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Center of Excellence Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Universitas Sumatera Utara (PUI KNF USU), Hospital of Universitas Sumatera Utara, 4th floor, JL. Dr. Mansyur No. 66 Kampus USU Medan 20154, Sumatera Utara
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International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : 26569027     EISSN : 26569035     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/ijnpc
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
The International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (IJNPC) is an open access journal that publishes research findings from disciplines related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This journal was published by the Center of Excellence Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Universitas Sumatera Utara, collaborated with TALENTA Publisher Universitas Sumatera Utara. The publication of papers is quarter yearly, published in March, June, September, and December within 10 articles per issue. The journal is purposed to provide international sources of information to doctors and other health professionals who are interested in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This journal is expected to improve communication between researchers so that it has an impact on the development of knowledge regarding nasopharyngeal carcinoma and stimulates further research related to head and neck surgical oncology, diagnosis, and clinical management.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma" : 10 Documents clear
Current Outcome of Adjuvant Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review Namira Kesuma Jelita; Marlinda Adham; Saffanah Zahra
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4301

Abstract

Introduction: Indonesia are among the top 5 countries with highest prevalence of NPC with a meta-analysis from 2018 stating prevalence as high as 13.084 cases. According to the latest guideline published by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in 2018. The main treatment for NPC remain radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Induction or adjuvant chemotherapy place in treatment are still uncertain because variety of results from multiple clinical trial. Discussion: This review evaluates the current outcome of patient undergoing chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and its usage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient. Search on online databases are performed with keywords including “nasopharyngeal carcinoma”, “chemotherapy”, “adjuvant” and “outcome” along with their synonyms. Studies in English from 2014-2019 are included.  Quality assessment were done with Newcastle Ottawa Scale for Cohort studies and with CEBM for Randomized Controlled Trial Studies. Risk of bias assessed using Cochrane Method. A total of 7 studies were included in the final review with 1 RCT and 6 Cohort study. Most study have no significance in overall survival, progressive disease or distant metastasis free time, but differ in high stage and high risk patient. Three studies included toxicity as an outcome with adjuvant toxicity outweigh the need to add another round of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy is believed to be necessary in eliminating residual cancer cells but current studies shows little improvement in overall survival and sometimes unbearable toxicities.
Side Effects of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Genggam Jagad Agami; Yussy Afriani Dewi; Ongka Muhammad Saifuddin
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4332

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma of the mucosal nasopharynx with a unique geographical distribution which particularly prevalent in the east and southeast Asia. While nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly radiosensitive tumor, chemotherapy is added to enhance the effect of treatment. The therapeutic side effect is one of many factors that need to be considered when choosing the treatment method. Therefore, this study is conducted to address the side effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Objective: This study is conducted to address the side effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study with total sampling method of all NPC patients in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital 2015-2019 period. Results: From a total of 247 subjects, NPC occurred in 180 men (72.87%). The most widely used regimen was Cisplatin + 5FU which is used in 187 patients (75.70%). There were several side effects caused by NPC chemotherapy including vomiting, nausea, fatigue, weight loss, dermatitis, stomatitis, hepatotoxicity, ototoxic, diarrhea, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Conclusion: The most common side effect of cisplatin+5FU were ototoxicity therefore, audiometric examination both before and after administration of chemotherapy. Laboratory examination was needed for the administration of carboplatin+paclitaxel to monitor the side effects of neutropenia.
Association between Mosquito Coils Use with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Witri Septiani; Yussy Afriani Dewi; Irvan Afriandi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4381

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy of squamous cells on the nasopharyngeal epithelial layer and is the most common otorhinolaryngology malignancy found in Indonesia. The etiology of NPC is multifactorial, including food, environment, genetics, and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Mosquito coils contain volatile carcinogens, such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, which may cause malignancy on upper respiratory tract epithelial cells. Objectives: The study aimed to understand the association between mosquito coils use with the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: This was a hospital-based unmatched case-control study design involving 80 patients on the Oncology Clinic of Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from September to October 2015. The questionnaire about NPC risk factor exposure, including the history of mosquito coil use, was applied as a study instrument. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test to acquire the association between two categorical variables and was considered significant if P-value is <0.05. Results: The percentage of mosquito coil users in the case group (52.7%) was higher than in the control group (30%). Statistical analysis using the chi-square test revealed P = 0.041 with OR (CI 95%) equals 2.58 (1.03-6.45). This result showed that mosquito coil use might increase the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence by 2.58-fold. Conclusion: There is an association between mosquito coils use with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Profile of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients in Otorhinolaryngology-HNS Department Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan During 2014-2016 Rizalina Arniwati Asnir; Ashri Yudhistira; Namira Friliandita
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4382

