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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006" : 7 Documents clear
ANALISIS MUTU, PRODUKTIVITAS, KEBERLANJUTAN DAN ARAHAN PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG, JAWA TENGAH MAMAT H.S; S.R.P. SITORUS SITORUS; H. HARDJOMIDJOJO H. HARDJOMIDJOJO; A.K. SETA A.K. SETA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.146-153

Abstract

ABSTRAKTembakau Temanggung merupakan komoditas penting bahan bakuindustri rokok kretek, sumber pendapatan petani dan PAD KabupatenTemanggung. Selain itu, tembakau juga menjadi pemicu pertumbuhankegiatan ekonomi lainnya yang terkait dengan usahatani, sepertitransportasi, penyediaan sarana produksi pertanian serta penyediaanlapangan kerja. Usahatani tembakau Temanggung menghadapi 3 (tiga)masalah utama, yaitu: sifat tembakau Temanggung yang tergolong fancyproduct, struktur pasar yang monopsonistik dan kondisi lahan usahataniyang beragam (beragam menurut elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkatkemiringan lereng). Kondisi lahan tersebut mengakibatkan mutu tembakaumenjadi beragam, dan cenderung menurun bahkan mengancam keber-lanjutan usahatani tembakau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Januari2004 - Maret 2005 di sentra produksi tembakau Temanggung, yangmemiliki beberapa perbedaan berdasarkan elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkatkemiringan. Untuk mengetahui ragam mutu dan produktivitas dianalisisdengan sidik ragam. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh elevasi, arah dankemiringan  lereng  digunakan  analisis  regresi  berganda.  Dalammenganalisis keberlanjutan usahatani, digunakan multi atribut non-parametrik yang diolah dengan multidimentional scaling (MDS). Mutu danproduktivitas tembakau Temanggung cukup beragam. Elevasi dan arahlereng (slope aspect) merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi mutudan produktivitas tembakau Temanggung. Mutu tembakau yang ditanampada lahan berelevasi di atas 1.000 m dpl, nyata lebih baik dibandingkandengan mutu tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan yang berelevasi kurangdari 1.000 m dpl. Produktivitas tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan arahlereng ke timur nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produktivitastembakau pada lahan arah lereng ke timur laut dan utara. Tingkatkemiringan lereng tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu maupun produktivitastembakau. Indeks keberlanjutan usahatani tembakau Temanggung,termasuk kedalam kategori cukup (IKb = 55,53 pada skala keberlanjutan 0– 100).Kata kunci : Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum L., tembakau Temanggung,mutu, produktivitas, indeks keberlanjutan, usahatani, JawaTengahABSTRACTAnalysis of quality, productivity and sustainability anddevelopment direction of tobacco farming in TemanggungDistrict, Central JavaTemanggung tobacco is an important commodity for cigaretteindustry, farmers’ income and product domestic regional brutto (PDRB)of Temanggung District. Tobacco stimulates economy activities, so that itcan grow other bussiness activities, such as transportation, agroproductand employment availability. Uncontrolled cultivation intensity andmarket structure monopsonistic resulted in weak bargaining position offarmer in marketing tobacco. Tobacco is a fancy product, it means that itsmarketing and transaction are very determined by quality. Theseconditions affected the sustainability of tobacco farm. This research wascarried out from January 2004 to March 2005 in the center of Temanggungtobacco production, which varies in terms of elevation, slope aspect andtopography. Temanggung tobacco varies in terms of quality andproductivity. Elevation and slope aspect were the primary factorsinfluencing tobacco productivity and quality. The quality of tobaccoplanted at farmer location at the elevation more than 1.000 m above sealevel (asl) with slope facing east, was significantly better than the qualityof tobacco planted at the elevation less than 1.000 m asl with slope facingnorth-east and north. The tobacco productivity planted on the slope facingeast differed significantly with the tobacco productivity planted on north-east and north slope facing. The slope did not significantly influencetobacco quality and productivity. Sustainability index of tobacco farmbelongs to enough category (IKb = 55.53 at scale of sustainability 0 –100).Key words : Nicotiana tabacum L. Temanggung tobacco, quality,productivity, sustainability index, farming system, CentralJava
DETECTION OF PHYTOPLASMAS ASSOCIATED WITH KALIMANTAN WILT DISEASE OF COCONUT BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION J.S. WAROKKA J.S. WAROKKA; P. JONES P. JONES; M.J. DICKINSON M.J. DICKINSON
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.154-160

