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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007" : 6 Documents clear
KANDUNGAN ASAM LAURAT PADA BERBAGAI VARIETAS KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU VCO NOVARIANTO, HENGKY; TULALO, MEITY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.073 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.28-33

Abstract

ABSTRAKPeluang pengembangan agribisnis kelapa dengan produk bernilaiekonomi tinggi sangat besar, antara lain Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Mutuproduk dari VCO di antaranya ditentukan dari kandungan asam lemakrantai medium, MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) dan asam laurat (C12:0). Penelitiananalisis keragaman asam lemak pada koleksi plasma nutfah kelapa telahdilakukan pada 35 varietas kelapa yang ditanam di Kebun PercobaanMapanget, Balitka tahun 2005. Teknologi proses VCO sebagai sampelmenggunakan proses pemanasan bertahap, dan sebagian sampel meng-gunakan cara fermentasi. Sampel VCO dari 35 varietas kelapa ini dikirimke Laboratorium Terpadu IPB Bogor untuk dianalisis kadar asamlemaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragamankandungan asam lemak, khususnya asam laurat pada berbagai varietaskelapa yang cocok untuk bahan baku VCO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa keragaman kandungan MCFA dan kadar asam laurat dipengaruhioleh varietas kelapa, tinggi tempat tumbuh, teknologi proses VCO dantempat analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis asam lemak dari VCO pada 35aksesi kelapa koleksi Balitka Manado diperoleh bahwa total kandunganMCFA pada kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi dari kelapa Genjah. Totalkandungan MCFA kelapa Dalam antara 47,35% sampai 57,89%,sedangkan pada kelapa Genjah antara 45,45% sampai 55,68%. Dari 35aksesi kelapa ini diperoleh bahwa total MCFA di atas 56% ditemukanpada 10 aksesi kelapa Dalam, yaitu Dalam Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete,Dalam Kalasey, Dalam Wusa, Dalam Pungkol, Dalam Mapanget 55 danDalam Mapanget 99 asal Sulawesi Utara, lalu Dalam Lubuk Pakam asalSumatera Utara, Dalam Banyuwangi asal Jawa Timur, dan Dalam Paluasal Sulawesi Tengah. Kandungan asam laurat (C12:0) pada VCO darikelapa Dalam lebih tinggi sekitar 2%-3% dibandingkan dengan kelapaGenjah. Kadar asam laurat pada 35 aksesi kelapa beragam antara terendah36,04% pada kelapa Genjah Hijau Nias asal Sumut, sampai tertinggi44,19% pada kelapa Dalam Kinabuhutan asal Sulut. Aksesi kelapa yangmengandung kadar asam laurat di atas 43% adalah kelapa DalamKinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete, Dalam Lubuk Pakam, Dalam Wusa danDalam Mapanget 55. Kelapa yang sama varietasnya dan ditanam pada dualokasi yang berbeda tinggi tempatnya diperoleh kadar asam laurat padakopra di dataran rendah (80 m dpl.) ternyata lebih tinggi antara 1,78%sampai 3,94% dibandingkan yang berasal dari dataran tinggi (450 m dpl.).Teknologi fermentasi menghasilkan kandungan asam laurat rata-rata lebihtinggi antara 2,03% sampai 3,48% pada empat varietas kelapa Dalam darilima varietas yang diuji.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, varietas, pasca panen, asam lemak,asam laurat, minyak kelapa, Sulawesi UtaraABSTRACTLauric acid profile of various coconut varieties as rawmaterial for VCOCoconut agribusiness development has large opportunity to producehigh value coconut product, such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Thequality of VCO is determined by the content of medium chain fatty acid,MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) and lauric acid (C12:0). Analysis of fatty acid variationfrom coconut germplasm collection was done on 35 coconut varietiesplanted at Mapanget Experimental Garden, ICOPRI in 2005. Theprossesing technology of VCO used step heating, and some samples alsoused fermentation. The VCO samples of 35 coconut varieties was sent toIntegrated Laboratory of IPB Bogor to find out the content of fatty acids.The purpose of the study was to know the variability of fatty acid contents,especially for lauric acid content in various coconut varieties as rawmaterials for VCO. The research result showed that the content of MCFAand lauric acid was influenced by coconut varieties, altitude of coconutpalm growth, processing technology of VCO and defferent laboratories foranalysis the fatty acids. The result of fatty acids analysis of VCO from 35coconut accessions of ICOPRI germplasm collection found that total ofMCFA content on tall coconut is higher than dwarf coconut. Total ofMCFA content on tall coconut ranges 47.35%-57.89%, whereas on dwarfcoconut it ranges of 45.45%-55.68%. From 35 coconut accessions, therewere 10 accessions that showed total MCFA higher than 56% namely:Kinabuhutan Tall, Tontalete Tall, Kalasey Tall, Wusa Tall, Pungkol Tall,Mapanget 55 Tall and Mapanget 99 Tall from North Sulawesi, and thenLubuk Pakam Tall from North Sumatera, Banyuwangi Tall from East Java,and Palu Tall from Central Sulawesi. Lauric acid content of VCO of tallcoconut was higher 2%-3% compared to dwarf coconut. Lauric acidcontent of 35 coconut accessions varied from the lowest 36.04% on NiasGreen Dwarf from North Sumatera, up to the highest 44.19% onKinabuhutan Tall from North Sulawesi. Coconut accessions that havelauric acid content higher than 43% were Kinabuhutan Tall, Totalete tall,Lubuk Pakam Tall, Wusa Tall and Mapanget 55 Tall. The same varietiesof tall and hybrid coconut planting on two different altitudes showed thelauric acid content of copra on lowland plain (80 m above sea level) washigher between 1.78% to 3.94% compared to the same varieties on uplandplain (450 m above sea level). The fermentation processing technology ofVCO has resulted average of lauric acid content are higher between 2.03%to 3.48% on four varieties of coconut tall, from the five varieties. In thefuture it is necessary to develope the protocol of VCO which is matchedwith Indonesian National Standardization of VCO.Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, variety, pest harvest, fatty acid,lauric acid, coconut oil, North Sulawes
PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN POLA TANAM KAPAS TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN POPULASI PREDATOR HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA) IGAA. INDRAYANI; NURINDAH NURINDAH; SUJAK SUJAK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.34-39

