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ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering

AJChE
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 26555409 EISSN : 26555409 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.52004

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

The ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering publishes papers on Chemical Engineering, specifically but not limited to the areas of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, process control, environment, energy, biotechnology, corrosion, separation science, powder technology, materials science, and chemical engineering education

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi

Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 2 (2004)" : 10 Documents clear

Gas-LiquidMassTransferin Continuous Oscillatory Flow BaaledColumnina Taslim Taslim; Mahd. Sabri Takriff
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Gas-liquid mass transfer in continuous oscillatory flow was conducted in a vertical baffled column. Pure carbon dioxide (C02) was used as the dispersed phase and tap water was used as the continuous phase. The mass transfer rate of C02 measured under continuous operation was expressed in terms of the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and was calculated using a stationary method. The effects of oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude, and flow rates on mass transfer were also determined. The results showed that a significant increase in mass transfer could be achieved in oscillatory flow in a baffled column comp.:lfed to that in a bubble column. The mass transfer in continuous oscillatory flow in a baffled column was not affected by the liquid flow rate in the range tested. Then, kLQwas correlated as a function of power density and superficial gas velocity.

Bunering apabiliti of B-chloropropionic Acid-Sodium B-chloropropionate Slstellin Acidic Geotherllal Brine Yolanda P. Brondial
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Philippines, being part of the Pacific "Ring of Fire," has abundant geothermal energy. Since a substantial number of drilled wells produce acidic geofluid with high enthalpy and high wellhead pressure, it becomes imperative to develop these wells for power generation. A potential pH-buffering method for commercializing high- enthalpy acidic geothermal wells was explored in this study to raise the pH of the geofluids to ~3.5, the level considered by geothermal reservoir engineers to be noncorrosive to low-carbon steel. The noncondensible gases of acidic geothermal wells are relatively high in H2S and C02 while the brine is high in sulphates. These substances, aside from being potential hazards, account ror the acidity of geofluid. Design-Expert@ 6 was used in modeling pH buffering using five design factors (pH geofluid, pH BCPH-NaBCp, volume BCPH-NaBCP, concentration BCPH-NaBCp, and temperature of solution) and one response factor (pH of resulting solution). Two experimental designs were used for the study. Experimental laboratory results showed that BCPH-NaBCP could raise the pH to >3.5 and that the initial pH of the geofluid as well as the pH, concentration, and volume of the BCPH-NaBCP solution significantly influenced the stable pH of the final solution. The best combination of factors was then used in a bench scale setup to investigate the possibility of applying pH buffering at high velocity. Results showed that BCPH-NaBCP was useful for fast buffering and could be used to commercialize acidic wells.

Optimization of 5-kW Mobile and Portable PEMFC System via Energy Integration Siti Kartom Kamarudin; Wan Ramli Wan Daud; Ayub Md. Som; Jr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Mohd. Sobri Takrif
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

he main objective of this study is to design an energy recovery system for the Proton Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) that will optimize energy use through heat integration. A PEMFC system with a power output of 5 kW was used in the case study. Methanol, which served as primary fuel source of the autothermal reformer (ATR) system, was fed together with steam and oxygen. Based on the conceptual design, the ATR product contains about 73% H2' 2% CO, and 25% C02' The hydrogen-rich reform ate produced by reforming primary fuels in the fuel proC€t::30r ystem, which scontains a significant amount of CO, was reduced further via Water Gas Shift (WGS) reactor, Tubular Ceramic Membrane (TCM), and Pressure Swing Adsorber (PSA) in series. From the plots, the pinch point was determined at 540°C,the minimum process heating requirement from hot utilities QH mon at 140 W, and the minimum process cooling requirement from cold utilities Qc. at 96 W. Furthermore, energy recovery for both heating and cooling purposes aft~; heat integration registered at 92% and 95%, respectively. Also, the number of heat exchangers reduced from 7 to 4 after heat integration.