Abstract

ABSTRACTCoconut is the second Indonesia’s most important social commodityafter rice. There are more than 3.6 million hectares of coconut plantationsin Indonesia equivalent to one third of the total world coconut area.However, the production and productivity of the coconut are very low andunstable for various reasons, including pests and diseases. Kalimantan wilt(KW) disease causes extensive damage to coconut plantation. In previousinvestigations, bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids and soil-borne pathogenssuch as nematodes were tested, but none of them were consistentlyassociated with the disease. The objective of this research was to detectand diagnose the phytoplasma associating with KW. Two DNA extractionmethods, namely a modification of CTAB method involving grindingcoconut trunk tissue in pre-warmed CTAB instead of liquid nitrogen, and asmall scale DNA extraction method, were used to prepare DNA fromcoconut trunk tissues. Research results showed that both methods werefound equally suitable for preparing DNA from coconut trunk tissues forPCR analysis. The phytoplasmas aetiology of KW has been proved by thenested PCR approach using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primercombinations. The study has further demonstrated that the nested PCRapproach can be employed to effectively detect the presence ofphytoplasma both in infected and in symptomless coconut trunk tissues.Phytoplasma DNA was amplified from 95 out of 116 samples (81.9%).Based on source of samples, phytoplasma DNA was amplified from KWinfected and symptomless samples, 95.1% and 67.3% respectively. Thisstudy confirmed that KW is caused by phytoplasma.Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., plant disease, Kalimantan wiltdisease, phytoplasma, polymerase chain reaction, CentralKalimantanABSTRAKDeteksi phytoplasma yang berasosiasi dengan penyakitlayu Kalimantan pada kelapa dengan reaksi rantaipolymeraseKelapa merupakan komoditi sosial kedua setelah padi di Indonesiadengan luasan areal lebih dari 3.6 juta ha pertanaman, ekuivalen dengansepertiga luas kelapa dunia, hal ini menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negaraprodusen kelapa terluas di dunia. Sekarang ini produksi dan produktivitaskelapa sangat rendah dan tidak stabil yang disebabkan oleh berbagai alasantermasuk serangan hama dan penyakit. Penyakit layu Kalimantan telahmengakibatkan kerugian yang besar pada pertanaman kelapa. Penelitiansebelumnya untuk mengetahui penyebab penyakit dilakukan denganmenguji bakteri, cendawan, virus, viroid dan patogen tanah sepertinematoda tetapi tidak ada yang secara konsisten berasosiasi denganpenyakit layu Kalimantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi danmendiagnosa phytoplasma sebagai penyebab penyakit yang berasosiasidengan layu Kalimantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode untukmengekstraksi DNA yaitu metode CTAB yang biasanya menggunakannitrogen cair dimodifikasi dengan menghancurkan sampel tanaman padaCTAB yang dipanaskan, dan metode skala kecil. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa kedua metode yang digunakan menghasilkan DNAyang sama baiknya untuk analisis PCR. Teknik nested PCR menggunakankombinasi primer P1/P7 dan R16F2n/R16R2 dapat membuktikan bahwapenyebab penyakit layu Kalimantan adalah phytoplasma. Teknik ini jugasecara efektif dapat mendeteksi phytoplasma dalam jaringan tanamankelapa yang sudah terinfeksi maupun yang belum menunjukkan gejalapenyakit. DNA phytoplasma dapat dideteksi pada 95 sampel dari 116sampel (81.9%) yang dianalisis. Berdasarkan jenis sample yang diperiksaternyata phytoplasma dapat dideteksi pada sample yang terinfeksi maupunyang belum menunjukkan gejala penyakit masing-masing 95.1% dan67.3%. Hasil penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa penyakit layuKalimantan disebabkan oleh phytoplasma.Kata kunci: Kelapa, Cocos nucifera L., penyakit tanaman, penyakit layuKalimantan,  phytoplasma,  reaksi  rantai  polymerase,Kalimantan Tengah
PERANAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP POPULASI Helopeltis spp. dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE ELNA KARMAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.129-134