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenanaman varietas tahan hama adalah salah satu cara pengendalianserangga hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula, yang telah diadopsi petanikapas di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan hama cukup efektifmenekan serangan hama pengisap ini. Namun demikian, peluang adanyacara pengendalian alternatif patut dipertimbangkan, misalnya memanfaat-kan faktor mortalitas biotik A. biguttula, seperti musuh alami. Penelitianpengaruh varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan populasipredator hama pengisap daun A. biguttula telah dilakukan di KebunPercobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, dan di laboratorium Entomologi BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Malang, mulai Januari sampaiDesember 2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruhperbedaan varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan predatorA. biguttula. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor I adalah varietaskapas dengan tingkat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula berbeda-beda, yaitu:(1) TAMCOT SP37 (peka), (2) Kanesia 7 (moderat), dan (3) LRA 5166(tahan). Faktor II adalah pola tanam kapas, yaitu: (1) monokultur, dan (2)tumpangsari dengan kedelai. Setiap perlakuan disusun secara faktorialdengan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.Parameter pengamatannya adalah populasi nimfa A. biguttula danpredator. Di laboratorium dilakukan uji pemangsaan terhadap predatorterpilih dengan cara memberi umpan nimfa A. biguttula untuk mengetahuikemampuannya memangsa per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaperbedaan tingkat ketahanan varietas terhadap A. biguttula mempengaruhiperkembangan populasi kompleks predator. Lebih banyak predatorditemukan pada TAMCOT SP37 dan Kanesia 7 dibanding pada LRA5166. Sedangkan perbedaan pola tanam tidak menyebabkan perbedaanpopulasi predator. Kapas monokultur maupun tumpangsari dapatmenyediakan lingkungan ideal bagi perkembangan kompleks predator.Laba-laba dan Paederus sp. adalah predator yang populasinya lebihdominan  dibanding  predator lainnya.  Pada uji  pemangsaan dilaboratorium, Paederus sp. mampu memangsa 15-25 nimfa A. biguttulainstar kecil dan 10-20 instar besar, sedangkan laba-laba per harimemangsa 2-12 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan besar.Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Amrasca biguttula,Paederus sp., nimfa, mortalitas biotik, varietas, pola tanam,Jawa TimurABSTRACTEffect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton onpopulation density of insect predator Amrasca biguttula(Ishida)Planting resistant variety of cotton is one of cultural method forcontrolling sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. This method has widely beenapplied by cotton farmers in Indonesia. Nevertheless, alternative controlshould also be found to obtain better control of this pest, e.g. biologicalcontrol by using parasitoids and predators. Study on effect of variety andcropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predator of A.biguttula was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station and inEntomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Institutein Malang from January to December 2005. The objective of study was tostudy the effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to populationdensity of insect predators. Treatment consists of two factors. The firstfactor was cotton variety based on resistance to A. biguttula, viz.TAMCOT SP37, Kanesia 7, and LRA 5166 known susceptible,intermediate, and resistant to A. biguttula, respectively. The second factorwas cropping system with monoculture and intercropping with soybean.Each treatments was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications.Parameter observed in field study were population of A. biguttula and itspredators. While, the laboratory study was to find out the daily preyability of selected predator by baiting nymph of A. biguttula.The result showed that difference resistance of cotton varietyinfluenced the population density of insect predator. More insect predatorswere found on TAMCOT SP37 and Kanesia 7 compared to LRA 5166,while the density of insect predator was not affected by different croppingpattern and it was due to the patterns provided better environment forinsect predator development. Spider and Paederus sp. were the dominantinsect predators found in the field because their population higher thanthose other predators. Laboratory study showed that Paederus sp. preyed15-25 younger and 10-20 older instar of nymph per day, while spider ate2-12 nymphs of both age of A. biguttula per day.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Amrasca biguttula,Paederus sp., nymph, biotic mortality, variety, croppingpattern, East Java
BIOSINTESIS MENTHOL PADA BERBAGAI PERIODE PENCAHAYAAN TANAMAN MENTHA (Mentha piperita L.) ROSIHAN ROSMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.8-13

