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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD" : 8 Documents clear
Bud rot disease of coconut in relation to endemic spots in Kerala state, India ROHINI IYER, Rohini Iyer; A.R. Rasmi
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.394

Abstract

In India bud rot is quite common on the West and East Coast tracts. A random survey on bud rot disease of coconut, caused by Phytophthora palmivora But.l, carried out in Kasaragod, Kannur and Calicut districts of Kerala revealed that, there is correlation between the disease incidence and the location of the palms. The disease incidence was high in the hilly tracts when compared to that of the plains. Studies on the survival of P. palmivora propagules in nature revealed that the pathogen survives in the crown, soil and roots of healthy and diseased palms. However, the percentage of survival was high in the endemic areas-Mandapam (Kasaragod District), Josegiri (Kannur Dist.) and Kuttiadi (Kozhikode Dist.), both in the case of diseased and healthy palms compared to that of areas with lesser disease incidence. The temperature and humidity in the coconut growing tracts of hilly areas of Kasaragod, Kannur and Kozhikode districts are suitable for the survival of the pathogen in the crown during almost all months, resulting in the high frequency of disease incidence during monsoon season and continued infection up to January. Examination of the rain water collected from bud rot affected coconut gardens also indicated that the pathogen surviving in the crown debris can act as a source of inoculum, which spreads to the neighboring palms through rain splashes. Based on the weather data it is possible to predict the bud rot incidence well in advance.
Cryopreservation of mature coconut embryos by desiccation method Anitha Karun; K.K. Sajini; V.A. Parthasarathy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.395

Abstract

Mature embryos of West Coast Tall variety of coconut could be cryopreserved after desiccation pretreatments and retrieved into plantlets. The desiccation pretreatment and optimum duration for dehydration of zygotic embryos were standardized. The maximum retrieval of healthy plantlets was obtained from the embryos subjected to 18 hours silica gel or 24 hours laminar airflow desiccation pretreatment. Irreversible damage caused by desiccation to the death of the shoot meristem was noticed when the water content reduced to 20%.
DNA amplification fingerprinting in coconut: protocol optimization and analysis of resistance to root (wilt) disease K. Jayadev; M.K. Rajesh; K. Devakumar; Regi Jacob Thomas; R.V. Nair; V.A. Parthasarathy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.396

Abstract

Root (wilt) disease is a serious malady in coconut causing a loss of approximately 968 million nuts a year in India. Integrated management practices are the only suggested methods to reduce its effect to some extent, while the development of resistant varieties will offer a permanent solution for which concrete breeding efforts are required. Considering the long life cycle of coconut, selection of resistant varieties through conventional methods will be time consuming and laborious. Molecular markers offer numerous advantages over markers traditionally used in plant mapping and selective breeding. Here, we present the optimization of PCR conditions for DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) of coconut using arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Three of the primers could detect variations between root (wilt) resistant and susceptible coconut palms. This study constitutes the basis for future efforts to tag the root (wilt) resistant gene(s) in coconut.
Microbiological properties of root zone of coconut grown in different soil series in Sri Lanka K.S.K.S. Fernando; N.A. Tennakoon; S. Widanapathirana
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.397

Abstract

In Sri Lanka, coconut is cultivated under diverse soil conditions of varying fertility status available in different agro-climatic zones. Although chemical and physical characteristics in some of these soils are known, their biological properties are yet to be studied. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the microbiological parameters in root zone of coconut grown in different soil series. For this study, 20 different soil series in coconut growing area were analyzed for number of total bacterial and fungal colonies, identification of bacteria and fungi, biomass C and N; CO2 evolution and nitrogen mineralization. The microbiological parameters varied with the soil series. The bacterial population densities were significantly (p=0.001) high in Ambakelle, Kalpitiya, Rathupasa and Madampe soil series while the fungal colonies were significantly (p=0.001) high in Thambarawa, Pallama, Wilatawa and Ambakelle soil series. Only Kalpitiya, Kuliyapitiya, Gambura soil series contained biomass C more than 200 mg/100 g of soils. Biomass N was the highest in Boralu soil series followed by Kalpitiya, Rathupasa and Gambura. Carbon diozide evolution was high in Kalpitiya, Katunayaka, Wariyapola soil series while N mineralization rate was high in Ambakelle, Weliketiya and Rathupasa soil series. Bacillus spp. were the dominant bacteria in all studied soil series. In addition, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas and Actinomycetes were also identified. Fungi such as Penicillium, Aspergillus and Curvularia were common in most of the soil series than other species.
Nutrition and fertilization management of embryo cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) seedlings M.B. Areza-Ubaldo; S.S. Magat; E.P. Rillo; M.I. Secretaria
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.398

