled with ambiguities arising from unresolved hydrocarbon legislation and complexities in land ownership, creates an uncertain investment climate. Regulatory hurdles stem from an evolving and often unclear framework, a lack of transparent guidelines for licensing and grid connection, pervasive bureaucratic inefficiencies, and insufficient inter-ministerial coordination. Economically, high initial investment costs, fierce competition with heavily subsidised fossil fuels, limited access to financing, and an unstable macroeconomic environment deter private sector participation. The pervasive issue of corruption further exacerbates these challenges, increasing risks and costs for potential developers.  
The Effect of Roof Slope and Orientation on the Performance of On-Grid PV Plants in Central Java, Indonesia Umam, Mukhamad Faeshol; Patria, Mochamad Febrian Adhi; Fitri, Sanira; Cantika, Mauria; Pramudya, Wulan Regina; Farras, Hani Aulia
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): REM VOL 9 No 01 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive five-year performance analysis of four 20 kWp grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic plants in Central Java, Indonesia, to evaluate the impact of roof slope and orientation. The research identifies an optimal configuration of 20° tilt with a Northeast (45°) orientation, which yielded a peak DC power of 15.2 kW and demonstrated the highest initial and long-term energy production. However, this investigation reveals that one system with a near-optimal geometry suffered a failure, reducing its output by over 70% due to a single-array fault, while a suboptimal dual-orientation system maintained higher production through consistent operation. The data conclusively shows that performance degradation and component failure can outweigh the advantages of an optimal roof design. The study concludes that the economic viability of rooftop PV in Central Java is contingent upon a dual strategy: prioritizing optimal roof geometry for maximum energy potential, and implementing a proactive operations and maintenance regime to protect the investment. These findings provide an evidence-based guidance for stakeholders to optimize both the design and lifetime performance of solar energy systems.
Performance Analysis of 160WP Solar Panels as an Energy Source for 125 Watt Irrigation Pumps Prasetyo, Hendrawan; Rozak, Ojak Abdul; Sumarno, Edy; Susilo, Joko Tri
Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): REM VOL 9 No 01 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Solar energy has great potential as a source of renewable energy in Indonesia, especially in areas experiencing prolonged dry seasons. Long dry seasons that result in crop failure are one of the causes of declining agricultural yields, so appropriate technological solutions are needed for difficult agricultural land irrigation systems during the dry season. The need for water supply is important, but this system requires an independent source of electrical energy. The application of Solar Power Plants (PLTS) as a power source for 125W irrigation pumps is an alternative solution. This research aims to create and test a 160Wp solar power plant system as an energy source. The system made consists of solar panels, solar charge controller (SCC), 12V 100Ah LiFePO4 battery and inverter. Tests are carried out to measure the intensity of sunlight, voltage, current, and calculate the output power of the system, as well as the efficiency of the solar panels. The test results showed that the system produced an average solar irradiation of 636,72W/m² of 13,88V voltage, 3,78A current. Meanwhile, the system output power is 51,50W so that an efficiency of 21,07% is obtained. Thus, the solar PV system made is able to charge batteries up to 13,16V, this renewable energy source is proven to be efficient as an energy source for a 125W irrigation pump.

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