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal cancer is the most common malignant tumor found among any other malignant ENT tumors in Indonesia. Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a unique epithelial malignancy arising from the superior aspect of the pharyngeal mucosal space associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in most cases. Nasopharyngeal cancer is generally more common in Southeast Asia. The five countries with the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in the world were China, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, and Malaysia, respectively. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of characteristics of distant metastases in nasopharyngeal cancer patients in the Otorhinolaryngology-HNS Department Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan during 2014-2016. Methods: This was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design in a retrospective manner, where this study aimed to look at how the characteristics of distant metastasis in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer Results: From all over the subject, distant metastases most common in liver 52 (24.5%), follow by Renal function impairment 18 (8.5%), Lung metastasis 10 (4.7%), Heart Impairment 10 (4.7%). Conclusion: Most people with nasopharyngeal cancer come from the age group 38-47 years (31.6%). Most sufferers of nasopharyngeal cancer are men (69.3%). The state of disease in nasopharyngeal cancer with the highest incidence rate is stage IV (63.7%). Most organ impairment found in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer is liver disorder (24.5%).
Retrospective Review of Nasofaring Carcinoma in Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital on 2011-2019 Period Andi Bachri; Nani Iriani Djufri
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4400

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common head and neck malignant tumor in Indonesia (60%), followed by malignant nasal and paranasal sinuses (18%), and larynx (16%).  Prevention of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is still a problem; this is because the etiology is still uncertain; early symptoms are not typical. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to review nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases based on gender, stage, ethnicity, and complaints in Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study to review the case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital from January 2011 to June 2019 with total samples of 280 cases. Samples were taken from medical records, and the data about gender, ethnicity, stage of the tumor, and complaints were collected. Results: Complaints felt by patients were generally due to a neck lump in 175 cases (62.5%), Blood staine rinore 45 cases (16%), tinnitus 25 cases (8.9%), cephalgia 5 cases (1 7%). Comparison of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to sex, men compared with women 2:1, namely men 188 cases (67.14%) and women 92 cases (32.86%). The origin of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was the Bugis-Makassar tribe 178 cases (63.57%), the Toraja tribe as many as 32 cases (11.43%), Java 10 cases (3.57%), Mandar 4 cases (1.43%), others 56 cases (20%). The stages of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma were stage IV 160 cases (57.14%), stage III 57 cases (20.36%), stage II 49 cases (17.5%), stage I 14 cases (5%). Conclusion: 280 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been treated with a male ratio of 188 people: 92 women or 2: 1, this is the same as previous studies. The youngest age is found at 9 years as many as 3 people. The youngest age ever reported in Semarang is 4 years. Furthermore, most cases come in stage IV.
The Role of HLA-A2 Expression, CYP2E1 Gene Polymorphisms, and Nitrosamine Levels of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients in Makassar Nani Iriani Djufri; Irawan Yusuf; Sutji Pratiwi Rahardjo; Abdul Qadar Punagi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4401

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is caused by several factors such as infections of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), it has also been exaggerated by the genetic factors such as, HLA-A2, and environmental factors such as nitrosamines and the presence of polymorphisms of CYP2E1 gene that activates nitrosamines as pro oncogenes. Objective: To analyse the relationship between HLA-A2 expression, gene polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and nitrosamine levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Makassar. Methods: This research is analytic observational with cross-sectional design. Examination of HLA-A2 expression with immunohistochemical methods was conducted, along with genotyping CYP2E1 gene with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP), and levels of nitrosamines with LCMS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). There are 70 samples with NPC, with clinical stadium according to AJCC 2010.  Data were also analyzed with SPSS 20 statistical tests and chi-square. Results: There is no significant result found within the expression of HLA-A2 with a clinical stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (P =0.554). Therefore, there is no significant correlation between the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism with the clinical stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (P=0.088). Furthermore, there is no significant correlation found between the levels of nitrosamines with clinical stage (P=0.079) and there was no significant relationship between CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and levels of nitrosamines with clinical stage. Moreover, there was no significant relation between the expression of HLA-A2, CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and levels of nitrosamines with a history of smoking. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between the expression of HLA-A2, CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and levels of nitrosamines to the clinical stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. However, if the CT genotype and levels of nitrosamines were detected in the samples obtained, then they have an increased progression of 7.2 times greater compared to patients who only had the CT genotype or only detectable levels of nitrosamines.
Bone Metastases in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Ni Ketut Susilawati; Hamsu Kadriyan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4438

Abstract

Introduction: The incidence of bone metastases is as much as 20% of all distant metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the publication regarding bone metastasis is limited. Case Report: Reported a 58-year-old male patient with a mass on the right upper jugular neck lymph node. According to history taking, physical examination, radiology, and histopathology work up, concluded that the patients were established as nasopharyngeal cancer with the thoraco-lumbal bone metastasis. The physician was starting the chemotherapy; however, due to the advanced stage, this patient was death after the second chemotherapy. Conclusion: In this article presented a nasopharyngeal carcinoma case with bone metastases that have been diagnosed with stage IV B nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This article also described the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bone metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Correlation of IgA-EA Epstein Barr Virus with Risk Factors on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Type III Roni Januardi; Yussy Afriani Dewi; Tonny Basriyadi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4507