Separation of Nickellrom Plating Solution by Sulluration TreatmentT T. Fukuta; T. Ito; K. Sawada; Yoshihiro Kojima; Eileen C. Bernardo; Hitoki Matsuda; K. Yagishita
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Precipitation by sulfuration of nickel was used to recover nickel from the waste plating solution. Three kinds of sulfurating agents-sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium disulfide (Na2S2),and sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4)-were compared for the sulfuration behavior and the precipitation characteristics of the nickel sulfide (NiS) produced. Results showed that the nickel concentration in the filtrate was reduced from the initial concentration of 100 mRN/L to about 0.594-3.37 mRN/L with the addition of each sulfurating agent. The average specific filtration resistance of the slurry produced by adding each sulfurating agent was smaller than that in the nickel hydroxide (NiOH) slurry. In particular, the average specific filtration resistance of the slurry produced by adding Na2S4 was greatly reduced under controlled pH values of 7:t 1. The good filtration property obtained from the proposed sulfuration treatment was attributed to the larger particle-size distribution of NiS produced by the sulfuration agent Na2S4. It was further confirmed that the proposed sulfuration treatment using Na2S was applicable for the separation of nickel, zinc, and copper in mixed-metal solutions.

Maximizing Energy Efficiency and Minimizing Environmental Emissions in the Process Industri Using Thermal Pinch Analysis Zainuddin A. Manan
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Efforts to increase plant energy efficiency intensify with the continuing increase in fuel prices and the growing global concern for environmental emis~ions. As new processes and technologies emerge, existing procedures are pressured to increase efficiency and maintain profitability to remain competitive. Many installations have focused on energy efficiency upgrading to increase profitability. Energy efficiency measures employed in local industries, however, have been generally confined to good housekeeping techniques and the upgrade of utility systems, such as boilers, steam systems, chillers, hot oil circuit, and refrigeration and cooling systems. Very few companies are willing venture into process operations to further reduce their energy consumption. As a result, the benefits that can be derived from retrofit projects have been greatly limited. The advent of thermal pinch analysis provid~5 a comprehensive and systematic approach to maximize plant energy efficiency. This paper highlights some key features of thermal pinch analysis aimed at maximizing energy efficiency and reducing environmental emissions. It begins by describing the significance of pinch design targets and the use of simple graphical tools as guides for process modifications to reduce further energy usage and emissions. Finally, the paper highlights how the interactions between process plant and utility systems can be exploited to a company's advantage.

Utilization of Sugars in Hydrolysate from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Ethanol Fermentation using Pichiastipitis CBS 5773 Herri Susanto; Achmad Ali Syamsuriputra
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The utilization of pentose derived from hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were studied using (a) acid hydrolysis at a mild condition, (b) detoxification of hydrolysate containing pentose, (c) cell growth, and (d) fermentation to produce ethanol. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis were observed to be able to metabolize pentose in the hydrolysate derived from EFB, only Pichia stipitis was able to produce ethanol. When xylose was used as a model compound for pentose, the optimum xylose concentration for fermentation was 30 glL with the ethanol concentration in fermentation broth upto 13 g/L. Fermentation with higher xylose concentrations produced ethanol with a concentration of about 6 glL. Fermentation using pentose derived from detoxified hydrolysate could produce ethanol with a concentration in fermentation broth of about 3 g/L.

Coagulation-Adsorption of Suspended Solids and Residual Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Chitosan Abdul Latif bin Ahmad; S. Sumathi; Bassim H. Hameed
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A bench-scale study of suspended solids and residue oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) was conducted. Residual oil and suspended solids constitute a severe problem in POME treatments. Preliminary analysis showed that PO ME contains about 4,000 mg/! of residual oil and 18,000 mg/! of suspended solids. These values are very high compared to the maximum limit allowed by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) at about 50 mg/I for residual oil and 400 mg/I for suspended solids. Chitosan, poly-p (1-4)2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-deacetylated), is a biodegradable cationic biopolymer obtained by extensive deal«tylation of chitin. Chitosan was applied as a coagulant to sequester the suspended solid and as an adsorbent to adsorb the residual oil. In this study, the effects were analyzed using the jar test apparatus as the standard procedure for bench-scale testing. The effects of experimental parameters, such as dosage of chitosan, mixing time, mixing rate, sedimentation time, and pH, were performed to study and manipulate the optimum conditions. Results showed that a combination of 0.5 g dosage of chitosan, 15 min of mixing time, 100 rpm of mixing rate, and 30 min of sedimentation at pH 5 provide the most suitable condition for the removal of POME residual oil and suspended solids. The removal percentage for residual oil was 99% whereas for suspended solids the value was 250 mg/!. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study proved the adsorption of residual oil on chitosan.