Abstract

ABSTRAKUntuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap tingkatserangan serangga hama utama pada pertanaman jambu mete telahdilakukan penelitian di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Pengamatan padatanaman contoh telah dilaksanakan selama musim kemarau dan musimhujan dari bulan Juni 2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005 di dua tempat yangberbeda keadaannya yaitu Desa Tanah Sebang dan Sambik Jengkel.Keduanya terletak di Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat.Dari masing-masing lokasi diamati 40 tanaman contoh secara acak, 20 daripertanaman monokultur dan 20 dari pola tanam campuran jambu metedengan tanaman lainnya. Variabel yang diamati adalah (a) populasiHelopeltis spp. per tanaman, (b) populasi Sanurus indecora per tanaman,(c) banyaknya pucuk terserang Helopeltis spp., (d) banyaknya pucukterserang S. indecora, (e) banyaknya koloni semut per pohon, (f)persentase telur yang terparasit, (g) suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujanharian, (h) jenis tanaman sela yang menjadi tanaman inang alternatif hama,(i) banyaknya musuh/gulma di sekeliling tanaman, (j) jumlah bungahermaprodit dan buah jadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitasserangan dan populasi Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora jambu meteberbeda antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Pada musim kemarau,hanya sisa-sisa serangan Helopeltis spp. pada pucuk yang kelihatan,populasi tidak ditemukan. Populasi S. indecora selalu ada selama musimkemarau. Pada musim hujan yaitu bulan Januari sampai Maret, pucukmulai muncul, populasi dan serangan Helopeltis spp. mulai kelihatan.Tingkat serangan kedua hama tersebut berbeda antara lokasi Tanah Sebangdan Sambik Jengkel. Di Tanah Sebang, persentase pucuk yang diserang S.indecora (23,1%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pucuk yang diserangHelopeltis (3,8-7,4%), sedang di Sambik Jengkel persentase pucuk yangdiserang Helopeltis spp (43,8-54,6%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan S.indecora (11,5-22,3%). Faktor utama yang memegang peranan adalahtanaman inang alternatif yang berada pada pola tanam campuran, iklimmikro (suhu, kelembaban dan radiasi matahari) serta interaksi antara S.indecora, Helopeltis spp. dan semut predator.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, faktor lingkungan,Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, populasi, Nusa TenggaraBaratABSTRACTRole of environment factors on the population ofHelopeltis Spp. and Sanurus indecora on cashewplantationAn experiment to find out the effect of environment factors on theattack of insect pests on cashew plantation was carried out in WestLombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The experiment wasconducted in hot and rainy seasons from June 2004 to March 2005 in twolocations : Tanah Sebang and Sambik Jengkel. These were located in thesame district (Kecamatan Kayangan, West Lombok District). In 40 sampleplants were observed : 20 from monoculture and 20 from polyculture(mixed cropping). The variables observed were (a) Helopeltis populationper plant (b) S. indecora population per plant, (c) number of shootsattacked by Helopeltis, (d) number of shoots attacked by. S. indecora, (e)number of ant colonies per plant, (f) percentage of eggs parasitoid, (g)temperature, relative humidity, daily raindrops, (h) type of intercrops asalternative hosts, (i) litters or weeds surrounding the plantation, (j) numberof hermaphrodite flowers and fruits. The research result showed that thepopulation and damage intensity were different between hot and rainyseasons. In dry season, only the symptom of Helopeltis damage was seen.The population S. indecora always existed during the dry season. In therainy season from January to March, shoots started to appear, also thepopulation of Helopeltis. The injury level was different between those twoinsects. At Tanah Sebang the shoots attacked by S. indecora was 23.1%higher than that of Helopeltis (3.8-7.4%), while in Sambik Jengkel, theshoots attacked by Helopeltis was (43.8-54.6%) higher than that of S.indecora (11.5-22.3%). The main factors played roles in the environmentwere alternate hosts, micro climate and interaction between S. indecora,Helopeltis spp. and predator ants.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, environment factorsHelopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, population, West NusaTenggara
PENGARUH METODE APLIKASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN NEMATODA PELUKA AKAR (Pratylenchus brachyurus ) PADA TANAMAN NILAM RITA HARNI; IKA MUSTIKA; SUPRAMANA SUPRAMANA; ABDUL MUNIF
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.161-165