Abstract

A two-year nursery study on ECMAKT coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay to know the effects of applying different rates of complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) and a foliar fertilizer on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of ECMAKT seedlings. The application of complete NPK fertilizer (14-14-14) at 6-9 g/seedling significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth size and more number of living fronds from 2 to 12 months from initial fertilization. The applied rates of complete fertilizer (6-9 g 14-14-14/seedling) on ECMAKT seedlings indicates that the levels of nutrient application (fertilization) is significantly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seednuts (seedlings attached to unhusked nuts) in the nursery. The application of foliar fertilizer was ineffective even over the unfertilized ECMAKT seedlings. The better growth of ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced were significantly associated with higher levels of leaf K, Cl, and Mn, and lower leaf Na, but with likely adequate leaf P, Mg, S, B, Zn, Cu and Fe based from leaf number 3 (12 month old ECMAKT seedling). The study clearly indicates the necessity of applying inorganic fertilizer i.e. complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) at the moderate rates of 6-9 g/seedling during the nursery stage for proper nutrition and fertilization management to ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT planting material.
On-farm evaluation of the coconut hybrid, Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall for tolerance to the lethal yellowing disease of coconut in Ghana S. K. Dery; J. Owusu-Nipah; E. Andoh-Mensah; B. N. Nuertey; J. Nkansah-Poku; R. Arthur; R. Philippe
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.399

Abstract

The performance of the coconut hybrid, Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall (MYD x VTT) was assessed in Ghana for a period of 6-8 years. The hybrid has previously been identified as being tolerant to the devastating lethal yellowing disease known in Ghana as Cape Saint Paul Wilt Disease (CSPWD). CSPWD is the most important coconut disease in Ghana. It has destroyed approximately 11,000 ha of coconut in Ghana, causing economic hardship to thousands of people. Mortality due to CSPWD during the trial period was only 1.0%. The hybrid showed remarkable tolerance to CSPWD during the 8-year trial period. Mortality, inflorescence emergence and nut load depended largely on the level of farmers’ commitment to basic management practices. In well maintained farms, the hybrid performed two to three times better compared to farms where maintenance was poor.
Studies on nutrient export and extent of nutrient recycling in coconut based high density multispecies cropping system P. Subramanian; D.V. Srinivasa Reddy; C. Palaniswami; P. Gopalasundaram; A.K. Upadhyay
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.400

Abstract

Investigations were carried out to assess the biomass available for recycling from coconut based high density multispecies cropping system (coconut, clove, banana and pineapple) under graded levels of fertilizers (full, two-third, one-third, one-fourth and one-fifth of the recommended level of fertilizer for each of the component crops and control). The total biomass removed from the system ranged from 19.1 to 27.6 t ha-1 year-1. The highest biomass production was recorded from two-third level of fertilizer dose (27.6 t ha-1 year-1). Out of the total biomass obtained, the quantity available for recycling ranged from 12.7 to 18.5 t ha-1 year-1, which can contribute 56 to 110 kg N, 6.7 to 13.5 kg P and 108 to 225 kg K per hectare.
Trapping-a major tactic of BIPM strategy of palm weevils S. P., Singh; Ponniah, Rethinam
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.401

Abstract

Several species of curculionid weevils such as Amerrhinus ynca Sahlberg, Cholus annulatus Linnaeus, C. martiniquensis Marshall, C. zonatus (Swederus), Diocalandra frumenti (Fabricius), Dynamis borassi Fabricius, Homalinotus coriaceus Gyllenhal, Metamasius hemipterus Linnaeus, Paramasius distortus (Gemminger & Horold), Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval), Rhinostomus barbirostris (Fabricius), R. afzelii (Gyllenhal), Rhynchophorus bilineatus (Montrouzier), R. cruentatus Fabricius, R. ferrugineus (Olivier), R. palmarum (Linnaeus) and R. phoenicis (Fabricius) are associated with palms. Some of these have become a major constraint in the successful cultivation of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis L.). R. ferrugineus is distributed in over 33 countries and attacks more than two dozen palm species. In the recent past, it has spread to Middle Eastern countries, Mediterranean region of Africa and southern Europe (Spain) causing tremendous economic losses. The yield of date palm has decreased from 10 to 0.7 tons/ha. Coconut palms in India are infested upto 6.9 per cent in Kerala and 11.65 per cent in Tamil Nadu. R. palmarum is a major pest of oil and coconut palms in the tropical Americas and, vectors the nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard which causes red ring disease (RRD). Palm losses due to RRD are commonly between 0.1 to 15% which amounts to tens of millions dollars. The status of other species is briefed. The grubs of weevils that develop in the stems, bud, rachis of leaves and inflorescence of cultivated, ornamental or wild palms cause direct damage. Because of the cryptic habitat of the grubs, which act as tissue borer, the management becomes difficult.

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