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme sintesis mentholpada berbagai periode pencahayaan tanaman M. piperita L. Penelitiandilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat danAromatik, Lembang, Jawa Barat, dari bulan Januari 2000 hingga Juli 2000.Penelitian dilakukan tiga tahap. Tahap pertama membuat variasilingkungan cahaya, tahap kedua penyulingan dan analisis komponenminyak dengan kromatografi gas spektrometer massa dan tahap ketigamerunut lintasan biosintesis menthol. Penelitian menggunakan rancanganacak kelompok 5 perlakuan, yaitu L 0 (panjang hari normal sebagaikontrol), L 1 (pemutusan periode gelap 1 jam, pukul 21.00-22.00 mulaiumur 30 hari), L 2  (pemutusan periode gelap 1 jam, pukul 21.00-22.00mulai umur 60 hari), L 3 (penambahan cahaya 4 jam, pukul 18.00-22.00mulai umur 30 hari), dan L 4 (penambahan cahaya 4 jam, pukul 18.00-22.00 mulai umur 60 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaperubahan lingkungan mempengaruhi mekanisme sintesis menthol didalam tanaman Mentha piperita L. Perubahan lingkungan mengubahlintasan menthol yang selanjutnya mengubah komponen minyak dan mutumenthol. Tingginya kadar menthol dan rendahnya menthofuran padapenambahan cahaya 4 jam terjadi melalui penghambatan pembentukansenyawa menthofuran dengan mereduksi pulegon menjadi menthol,sehingga menthol meningkat, sedangkan pada perlakuan kontrol terjadioksidasi pulegon ke menthofuran sehingga menthol rendah. Penambahancahaya 4 jam mulai umur 30 hari setelah tanam menghasilkan minyakdengan kadar menthol paling tinggi yaitu 54,89% dan menthofuran palingrendah yaitu 7,83%.Kata kunci :  Mentha, Mentha piperita L., periode pencahayaan, hasil,komposisi minyak, Jawa BaratABSTRACTThe effect of photoperiod on menthol sysnthesis ofMentha piperita L.Research on the effect of photoperiod on menthol synthesis ofMentha piperita L, was carried out at the Experimental Garden of InstituteReseach for Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Lembang, West Java, fromJanuary until July, 2000. The objective is to study the machanism ofmenthol synthesis in relation with the manipulation of light periode, threesteps were taken: The first step was manipulation of environment using TLlamps (two experiments), the second step was distillation and analisis ofpeppermint oil from their products with gas chromatography and massspectrometry, and the third step was tracing the pathway on mentholbiosynthesis. At the first experiment, 5 treatments were given i.e. (1)control or normal light period, (2) four hours light supplement at the age of30 days and 60 days after planting, and (3) one hour interruption of darkperiod at the age of 30 days and 60 days. The result showed that the effectof light period manipulation can change the pathway of mentholbiosynthesis and oil component and finally the quality of menthol. Fourhours light supplement at the age of 30 days after planting could enhancethe menthol content and reduce menthofuran by blocking the reaction frompulegone to menthofuran, so the pulegone was reduced into menthon andmenthol. Four hours light supplement at 30 days after planting showed thehighest menthol content (54.89%) and the lowest menthofuran (7.83%).Control treatment (normal light period) showed the lowest mentholcontent, due to no reduction of pulegone into menthon, but pulegone wasoxidized into menthofuran. Without additional light the menthol contentdecreased and the menthofuran content increased.Key words : Mentha, Mentha piperita L., oil composition, photoperiod,yield, West Java
PRAKIRAAN HARGA AKARWANGI: APLIKASI METODE JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN CHANDRA INDRAWANTO; ERIYATNO ERIYATNO; ANAS M. FAUZI; MACHFUD MACHFUD; SUKARDI SUKARDI; NOER SOETRISNO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.14-20