Abstract

ABSTRAKBakteri endofit adalah salah satu agen antagonis yang akhir-akhirini banyak digunakan sebagai pengendalian biologi nematoda parasittanaman. Pada tanaman nilam nematoda Pratylenchus brachyurus merupa-kan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode aplikasi bakteri endofit yangeffisien untuk menekan nematoda P. brachyurus pada tanaman nilam.Penelitian telah dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanaman Rempah dan Obat dan Laboratorium Nematologi DepartemenProteksi Tanaman IPB, dari Januari sampai dengan Juli 2005. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertamaadalah metode aplikasi (siram dan rendam), faktor kedua adalah jenisisolat (NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, E26). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi nematoda dipengaruhi olehadanya interaksi antara metode aplikasi dan isolat bakteri yang digunakan,sedangkan berat tajuk, panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman hanya dipengaruhioleh jenis bakteri. Isolat Bacillus NA22, Bacillus NJ46 dan Bacillus NJ2dengan metode perendaman akar mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggidalam menekan populasi P. brachyurus yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 75%,63% dan 60%. Semua isolat yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan berattajuk, panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman.Kata kunci: Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, penyakit tanaman, pengendalianbiologi, bakteri endofit, nematoda, Pratylenchus brachyurus,Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of application method of endophytic bacteria onroot lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) onpatchouliEndophytic bacteria is one of the important agents recently usedfor controlling plant parasitic nematodes. P. brachyurus is one of thefactors affecting the productivity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)in Indonesia. The objectives of the research were to find out an efficientapplication method of endophytic bacteria to reduce P. brachyurus onpatchouli. The research was conducted in the Nematology Laboratory,Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University and in theLaboratory and Greenhouse of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal CropsResearch Institute, from January to July 2005. The research usedrandomized complete design with two factors, the first factor wasapplication method (drencing and deeping), the second factor was bacteriaisolates (NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, E26). Theresults showed that the population of nematode was affected by theinteraction between bacterial isolates and application method. While shootweight, root length and plant height were affected by bacterial isolates.Bacillus NA22, Bacillus NJ46 and Bacillus NJ2 applicated by deeping theroot into bacterial suspension significantly gave good result in reducing P.brachyurus, i.e. 75%, 63% and 60%. All bacterial isolates increased shootweight, root length.Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, plant disease, biologicalcontrol, endophytic bacteria, nematode, Pratylenchusbrachyurus, West Java
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN SETEK BERAKAR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN NILAM(Pogostemon cablin Benth) MELATI MELATI; DEVI RUSMIN; SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.135-139