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor derived from epithelial cells on the surface of the nasopharynx. The etiology of NPC is multifactorial, including genetic, environmental, and virological factors. Approximately 90% of NPC patients have a positive serology of EBV against IgA EA. Increased IgA EA titre was associated with NPC incidence. Objective: To examine the relationship of the increased value of IgA EA EBV titre on NPC type III with risk factor of mosquito coil smoke, smoking, salted fish and preserved food. Methods: This study was prospective observational analytic in the clinic of Oncology Head and Neck Surgery, Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung period July-October 2017, followed by 90 subjects who underwent history, histopathologic, and serology examination IgA EA by ELISA method. Statistical analysis using Mann Whitney test and Exact Fisher correlation test. Results: Based on serology IgA-EA with ELISA in NPC type III patient, the level of IgA-EA titres on subjects of salted fish and preserved foods 1.52 to 5.24, smoking 1.22 to 2.53, and mosquito coil smoke was found in the level of IgA EA 1.13 to 2.12. Statistical analysis of quantitative IgA EA in NPC type III with the risk factor of salted fish and preserved foods had the highest mean value (2.10 ± 0.692). Conclusion: There is correlation of the increase of IgA-EA EBV titration on NPC type III with risk factors of salted fish and preserved foods, smoking, and the use of mosquito coils smoke. There is no correlation risk factors of NPC type III with clinical stage.
Tumor (T) Staging and the Association with LMP1 Expression in NPC Patients
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4533

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is disease derived from squamous cell epithelium. It is closely associate with EBV infection, which its latent infection express several genes, including latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1). LMP1 is associate with the growth of tumor by activating several signaling pathway and gene expression. Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the overexpression of LMP1 based on T stage. Methods: This was a cross-sectional design with statistical analysis. We used CT scan with contrast to evaluate the primary tumor size based on AJCC 2010. The overexpression of LMP1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining based on IRS. The study was conducted in Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Indonesia. Fisher exact test was used to analyze the association of LMP1 overexpression and T stage. Results: Our study showed the overexpression of LMP1 was most common in stage T3 with 23 (37.1%) samples. Then followed by stage T4, T2, and T1 with 20 (32.3%), 16 (25.8%), and 3 (4.8%) samples respectively. There was not significant association of LMP1 overexpression with T stage (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The overexpression of LMP1 is found mostly in late T stage including T3 and T4. Different with our hypothesis, there was not association of T stage with LMP1 overexpression. We suggested the LMP1 was in indirect role in the growth of tumor as it not strong enough to affect the T stage. However, the highest expression in late stage supported for LMP1 used as prognostic biomarker and may be applicative in targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
The Association between Cox-2 and MMP-9 with Clinical Staging in NPC Patients Farhat Farhat; Elvita Rahmi Daulay; Jessy Chrestella
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA Vol. 2 No. 03 (2020): International Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Publisher : TALENTA PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/ijnpc.v2i03.4535

Abstract

Introduction: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection is responsible for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). LMP1 as the product of express gene by EBV latent infection is responsible in inducing Matrix Metalloproteinase–9 (MMP-9) and Cyclooxygenase–2 (COX-2). The two factors are associate with the metastasis of cancer and were thought to be a prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.  Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the overexpression of MMP-9 and COX-2 in NPC patients and the combination of those two with the clinical staging of NPC which lead to an evidence of those two in NPC. This study also needed to reveal the association of MMP-9 expression in response of COX-2 expression.  Methods: This study was a cross sectional design study with statistical analytic approach. Samples was paraffin blocks which taken from the patients diagnosed with NPC with non-probability consecutive sampling method and underwent immunohistochemistry staining. Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test was conducted to analyze the data, significant if P<0.05. Results: From the total 98 samples, we found the highest overexpression of MMP-9, COX-2, and both of them in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were in WHO Type II (80.8%; 78.8%; 78.6%), T3 (35.9%; 40.0%; 38.6%), N3 (53.8%; 53.8%; 60.0%), M1 (69.2%; 67.5%; 75.7%), and stage IV NPC (69.2%; 67.5%; 75.7%), respectively. There were significant association of primary tumor size, lymph node enlargement, the presence of distant metastasis, and clinical staging in the overexpression of MMP-9, COX-2, and both of them, but not histopathological type. There was association between MMP-9 with COX-2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Conclusion: Overexpression of MMP-9, COX-2, and both of them occurs correspondence with increase clinical staging. COX-2 is associate with MMP-9 and those two may be used as prognostic biomarker.

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