Abstract

ABSTRAKPrakiraan harga terna akarwangi dan harga minyak akarwangi telahdilakukan dengan menggunakan metode jaringan syaraf tiruan. Memakaidata harga dari Januari 2000 sampai Agustus 2006 dilakukan prakiraanharga untuk 24 bulan kedepan. Prakiraan terbaik dengan Mse pelatihandan Mse testing yang rendah didapat pada kombinasi fungsi aktivasi layartersembunyi sigmoid biner dan fungsi aktivasi output sigmoid bipolardengan rentang data transformasi (0,1) untuk prakiraan harga ternaakarwangi. Sedangkan untuk prakiraan harga minyak akarwangi didapatpada fungsi aktivasi layar tersembunyi sigmoid bipolar dan fungsi aktivasioutput sigmoid biner dengan rentang data (0,1). Hasil prakiraan hargamenunjukkan harga rata-rata terna akarwangi dan harga rata-rata minyakakarwangi untuk tahun 2007 dan 2008 masih di atas harga titik impasusahatani maupun usaha agroindustri minyak akarwangi.Kata kunci : Akarwangi, Vetiveria zizanioides L., harga, prakiraan,jaringan syaraf tiruan, Jawa BaratABSTRACTVetiver oil prices forecasting with artificial neuralnetwork methodVetiver and vetiver oil prices forecasting with artificial neuralnetwork method has been done. Time series data from January 2000 toAugust 2006 was used to forecast the prices for 24 months ahead. The bestresult for forecasting of vetiver prices was gotten using sigmoid binaryactivation in hidden layer, sigmoid bipolar activation in output layer andtransformation data spread (0,1). The best result for forecasting of vetiveroil prices was gotten using sigmoid bipolar activation in hidden layer,sigmoid binary activation in output layer and transformation data spread(0,1). The result shows that the average forecasting prices of vetiver andvetiver oil in 2007 and 2008 higher than the prices needed for vetiverfarming and vetiver oil agroindustry to reach break event point.Key words: Vetiveria zizanioides L., prices, forecasting, artificial neuralnetwork, West Jav
PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI TERNA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees DEVI RUSMIN; MELATI, S MELATI, S; WAHYUNI WAHYUN; SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.21-27