Abstract

ABSTRAKDalam upaya pengembangan nilam (Pogostemon cablin) di daerahyang jaraknya jauh dari kebun induk, pengadaan benih nilam yang berkua-litas menjadi masalah yang serius, karena bibit akan cepat mengalamipenurunan kualitas selama transportasi. Untuk itu dilaksanakan penelitianyang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama simpan setek berakarnilam terhadap pertumbuhan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dari bulan April –Agustus 2004. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (RPT)dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama (main plot) adalah 2 jenis setek nilamyaitu: (1) setek berdaun dan (2) setek tidak berdaun. Anak petak (sub plot)adalah lama penyimpanan setek yaitu: (1) setek langsung ditanam(kontrol), (2) setek disimpan 1 hari, (3) setek disimpan 3 hari, (4)setekdisimpan 5 hari dan, (5) setek disimpan 7 hari. Pengamatan dilakukansejak tanaman berumur 2 minggu sampai tanaman berumur 8 minggu.Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, jumlahdaun dan jumlah tunas), bobot kering (batang, daun, akar). Hasil perco-baan menunjukkan bahwa persentase hidup setek nilam berakar (setekberdaun dan setek tidak berdaun) masih 100% setelah disimpan selama 7hari. Hampir dari seluruh parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlahcabang, jumlah daun) yang diamati menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhanbibit setek berdaun lebih baik dibandingkan dengan setek yang tidakberdaun.Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, bibit, setek berakar,penyimpanan, pertumbuhan, Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of storage periods of rooted cutting on the growthof patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)Providing high quality of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)seedlings is necessary to support the development of patchouli plants. Inthe new developing area transportation become serious problems (highcost transportation), therefore some alternative solution is reducing thetransportation cost without reducing the quality of the seedlings. Base onthe problems, this experiment was conducted. The objective of thisexperiment was to study the effect of storage periods of rooted cuttings onthe growth of patchouli plant. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute(ISMECRI), from April to August 2004. The experiment was arranged ina split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot was 2 kinds of cuttingthere were: (1) leaf cutting and (2) non leaf cutting. The sub plot was 5different storage periods, there were: (1) control (no storage), (2)1 daystorage, (3) 3 day storage, (4) 5 day storage, (5) 7 day storage. Thevariables observed were plant growth (plant height, number of leaves andnumber of shoots), dry weight of stems, leaves and roots. The results ofexperiment indicated that after 7 day storage, rooted cuttings of patchouliwere still 100% viable. The growth of patchouli from leaf cutting wassignificantly different from non leaf cutting. Patchouli plant from leafcutting produced higher plant height, number of leaves, number of shootsand dry weight of plants compared to those of patchouli plants from nonleaf cuttings. Storage period significantly affected the height of plantshowever it did not significantly affected the number of leaves, number ofshoots and dry weight of plants.Key words: Pacthouli, Pogostemon cablin, seedlings, rooted cutting,storage, growth, West JavE
PENGARUH SABUT KELAPA TERHADAP KUALITAS NIRA AREN DAN PALM WINE RINDENGAN BARLINA; STEIVIE KAROUW; PATRIK PASANG
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.166-171

Abstract

ABSTRAKNira aren merupakan bahan utama untuk pembuatan gula merah danminuman tradisional beralkohol, seperti palm wine dan cap tikus diSulawesi Utara. Kualitas produk yang dihasilkan sangat tergantung padamutu nira aren sebelum diproses (difermentasi). Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh sabut kelapa sebagai bahan pengawet mutunira aren dan pengaruhnya terhadap mutu palm wine yang dihasilkan.Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2002 diLaboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain (Balitka)Manado. Nira aren diperoleh dari kebun petani di Tatengesan KabupatenMinahasa. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahap. Penelitian Tahap I adalahpengaruh sabut kelapa terhadap mutu nira aren. Perlakuan disusun secarafaktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua ulangan. Faktorpertama adalah berat sabut/penampung (50 g, 100 g dan 150 g). Faktorkedua adalah lama pengamatan setelah sadap ( 1, 2, 3 dan 4 jam). Peubahyang diamati adalah pH, gula total dan warna. Penelitian Tahap II adalahpengolahan nira aren untuk palm wine. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorialdalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitujenis mikroba untuk starter, yaitu ragi roti (Saccharomyces cerevisiae),kultur murni S. cerevisiae dan S. ellipsoides. Faktor kedua adalah lamapenuaan (aging), terdiri atas 1 bulan, 2 bulan dan 3 bulan. Peubah yangdiamati yaitu total gula, pH, kadar alkohol, total mikroba, total asam, asamvolatil, warna, bau dan rasa. Hasil penelitian Tahap I menunjukkan bahwapenggunaan sabut segar sebanyak 50 g dapat mempertahankan mutu nirasampai 3 jam setelah sadap dengan kualitas nira baik dan keasamannyanetral (pH 6,32), tidak berbeda dari kontrol (nira sebelum didiamkan). Nirayang dihasilkan dari Tahap I ini langsung digunakan untuk penelitianTahap II. Hasil penelitian Tahap II menunjukkan bahwa palm wine yangdifermentasi dengan ragi roti dan S. cerevisiae mempunyai mutu cukupbaik walaupun telah disimpan selama 3 bulan, dengan total gula berkisar3,33-3,78%, pH 3,94-4,10 dan kadar alkohol 6,88%. Sedangkan palmwine yang difermentasi dengan S. ellipsoides total gulanya 10,44%, pH4,3 dan kadar alkohol 1,58%. Selanjutnya nilai total asam dari palm wineyang diolah dengan ragi roti, S. serevisiae, dan S. ellipsoides, masing-masing 12,27 meq/100 ml, 10,52 meq/100 ml, dan 9,24 meq/100 ml. Nilaiasam asetat (asam volatil) berkisar antara 0,008 – 0,042%. Warna palmwine yang diperoleh adalah coklat kemerahan. Uji organoleptik menun-jukkan bahwa panelis agak menyukai aroma dan rasa dari palm wine yangdifermentasi dengan S. ellipsoides, walaupun kadar alkohol hanya 1,58%.Secara umum, kualitas palm wine dari nira aren termasuk minumanberalkohol golongan B karena kadar alkoholnya rendah (<2%) dan asamvolatil < 0,2%.Kata kunci : Aren, Arenga pinnata, pasca panen, prosesing, nira aren,sabut kelapa, penyadapan, palm wine, Sulawesi UtaraABSTRACTEffect of fresh coconut husk on the quality of Arenga pinnata toddy andpalm wineArenga pinnata toddy is the main row material for processing palmsugar and traditional beverage, like palm wine and cap tikus in NorthSulawesi. The quality of product depends on the quality of A. pinnatatoddy before it is processed (fermented). The aim of this research was tostudy the effect of coconut husk to preserve the toddy of A. pinnata and itseffect on the palm wine quality. The research was conducted from Januaryto December 2002, at the Laboratory of Indonesian Coconut and PalmaeResearch Institute (ICOPRI) Manado. Arenga pinnata toddy was obtainedfrom the farmer at Tatengesan Village in Minahasa Regency. The researchconsisted of 2 parts which were done continuously. The first part was theeffect of coconut husk on the quality of Arenga pinnata toddy. Theexperiment was arranged factorially using completely randomized design,with two replications. The first factor was the weight of coconut husk (50g, 100 g and 150 g). The second factor was the period after tapping (1, 2 ,3, and 4 hours). The variables observed were pH, total sucrose and thecolour of toddy. The second part was processing palm wine by using thetoddy of Arenga pinnata. The experiment was arranged factorially using acompletely randomized design, with 3 replications. The first factor waskind of starter/microbial consisted of commercial yeast, pure culture S.cerevisiae and S. ellipsoides. The second factor was aging period consistedof 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The variables observed were totalsucrose, acidity (pH), alcohol content, total plate count, total acid, volatilacid, colour, flavor and taste. The results on the first part showed that 50gof fresh coconut husk was suitable and efficient to preserve the quality oftoddy up to 3 hours after tapping. The toddy which were produced thatway could be processed for making palm wine. The results of the secondpart showed that the quality of palm wine until 3 months aging period wasgood, especially the palm wine using starter from commercial yeast and S.cerevisiae. The total sucrose and acidity (pH) of the palm wine usingcommercial yeast and pure culture S. cerevisiae are total sugar was asfollows 3.33 – 3.78%, pH 3.94– 4.10 and alcohol content was 6.88%. Byusing S. ellipsoides the total sucrose 10.44%, pH 4.3, and alcohol content1.58%. The total acid of the palm wine using commercial yeast, pureculture S. cerevisiae, and S. ellipsoides: 12.27 meq/100 ml, 10.52meq/100 ml, 9.24 meq/100 ml. Volatil acid content as acetic acid was0.008 – 0.042%. The colour of palm wine was brown redness.Organoleptic test showed that the testers liked the flavor and taste of thepalm wine using S. ellipsoides, better eventhough its alcohol content wasonly 1.58%. In general, the quality of palm wine from A. pinnata toddywas categorized as alcohol beverage group B because its alcohol contentwas low (<2%) and volatile acid content was <0.2%.Key words : Sugar palm, Arenga pinnata toddy, post harvest, processing,coconut husk, tapping, palm wine, North Sulawes
STABILITAS HASIL LIMA NOMOR HARAPAN KENCUR ROSTIANA, OTIH; HARYUDIN, WAWAN; SMD, ROSITA SMD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.140-145