Heavy Metals Characterization of Sludge from a Philippine Recycling Paper Mill Lorraine A. Carrillo; Susan M. Gallardo
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Wastewater treatment sludge, which is the largest volume residual waste stream generated by the pulp and paper industry, is generally disposed of in a dedicated landfill. Composting the sludge is an alternative method proposed by the Asian Regional Research Program on Environmental Technology-De La Salle University (ARRPET-DLSU) Minor Issue Group. The Philippine Department of Agriculture's (DA) standards for an organic fertilizer's maximum allowable content of heavy metals provided the legislative regulation for the conversion of sludge to compost. The research was designed to characterize the sludge samples from TIPCO, a Philippine paper-recycling mill, and establish whether the sludge contained the heavy metals cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (MS). Sampling was done for four weeks during newsprint and white paper production. Three discharge terminals were established as sampling points. The samples showed that the metal content of the sludge vary from point to point and was highest throughout the manufacture of white paper. Chromium, mercury, and nickel, however, were nondetectable in all the samples, while cadmium was detectable only in very few samples. Lead and zinc were present at all three points and were highest at the de inking sludge. Comparing the results with Part 503 of the United States EPA and the DA's guidelines for organic fertilizers yield significantly lower parameter values. Composting the sludge was, therefore, found to be a feasible option for recycling paper-mill sludge since the metal content were very low compared to local and international standards.

Perfomance of Chromium-Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts in the Combustion of Volatile Organic Compound Pollutants Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah; Mohamad Zallani Abu Bakar; Subhash Bhatia
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The activity and stability of chromium-exchanged beta (Cr-BEA),mordenite (Cr-MOR), and ZSM-5 (Cr-ZSM-5) zeolites of different Si/Alratios for volatile organic compounds (VOCS) combustion were reported. A fixed-bed catalytic reactor operated between 100 and 500°C and at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 32,000 h'! was used for the study. Methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, hexane, toluene, and xylene, all at 2,000 ppm, were selected as the VOC model compounds. Oxygenated VOCs were more reactive while showing good carton dioxide yield. Aromatics were more stable due to their resonance effect but the reactivity increased with the attachment of an electron donor group such as the methyl group. Cr-ZSM- 5(240) demonstrated the highest hydrothermal stability due to its high Si/Al ratio. Despite giving a high initial activity due to its high metal loading, Cr-BEA(25) was susceptible to coking in the long run. The high coke formation in mordenite and beta zeolites was attributed to their high acidity, interconnecting channels of different sizes, and relatively larger pore sizes. The coke that formed on Cr-ZSM-5(240) was more carbonaceous and oxidized at higher temperatures.

Modelling as an Aid to Biomass Combustion in Plant Design Michael R.I Purvis; Gilbert Lim; Susan A. Races; Carlita M. Salazar; Raymond Girard R. Tan; Stanley Santos
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Solid biomass materials are recognized as a sustainable energy source worldwide. In particular, lump biomass has considerable potential for exploitation as fuel in small- size underfeed stokers. The paper considers the design features of the underfeed stoker and its advantages in the burning of biomass. Some expe. i nental results are given to indicate the plant parameters to be modelled. An initial modelling approach is described for single-particle solid fuel combustion to predict flow patterns using the FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code. Predictions are compared against available experimental results showing reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement. The paper concludes with information on the constraints on the modelling study and proposals for new work.

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Contact Name
Ari Pramudyantoro

Contact Email
ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+62274555320

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ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ari Pramudyantoro

Contact Email ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Phone +62274555320

Journal Mail Official ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ari Pramudyantoro

Contact Email
ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+62274555320

Journal Mail Official
ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA