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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD" : 11 Documents clear
DNA fingerprinting to distinguish the coconut type, San Ramon C.K. Bandaranayake; W.B.S. Fernando; A. Fernando; N. Herath
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.403

Abstract

San Ramon, an introduced type of coconut from Philippines, has long been in Sri Lanka. San Ramon has the advantage of producing high copra, high oil, and high-quality timber and also seemed to be less variable for bunch characters. In addition, it is a type of coconut having an ability to withstand long droughts and also coconut mites. Due to these outstanding beneficial characters, San Ramon has been used as a parent for effecting various crosses to transmit the drought tolerance nature and high copra outturn, to the offspring. The physical structure of San Ramon palms is much comparable to tall type coconuts though there are some specific characters predominantly seen in favourable environments. On top of these circumstances, it is not easy to separate San Ramon from other Talls and virtually impossible to distinguish pure San Ramon from San Ramon crosses by means of only morphological markers. Therefore, a molecular finger-printing method was attempted to distinguish pure San Ramon using already developed 10 coconut SSR primers. The results indicate the possibility of distinguishing pure San Ramon from its crosses with the help of 2 coconut SSR primers, CNZ6 and CNZ44.
Effect of borax application on young coconut palms P.G. Kamalakshiamma; M. Shanavas; D. Prema; Jacob Mathew
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.404

Abstract

There is increasing incidence of boron deficiency in coconut palms in the root (wilt) affected tract in the southern districts of Kerala, India. An earlier survey in this tract indicated that 19-25% of the palms had boron deficiency symptoms. The symptoms manifested due to boron deficiency in coconut palms include malformations in leaves as well as in the nuts resulting in stunted growth and low productivity. A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kayamkulam to study the effect of different doses of boron on deficiency symptoms and the nutrition of coconut seedlings. The results revealed that the seedlings which had boron deficiency symptoms showed recovery with the boron application. Among the different levels of borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O) tried on coconut seedlings, application of 300 g borax per seedling per year in two equal splits was found effective to achieve recovery and to improve the growth of the young seedlings. The seedlings treated with borax showed improvement in growth parameters such as girth at collar, annual leaf production and total functional leaves and boron content in leaf tissues.
Evaluation of crop management options for replanting of coconut plantations devastated by lethal yellowing disease in Ghana E. Andoh-Mensah; X. Bonneau; J. Ollivier; B. N. Nuertey; S. K. Dery
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.405

Abstract

Evaluation of four coconut management options was carried out from May 1999 to May 2004 in the coconut belt of the Western and Central Regions of Ghana for replanting of coconut plantations devastated by the Cape St Paul Wilt Disease of Ghana. Coconut hybrid identified for the replanting was MYD x VTT. On fertile soils just intercropping of inter-rows with food crops proved appropriate for managing the coconut hybrid successfully. On low fertile soils however, fertilization was required in addition to intercropping for proper management of the hybrid. Where intercrops were fertilized the coconut palms benefited from the residual effect. While Pueraria phaseoloides did not have any visible impact, Cassia siamea was antagonistic to growth and development of the young coconut hybrid. Fertilized intercropping was more profitable especially on low fertile soils.
Influence of integrated nutrient management and high density multi-species cropping system on soil properties, plant nutrition and yield in root (wilt) affected coconut palms H.P. Maheswarappa; P. Anitha Kumari; P.G. Kamalakshiamma; M. Shanavas
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.406

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (Regional Station), Kayamkulam, Kerala, India to study the effect of integrated nutrient management and high density multi-species cropping system in root (wilt) affected garden on root (wilt) index, yield of coconut palms and soil properties. The experimental results indicated that, there was improvement in soil properties like water holding capacity, organic carbon, major and micronutrient status of the soil due to adoption of integrated nutrient management practices and high density multi-species cropping system. There was improvement in the yield of the palms under different root (wilt) diseased palms coupled with reduction in root (wilt) indices due to reduction in root (wilt) symptoms especially yellowing. The increase in nut yield (five years average) was to the tune of 54.5%, 52%, 48.3% and 40.9% under apparently healthy, disease early, disease middle and disease advanced palms in comparison with pre-experimental yield.
Informative Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers for genetic analysis of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm R. Manimekalai
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.407