Abstract

ABSTRAKTujuan pemuliaan kencur diarahkan untuk meningkatkan produksirimpang dan kandungan mutu utama yang sesuai dengan standar yangditetapkan oleh Materia Medika Indonesia, dalam upaya meningkatkanpendapatan usahatani. Hasil seleksi berdasarkan produksi dan muturimpang terhadap aksesi plasma nutfah yang terkumpul, terpilih 5 nomordengan rata-rata produksi rimpang > 40 g/rumpun dan kadar minyak atsiri> 1,5%, yaitu V1, V2, V3, V4 dan V5. Kelima nomor diuji multilokasi di 5lokasi pada 2 musim tanam (tahun 2002/2003 dan 2003/2004). Kelimalokasi tersebut adalah: Cileungsi (80 m dpl.) dan Cijeruk (650 m dpl.)(Bogor), Subang (80 m dpl), Sumedang (550 m dpl) dan Sukamulya (350m dpl.) (Sukabumi). Pengujian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompokdengan 6 ulangan, jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm, ukuran petak 4 x 1 m 2 ,populasi tanaman per petak 100. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh nomoryang menghasilkan rata-rata bobot rimpang tertinggi yaitu V4 (53,58g/rumpun atau setara dengan 10,7 ton/ha), rata-rata kadar minyak atsiritertinggi (6,64%) dan beradaptasi secara spesifik pada lingkungan tumbuhyang sama dengan lokasi penanaman di Cijeruk, Sumedang dan Suka-mulya. Sedangkan V2 dengan nilai diameter rimpang terbesar (2,089 cm),stabil di 4 lokasi pengujian, responsif terhadap pemupukan, serta V3dengan rata-rata produksi rimpang 51,98 g/rumpun atau setara dengan 10,4ton/ha, beradaptasi secara spesifik pada lingkungan tumbuh yang samadengan lokasi penanaman kencur di Cileungsi, Cijeruk dan lokasi asalnyadi Sumedang.Kata kunci : Kencur, Kaempferia galanga L., varietas unggul, stabilitashasil, spesifik lokasi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTStability of five promissing Galanga lines productionBreeding of Galanga was focused on the improvement of rhizomeyield and quality based on the Indonesian Materia Medica Standard, toincrease farmers’ income. Based on the selection on rhizome yield andquality, 5 accession numbers were selected as promising lines for theirhigh rhizome yield (>40 g/tiller) and essential oil contents (> 1.5%), e.g.V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5. All numbers were subjected to multilocation testsat 5 locations, e.g. Cileungsi (80 m asl) and Cijeruk (650 m asl) (Bogor),Subang (80 m asl), Sumedang (550 m asl) and Sukamulya (350 m asl)(Sukabumi), for 2 planting-seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). Experi-ments were arranged in a randomized-block design, with 6 replications,plant spacing 20 cm x 20 cm, plot size of 4 x 1 m2, and population 100plants/plot. The research results showed that the highest average ofrhizome yield was performed by V4 (53.58 g/tiller, equal to 10.7 t/ha),with essential oil content 6.64% and specifically adaptable to the sameagro-climate as the environment conditions at Cijeruk (Bogor), Sumedangand Sukamulya (Sukabumi). Meanwhile, V2 with the highest diameter ofrhizome (2,089 cm), stable at 4 out of 5 locations and responsive tofertilizer application. On the other hand, V3 with the average of rhizomeyield 51.98 g/tiller, equal to 10.4 t/ha, specifically adaptable to the agro-climate similar to the environment conditions at Cileungsi, Cijeruk(Bogor) and its native, Sumedang.Key words: Kaempferia galanga L., superior variety, yield stability,specific location, West Java

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