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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD" : 10 Documents clear
A REVIEW OF COCONUT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Hugh C. Harries
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.325

Abstract

By looking at the titles of articles published in CORD since it began, in 1985, it should be possible to assess what areas of coconut research and development are important. This is so, because CORD is intended for a select group of readers - those who know about coconuts. The writers of articles for CORD, unlike authors of articles in specialist scientific or economic journals, do not have to compete for space with reports on the cutting-edge of science or with predictions about world-market economic forces. Which is a pity, because if they did it would mean that coconut was back in the position of the world's leading source of vegetable oil that it held for half a century. There are other technical and scientific journals, as well as national language publications, to which coconut R&D specialist can, and do, submit articles, but CORD is the one location where both the writer and the reader should be on the same wavelength.
AN INVESTIGATION TOWARDS DEVELOPING A MOLECULAR APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF COCONUT BREEDING BY RAPD-MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION J.M.D.T. Everard
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.326

Abstract

Tall, dwarf green and San Ramon are three phenotypically distinct forms of coconut, currently used for production of hybrid seeds in Sri Lanka. Development of molecular markers for further improvement of important economic traits of these hybrids was thought important due to various constraints faced by conventional breeders. Sixty random primers (OPERON) were used for generation of RAPD profiles using DNA from 3 individuals of each form. All the sixty primers except one (OPC3) yielded RAPD-PCR products with coconut DNA. They generated a total of 326 consistently amplified bands of which 54 distinguished tall, dwarf green and San Ramon. Among RAPDs detected 16 and 8 were specific to tall and dwarf respectively, 18 distinguished dwarf and San Ramon from tall, 9 distinguished tall and San Ramon from dwarf and 3 distinguished tall and dwarf green from San Ramon. It is expected to study the segregation of these markers in F2 populations derived from tall x dwarf green and tall x San Ramon F1 palms.
COCONUT BREEDING: IDENTIFICATION OF PARENTS IN MALAYAN YELLOW DWARF AND TALL CULTIVARS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROMISING DWARF FEMALE x TALL MALE HYBRIDS K. Satyabalan
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.327

Abstract

Results of a study made on the nut and copra characters of Malayan Yellow Dwarf palms and of the local Tall cultivars to select the parents which could combine well, when Malayan yellow Dwarf palms as pistillate parents are crossed with Tall cultivars as pollen parents are presented in this paper. In this study Malayan yellow Dwarf palms were classified into four groups based mainly on nut characters like shell and copra content which are fairly stable characters. The Tall cultivars were classified into five groups based mainly on the copra content per nut. Correlation studies made on the important characters of the nut in the Dwarf and Tall cultivars indicated significant correlations between the stable characters shell, kernel and copra. Based on this relationship it may be possible to identify palms in both which could combine well when Malayan Yellow Dwarf as pistillate parent is crossed with the Tall as pollen parent. The study has indicated that it may be preferable to select Malayan Yellow Dwarf palms which produce nuts which have a low shell content (less than 17 percent of husked nut weight) and yield a copra content of more than 150g per nut as pistillate parent and Tall palms which yield nuts of low husk content (less than 50 percent of the weight of fruit) and a high copra content of 200g or more per nut as pollen parent. The combining ability of the parents could be ascertained form xenia studies before taking up crossing work. Individual palms from both the cultivars which can combine well can be identified and utilized for the production of a large number of hybrid seedlings in a short time.
COCONUT EMBRYO CULTURE: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE THRUST M.K. Nair; Anita Karun
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.328

Abstract

The safe movement of plant genetic materials has a major concern for many countries in the world. Collecting and exchange of coconut germplasm is difficult and not economic because of the bulkiness of the seed. Moreover, due to short dormancy, the seeds germinate rapidly and thus cannot be stored for more time in a germplasm expedition. Phytosanitary restrictions too severely limit the germplasm introduction. Standardization of embryo culture technique provides an easy and safe alternative for the movement of coconut germplasm and is emphasized in the technical guidelines of FAO/IPGRI (Diekmann, 1997). In vitro culture protocols for coconut zygotic embryos have been established by various coconut research institutes in Cote d’Ivoire, France, India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka (Engelmann, 1998). An embryo culture protocol broadly consisted of at least five components, viz., field collection of embryos, in vitro active storage, in vitro retrieval, ex vitro establishment of plantlets and finally the field establishment. A detailed description of each of these components together with a comparison among different embryo culture protocols developed at various laboratories, applications made for coconut germplasm collection and development required in the future are provided here.
COCONUT NUTRITION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Ollivier, J; Akus, W.; X. Bonneau
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.329

Abstract

Copra yield in Papua New Guinea is estimated at 0.6 tonnes per hectare per year. Several factors may be responsible for this low productivity compared to other Asia Pacific countries. Amongst these, nutrient deficiency is an important limiting factor. In order to evaluate coconut nutrition status in PNG, leaf sample collection was undertaken by examining 23 sites around the country and from a nutrition trial carried out at the Stewart Research Station of the PNG Cocoa & Coconut Research Institute (PNG-CCRI) in the Madang Province. Results of leaf analysis revealed significant widespread nitrogen deficiencies at most of the sampled sites and geographic variations in potash deficiency. Chlorine deficiency varied with geographic sites and was closely related to the prevailing wind pattern. Preliminary results on nut-set and flowering in the trial at Stewart Research Station revealed a positive response to nitrogen and chlorine-based fertilizer applications. This suggests that appropriate fertilizer applications would be benefit future coconut production on this particular site.
COMBINING ABILITY IN COCONUT (Cocos nucifera) K.U.K.Nampoothiri; P.M. Kumaran; B.A. Jerard; M.J.Ratnambal E.V.V.B.Rao; V.A. Parthasarathy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.330

Abstract

Combining ability has been proved to be a method to identify and select the parents and hybrids for increased production through the exploitation of heterosis. The exploitation of heterosis would be useful if suitable hybrids are produced for low yielding environmental conditions of littoral sandy soil. Combining ability effects for early germination, seedling girth, seedling height and breadth of laminate leaf on coconut have been reported by Louis and Chopra (1991) and on husked nut weight by Fernando (1996). Estimation of GCA and SCA variance will help to find out the gene action involved in a particular character and thus one can decide the breeding method for the improvement of the character. The present investigation was carried out to find out the general and specific combining ability effects of parents and hybrids at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod.
INCREASED ATTRACTION OF ORYCTES RHINOCEROS AGGREGATION PHEROMONE, ETHYL 4-METHYLOCTANOATE, WITH COCONUT WOOD Ambrosio Raul R. Alfiler
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.331

Abstract

Trapping experiments at the Zamboanga Research Center of the Philippine Coconut Authority provided evidence of the resultant synergistic activity of the combination of the Oryctes rhinoceros aggregation pheromone, Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, and old coconut wood in pheromone traps. Traps containing both old coconut wood and aggregation pheromone caught significantly more rhinoceros beetles than traps containing the pheromone or old coconut wood alone. The use of selective trapping using the aggregation pheromone presents a new option for the reduction of the beetle population in the field and control of this important pest of coconut palm in the Philippines.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF IN VITRO-GROWN COCONUT (Cocos nucifera L.) PLANTS DURING ACCLIMATIZATION C S Ranasinghe; L K Weerakoon; Y M H Liyanage; D T Mathes
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.332

Abstract

The physiological status of in vitro-grown coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plants during acclimatization was studied using nursery-raised seedlings as the control. The percentage of open stomata in leaves of in vitro-grown coconut plants was high at the initial stage of acclimatization but decreased during the course of acclimatization indicating an improvement in stomatal regulation. A progressive increase in the stomatal density, epicuticular wax deposition and leaf thickness in in vitro-grown plants was observed during acclimatization. As a result of the low light intensity, the epidermal cells of in vitro-grown plants were narrower and longer when compared to the control. With the exposure of plants to increased light intensity, the cells became wider and shorter as observed in the control. The leaf chlorophyll content was high in in vitro-grown plants under low light intensity. With increasing light intensity, a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content in vitro-grown plants was observed and at the later stages of acclimatization, it was comparable to that of the control. Variations in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration in vitro-grown plants were observed in response to the changing environmental conditions. However, at the end of acclimatization, where the plants were ready to be transferred to the field, the physiological statuses of in vitro-grown coconut plants were comparable to that of nursery raised seedlings. The present study revealed that the embryo-cultured coconut plants could adjust well to the changing environmental conditions during acclimatization.
TRAPPING AND DISRUPTION OF THE MATING ACTIVITY OF SCAPANES AUSTRALIS USING LIVE MALE AS BAIT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Kakul, T.K; Laup, S; Stathers, T.; Beaudoin -Ollivier, L.; Morin, J.P; Rochat, D
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.333

Abstract

Scapanes australis is a major insect pest of coconut palms in Papua New Guinea. Field observations showed that on host plants like coconuts, male Scapanes always attracted females and other male members. Bucket traps were developed to lure Scapanes beetles using live males as attractant (bait). Live males feeding on sugarcane were placed singly in an inner bucket within a 10 litres bucket container with rectangular holes at the side for insect entry and soapy water inside for drowning the insects. Scapanes populations were continuously monitored by traps and results indicated a gradual decline in the Scapanes population over time. Traps were also placed in the field to see if losses to coconuts used by Scapanes can be reduced. Results indicated that the reduction in trap catches was not consistent. Further studies are required to study the physiological behavior of male Scapanes and to improve the technique of trapping of Scapanes with male member alone. The role of trapping Scapanes in pest management is discussed.
UNDERPLANTING OF YOUNG COCONUTS UNDER ADULT STANDS OF COCONUT PALMS FOR PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE VEGETATIVE PITH OR 'UBOD' Gerardo D. Padrones; Millicent I. Secretaria; Severino S. Magat
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 15 No 02 (1999): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v15i02.334

Abstract

The feasibility and viability of producing edible vegetative coconut pith or 'ubod' from young coconuts planted with double plants per hill under adult coconut bearing palms was studied at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro Davao City. The average weight of 'ubod' from double planting scheme was 5.9 kg/palm (range 2.8 -9.4 kg) on the first year of 'ubod' harvest. There was a very slight increase (average of 0.2 kg/palm) in 'ubod' weight on the second year of harvest. The total ubod yield for two years harvesting schedule was 8.9 t/ha. Under the Davao growing condition, cost and return analysis of 'ubod' production in double plants per hill scheme indicated a total net income of P129,030 per ha in 4 years with a return on investment (ROI) of 180%. While copra production from adult bearing palms realized a total of P 114,675 for 4 years with an average ROI of 242%. Considering copra plus 'ubod' yield from this production scheme, the cumulative net income and ROI obtained were: P 242,389.6 and 203% respectively. Based on the results of this study with modest fertilizer application of ammonium sulfate plus common salt (NaCl), underplanting of two young coconuts per hill (spaced at two feet away from each other) at 3 x 3 m distance between spaces of bearing coconut palms harvested at three years from field-planting is a profitable and viable production scheme to increase farm productivity. The farm income with this coconut-based production is increased by 200% compared to coconut monocropping.

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