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Developing Bluetooth phonocardiogram for detecting heart murmurs using hybrid MFCC and LSTM
Wahyu Nugroho, Dwi Oktavianto;
Hikmah, Nada Fitrieyatul;
A’alimah, Fathin Hanum;
Oktavia, Nabila Shafa;
Dwi Winarsih, Meitha Auliana;
Elparani, Sirsta Hayatu;
Rifqi Hananto, R. M. Tejo
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp878-887
Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of mortality. Most stethoscopes still necessitate the use of tubing, which entails direct physical contact between the healthcare provider and patient. The stethoscope can serve as a means of transmission if it is utilized on individuals who have been diagnosed with airborne and droplet-borne infectious illnesses. A prototype was created to capture heart sounds using a Phonocardiography (PCG) device over website-based Bluetooth connectivity. This approach offers the benefits of being cost-effective, facilitating computer-aided diagnostics, and being wearable. In addition, the primary significance of this study resides in the identification of heart sound irregularities caused by cardio dynamic abnormalities of the heart valves, known as murmurs. The heart sound categorization process utilizes a machine learning model that involves extracting 25 Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) as features. The model employs a hybrid approach combining convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) techniques. The research findings indicate that the suggested model achieves an average accuracy rate of 95.9% over five distinct categories, i.e., normal, atrial stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and mitral valves prolapse. Further study can be conducted on hardware development by incorporating an infrared sensor at the fingertip of the stethoscope.
PV system applied on the new PUC-NPC inverter
Amari, Abdelhay Sadki;
El Gadari, Ayoub;
Arbaoui, Abdezzahid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp720-728
In this article, the authors present a new competitive Packed-U-cell and neutral point clamped (PUC-NPC) 9-level converter that utilizes a small number of power switches and passive components. Only seven switches are added to a single DC source. However, the proposed converter takes benefits of the neutral point clamped (NPC) converter’s capability to connect capacitors in series, all with a simple control that enables the algorithm associated to the proposed inverter operate correctly in an open loop operation. A technique of pulse width modulation (PWM) is employed to maintain capacitor voltage at desired values. The proposed inverter produces an almost sinusoidal waveform output voltage, as result, a perfectly sinusoidal charge current with minimal impact on the economy and energy consumption are optioned. The converter has been integrated with a photovoltaic system to minimize its impact on the electricity supply and enhance energy efficiency. In order to take a maximum power from the photovoltaic panel, authors employ a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique based on disturbance and observe (P and O). When combined with the proposed control technique, it offers a competitive system suitable for standalone use or as an energy source, eliminating the need for PI regulators or additional investments. The proposed 9-level converter has been validated through simulation, utilizing the MATLAB Simulink environment to model the proposed system. Dynamics of this later were verified by changing the load charge.
A relational background knowledge boosting based topic model for Chinese poems
Peng, Lei;
Porntrakoon, Paitoon
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp1227-1243
Classical Chinese poetry has been increasingly popular in recent years, and modeling its topic is quite a promising area of research. Chinese poems have the characteristic of short in length, but traditional topic models perform poorly when faced with short texts due to the text sparsity. Therefore, topic model should be improved to satisfy the scenario of classical Chinese poems. In this paper, a relational background knowledge boosting based topic model (RBKBTM) was proposed to overcome the text sparsity of Chinese poems. We incorporated background information into the model, which expanded the text content from the semantic perspective. The background knowledge was combined using word embedding and TextRank and was then fed into the core computing process. Subsequently, a new sampling formula was derived. Our proposed model was tested on three different tasks using three different datasets. The results demonstrate that the incorporated background knowledge can effectively overcomes text sparsity, improving the performance and effectiveness of the topic model.
A new highly efficient MAC protocol for WBAN: exceptional performance in the face of selfish behaviors
Azdad, Nabila;
Elboukhari, Mohamed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp1082-1090
Over the last two decades, wireless body area networks (WBANs) have gained significant traction in healthcare applications. These networks facilitate connections among various sensors, which can be integrated into clothing, placed directly on the body, or implanted beneath the skin. While these sensors typically serve a single application, they generate traffic with diverse requirements. Managing this diversity necessitates tailored treatment to meet specific traffic needs while satisfying application requirements such as reliability and timeliness. In this paper, we propose a novel, flexible, and power-efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol designed to seamlessly complement existing solutions. Our protocol, available in two versions as an enhancement to the beacon-enabled mode of IEEE 802.15.4, aims to optimize quality of service (QoS) for periodic traffic applications within WBANs, irrespective of traffic and density conditions, without compromising energy efficiency. Our results demonstrate significant improvements compared to the standardized IEEE 802.15.4-MAC protocol across all test scenarios, even in the presence of selfish behaviors. These findings underscore the protocol’s efficacy in enhancing reliability and efficiency in wireless healthcare systems.
Optimizing wireless sensor networks using centrality metrics: a strategic approach
Kallakunta, Suneela;
Sreenivas, Alluri
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp1181-1190
This research paper presents a methodology for improving wireless sensor network (WSN) performance by leveraging centrality measures, including degree, betweenness, closeness, eigenvector, and Katz centrality. Employing a random walk graph model, this study constructs networks with 30 and 50 nodes to investigate the impact of these centrality metrics on routing decisions to optimize energy efficiency, minimize latency, and enhance overall network reliability. Additionally, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationships among these centrality measures through various correlation techniques, such as Pearson correlation, Kendall rank correlation, and Spearman correlation, offering insights into how these metrics can effectively improve WSN operations.