Abstract

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers are versatile and used in a number of applications viz. genetic diversity estimation, phylogenetic relationship and gene tagging in different crops. In coconut, the ISSR markers are being reported here for the first time. In the present paper, thirty-five primers targeting to amplify the inter microsatellite regions were screened using thirty different coconut germplasm accessions. The ISSR primers were evaluated based on polymorphism information content and marker index. Out of 35 primers screened, 19 primers produced clear amplification pattern. The polymorphism information content varied between 0.019 and 0.386, whereas, the marker index ranged from 0.019 to 5.673 among the primers. Based on the high marker index, five and ten primers were selected. The similarity matrices were constructed separately for five, ten and 19 primers using NYSYS software and the correlation was tested using Mantel’s test. There was high correlation between five and ten primers with 19 primers. Hence, the primers with higher marker index (5 and 10 primers) were regarded as informative primers. These informative primers can be used to develop more polymorphic markers in coconut for rapid screening of germplasm materials.
International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT): Its history and achievements Pons Batugal
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.408

Abstract

The International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) is a global research network organized by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) in 1992 with support from member countries, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), partner institutions, donor agencies, and by regional and international development organizations. In the last 12 years, COGENT has been fully operational with 38 member coconut producing countries in five regions (South Asia; Southeast and East Asia; South Pacific; Africa and the Indian Ocean; and Latin America and the Caribbean). It has successfully developed and disseminated to coconut breeders and curators worldwide the International Coconut Genetic Resources Database (CGRD). The CGRD contains characterization data and some pictures of 1,416 accessions which are conserved by national programmes in 28 sites in 23 countries. To further secure conserved germplasm, a COGENT multi-site International Coconut Genebank has been established to conserve 200 important accessions in each region. Coconut varieties with multi-purpose uses are being identified, documented and promoted. The performance of promising 38 high-yielding hybrids are being evaluated in a multilocation trial involving four African and three Latin America/Caribbean countries to identify suitable varieties and hybrids for resource-poor farmers. Farmers’ varietal preferences in 15 countries are being evaluated. Diversity-linked income-generating activities are being used as a strategy to promote in situ and on-farm conservation and germplasm utilization have been initiated in 15 countries. Protocols for in vitro embryo culture, cryopreservation, morphometric and molecular marker-based methods for locating and characterizing diversity; pest risk assessment and germplasm health management are being developed, tested and upgraded. Strategies and techniques for farmer participatory research, collecting, characterization and ex situ and in situ conservation are being refined. To strengthen the coconut research capability of COGENT member countries, the COGENT Secretariat and IPGRI have organized 39 country need assessment missions and conducted 41 workshops and meetings involving 994 coconut researchers to share information and technologies, discuss issues and common problems and opportunities and how to address them; conducted 40 training courses involving 765 participants from 41 countries; supported 274 research and training/capacity building activities in 30 countries; and led the establishment of the Global Coconut Research for Development Programme (PROCORD). IPGRI and COGENT's current priority involves the further promotion of more effective conservation and use of coconut genetic resources, both regionally and globally.
Management of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier in the Gulf and Mediterranean region C.P. Ramachandran
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.409

Abstract

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is the most deadly and dangerous pest of coconut, date, oil, sago and other palms. R. ferrugineus is distributed in over 33 countries over a wide range of area under different agro-climatic conditions and attacks more than two dozen palm species. In the Middle East the weevil is the most destructive pest of the date palms. The hidden nature of the pest attack makes timely detection of the infestation and control measures difficult. The earlier reviews provide details of biology and control methods viz. phyto-sanitary and preventive, curative, biological, baiting and trapping etc. Different combinations of above mentioned control methods have also been tried with varying degrees of success. Results of two major IPM programmes carried out in the gulf countries, the first during 1993-1998 mainly based on chemical and pheromone trapping and the second from 1998-2002 using bio-agents and pheromone trapping are discussed. In Jordan valley intensive pheromone trapping and incorporation of systemic insecticide in irrigation water could not control the pest even after three years. Development of ecofriendly pest control strategies like hybrid sterility, incompatibility and disruption of tolerance to high temperatures in Gulf and Mediterranean regions is suggested to combat the pest.
Preliminary attempt at biological control of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker using two Trichogramma species S.K. Jalali; T. Venkatesan; K.S. Murthy; T.V. Bhaskaran; Y. Lalitha
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.410