Gesture recognition technology: a new dimension in human-computer interaction interface
Beisov, Nurbol;
Madyarova, Gulnar;
Kerimbayev, Nurassyl
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp1311-1324
Development of an interface for intelligent gesture control to improve user experience and increase the efficiency of interaction with a computer. This paper proposes a gesture recognition system based on artificial intelligence using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The system comprises three stages: pre-processing, optimal frame determination, and gesture category identification. The extracted features used are independent of movement, scaling, and rotation, providing greater flexibility to the system. The suggested gesture control technology, known as Kazakh Sign Language (KSL) for Kazakh alphabets, eliminates the need for additional devices, enabling users to interact with the system naturally. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed KSL system can accurately recognize Kazakh language alphabet letters with a high precision of 97.3%, owing to the utilization of artificial intelligence and CNN to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of gesture control. Gestures, a type of visual formation, are perceivable by computers through machine learning models. The selection of methods and systems for recognizing Kazakh sign language gestures was accompanied by addressing various challenges related to language-specific orthographic and gestural features. The developed gesture control interface for human-computer interaction is applied in the field of inclusive education, aiming to assist deaf and hard-of-hearing children in learning sign language.
Advanced control of double stage grid-tied three phase photovoltaic systems with shunt active power filter
Zaghar, Fatim-Zahra;
Hekss, Zineb;
Rafi, Mohamed;
Ridah, Abderraouf;
Adhiri, R’hma
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp673-682
This paper explores the challenges associated with the control of a two-stage three-phase electrical grid connected to a photovoltaic (PV) system. The objectives encompass: i) maximizing the available PV power, ii) controlling the DC-link voltage to a predetermined setpoint, and iii) considering that power quality has become an important measure in a distribution electrical network where different loads are connected, the third objective will mainly focus on ensuring power factor correction (PFC). To achieve these objectives, two loops of nonlinear controller are developed. In the outer loop, the duty cycle of a boost converter is controlled using a hybrid technique of backstepping technique and the perturb & observe (P&O) algorithm. In addition, the inner loop employs a hybrid automaton approach to tackle the challenges of a three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF). The results have been verified through numerical simulation using MATLAB/Simulink power systems environment.
Processes monitoring using adaptive confidence limit based on T-S fuzzy model and Luenberger observer
Bouzenad, Khaled;
Rahmouni, Salah;
Ramdani, Messaoud
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp844-852
In hazard-sensitive processes, the monitoring upsets and malfunctions correctly is an important challenge to operation safely and enhance the performance. Conventional process monitoring frequently assumes that process data follow only one Gaussian distribution, which generates a constant confidence limit and hence produces a high number of false alarms. However, in fact, industrial processes usually include various operating modes. To ovoid this drawback, the suggested approach employs an adaptive confidence limit (ACL) when a substantial number of false alarms are created. The fundamental concept underlying this study is to extract internally several local linear sub-modes of the monitored variables. In typical operating circumstances, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is utilized to extract several local linear sub-modes, followed by fuzzy linearization using the Takagi-Sugeno model, thereafter a bank of Luenberger observers to construct the residual spaces. An abnormal event is detected when the squared prediction error (SPE) is too great or exceeds the adaptive threshold designed to prevent the false alarms. Furthermore, an enhanced contribution plots is effectively used to identify the defective variable.
Malignant thyroid lump multi classification by TIRADS using DBA with transfer learning
Gulame, Mayuresh B.;
Dixit, Vaibhav V.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp996-1003
Thyroid diseases have developed into significant illnesses in recent decades. These diseases affect the thyroid glands and are caused by elevated thyroid hormone levels or infections in the thyroid organs. It is challenging to resolve thyroid diagnosis using conventional parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques since it can be viewed as a classification problem. However, there are certain barriers in the manner of obtaining both efficacy and accuracy in thyroid nodule diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models have emerged as useful instruments for the diagnosis of sickness in the modern era. For the purpose of diagnosing and classifying thyroid diseases, this research introduces a novel deep belief network (DBF) with transfer learning, known as DBNTL. In this study, the pre-processed image was first pre-processed using a conventional multiresolution bilateral technique, and then it was subjected to a novel segmentation technique called fusion pooling integrated U-net segmentation. The DBN with transfer learning model is used to classify and grade malignant thyroid nodules in compliance with thyroid imaging-reporting-and-data-system (TIRADS) guidelines. In this model, the model's weights are obtained by transfer learning. A major metric for evaluating the efficacy of biological image processing applications, good sensitivity and specificity (97.28 and 97.22, respectively) were obtained for the recommended modes.
Text document clustering using mayfly optimization algorithm with k-means technique
Dodda, Ratnam;
Babu, Alladi Suresh
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp1099-1109
Text clustering is a subfield of machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) that consists of grouping similar sentences or documents based on their content. However, insignificant features in the documents minimize the accuracy of information retrieval which makes it challenging for the clustering approach to efficiently cluster similar documents. In this research, the mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA) with a k-means approach is proposed for text document clustering (TDC) to effectively cluster similar documents. Initially, the data is obtained from Reuters-21678, 20-Newsgroup, and BBC sports datasets, and then pre-processing is established by stemming and stop word removal to remove unwanted phrases or words. The data imbalance approach is established using an adaptive synthetic sampling algorithm (ADASYN), then term frequency-inverse document frequency (TD-IDF) and WordNet features are employed for extracting features. Finally, MOA with the K-means technique is utilized for TDC. The proposed approach achieves better accuracy of 99.75%, 99.54%, and 98.24% when compared to the existing techniques like fuzzy rough set-based robust nearest neighbor-convolutional neural network (FRS-RNN-CNN), TopicStriker, Modsup-based frequent itemset, and rider optimization-based moth search algorithm (Modsup-Rn-MSA), hierarchical dirichlet-multinomial mixture, and multi-view clustering via consistent and specific non-negative matrix (MCCS).