Abstract

A preliminary attempt was made for biological control of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker, by releasing two Trichogramma species viz. T. chilonis Ishii and T. embryophagum Hartig @ 1,000 to 4,000 parasitised eggs per palm in Bangalore, India. The mean percent reduction in larval population by 75.6, 60.0, 33.3 and 50.0% in T. chilonis and 88.8%, 175.0, 66.7 and 75.0% in T. embryophagum was recorded in treated palms during 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of the pest compared to untreated control. There was non- significant difference between various release rates irrespective of the species, indicating that lower release rate of 1,000 parasitised eggs/palm as adequate. On sentinel egg cards, parasitism was low 2.0 - 5.0%, 0.0 - 2.0% and 0.0% in T. chilonis, and T. embryophagum released palms and untreated control palms, respectively. The field trial gave an indication that Trichogramma could be a potential parasitoid against O. arenosella and it is suggested that the parasitoids could be released and tested on a large scale in endemic areas to authenticate efficacy.
Refinement of ELISA and its use in early detection of coconut root (wilt) disease M. Sasikala; V. R. Prakash; V. P. Sapna; M. Mayilvaganan; Leena. S. Nair
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.411

Abstract

Root (wilt) is a major disease of coconut in Kerala and in certain parts of Tamil Nadu. The lasting solution for combating the disease is by evolving root (wilt) disease resistant/tolerant varieties through sustained breeding programmes. Development of visual symptoms of root (wilt) disease is very slow and there is a time lag between infection and symptom expression. Therefore, identification of root (wilt) disease-free palms using early diagnostic techniques (serological techniques) is a basic requirement for the production of quality seedlings. For the mass screening of coconut samples DAC-indirect ELISA has been standardized earlier using antibody raised against pathogen related protein found in diseased palms, but it take about 44 hrs for the completion of the test. In the present investigation using phytoplasma-specific antibodies, test could be refined to make it a more rapid and sensitive one. It has been found that the results could be obtained within 24 hrs with very high sensitivity of 98.4%. Similarly, efficiency of extracting antigen from coconut leaf samples was enhanced by using ART MICCRA D-8 tissue homogeniser. Highest difference in absorbance values between healthy and infected samples was obtained while using carbonate bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6 with additives followed by plain buffer. Thus test could be used to detect phytoplasmal infection in coconut palms even before the appearance of visual symptoms. The modified procedure is being used for identifying disease-free mother palms from disease endemic areas for producing quality seedlings either by crossing programmes or from open pollinated nuts.
Towards identifying choice (strategies) of technologies vs vagaries on coconut for sustainable adoption – A field – oriented exercise in participatory planning and action B. Subburaj; R. Subramanian
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.412

Abstract

Promotion of greater access to affordable choice of technologies and their prompt use for coconut productivity is necessary to sustainable development of coconut farming. The crux of the issue is; coconut growers who are aware and have the knowledge of the technologies, also seem to be reticent about adopting the package. The question therefore is; why does this happen? This research paper summons the identification of social and ecological elements that surround adoption of innovative technologies in improving coconut production and the kind of strategies for a best fit for a need-based programme of knowledge transfer, facilitating picking up a few technologies for possible adoption. A methodological prime-mover viz., Participatory Rural Appraisal, Planning and Action among coconut growers was used to walk the ‘reality-led’ and ‘technology-driven’ choices that are really acceptable and usable. Yet the farmers/neighbours appeared to be reluctant even to “talk” the “walk”. On the other hand, absence of dependable and sustainable model, lack of confidence, inadequate infrastructure and support systems, including sufficient and timely credit and constant exposure through IT seem to accelerate ‘vagaries’ on coconut for sustainable adoption. The need must, therefore be to polarize the two contrasting positions-appropriate tech-choice vs vagaries of adoption-by a suitable ‘model’ that would serve as a guide to coconut farmers.

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