Abstract

ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benihsambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah waktu panen.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap viabilitas benih sertahubungannya dengan produksi terna sambiloto. Percobaan dilakukan diKP. Cimanggu dan Laboratorium, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat danAromatik, dari Maret 2005 – Maret 2006. Percobaan disusun dalamrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan stadia umurpanen dan 4 ulangan. Stadia umur panen yang diuji yaitu 18, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, dan 29 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Variabel yangdiamati yaitu mutu benih (daya berkecambah benih, kecepatanberkecambah), pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang),serta produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, dan bobotkering batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Umur panenbenih berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah benih dan kecepatanberkecambah benih sambiloto; daya berkecambah dan kecepatanberkecambah tertinggi didapatkan pada umur panen benih 22 dan 21 HSA(67,00 dan 55,00)%; sedangkan daya berkecambah yang terendahdiperoleh pada umur panen 18 HSA (23,50)%, (2) Umur panen benihberpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pada tanamanumur 1 bulan. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi berturut-turutdidapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 dan 26 HSA (39, 63dan 36,58 cm serta 16,71 dan 16,61 buah); dan (3) Umur panen benihberpengaruh terhadap produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot keringdaun, bobot kering batang) pada umur 3 bulan. Bobot basah tanaman,bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang tertinggi didapatkan padaperlakuan umur panen benih 27 HSA (291,25, 28, 27 dan 28,86)g. Bobotbasah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang terendahdidapatkan pada perlakuan 18 HSA (217,09, 22,10 dan 20,24)g. Umurpanen benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang pada umur 3bulan.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, umur panen,viabilitas, produksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTThe influence of harvesting time on the seed viability andthe  relationship  with  herb  yield  of  king  bitter(Andrographis paniculata Nees)One of the main factors influencing the viability of king bitter(Andrographis paniculata Nees) is appropriate harvesting time. Based onthis problem a research was conducted to study the relationship betweenseed maturity and seed viability, and herb yield of king bitter. The researchwas conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station and in the laboratory ofIndonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI)from March 2005 to March 2006. The experiment was arranged in arandomized block design with 10 seed maturity stages and 4 replications.Maturity seed tested was 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 daysafter anthesis. The observations were made on seed quality (percentage ofseed germination, and rate of seed germination), plant growth (plantheight, number of branches) and herb yield (fresh herb weight, leaf dryweight, and stem dry weight). The results of experiment indicated that (1)seed maturity affected seed germination, and rate of seed germination ofking bitter; the highest seed germination and germination rate wereachieved by seeds harvested at 21 and 22 days after anthesis, (2) stage ofseed harvesting affected on the plant height and number of branches at 1month after planting. The highest plant height and number of brancheswere found on the treatments of seeds harvested at 26 and 27 days afteranthesis, they were 39.63 and 36.58 cm and 16.71 and 16.61; (3) seedmaturity also affected herb production, such as wet weight of plants, dryweight of leaf and dry weight of steam at 3 moths after planting. Wetweight of plant, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were achievedat the treatments of seeds harvested at 27 days after anthesis, they were291.25, 28.27 and 28.86 g. The lowest of wet of plant weight, dry weightof leaf and dry weight of stem were found on the seeds harvested at 18days after anthesis. They were 217.09, 22.10 and 20.24 g. Moreover, thestage of harvesting did not influence the number of branches at 3 monthsafter planting.Key words: King bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, seed maturity,viability, production, West Java
APLIKASI SITOKININ TIPE PURIN DAN UREA PADA MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS ANIS (Pimpinellla anisum L.) IN VITRO ROSTIANA, OTIH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.1-7

Abstract

ABSTRAKAnis (Pimpinella anisum L.) merupakan tanaman herba tahunanyang termasuk ke dalam famili Umbelliferae. Buahnya diketahuimengandung minyak atsiri yang didominasi senyawa trans-anethol (90%)dan berkhasiat sebagai antiseptik, antispasmodik, antikanker, karminatif,pelega tenggorokan, obat bronkitis, serta digunakan dalam pembuatansabun, parfum, pasta gigi, juga krim kulit. Sebagai tanaman bernilaiekonomi, upaya perbanyakan anis perlu dilakukan. Perbanyakan secara invitro dengan teknik kultur jaringan merupakan salah satu metode alternatifyang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah banyak,seragam dan dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Dengan penambahansitokinin sintetik tipe urea seperti thidiazuron (TDZ) dan tipe purin sepertibenzil amino purin (BAP) akan memacu inisiasi dan proliferasi tunas.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan media yang tepat untuk menginduksitunas anis yang optimal dengan penambahan BAP atau TDZ, mengetahuirespon pertumbuhan dan penampakan kultur akibat penambahan berbagaikonsentrasi BAP atau TDZ, serta mempelajari sinergisme yang terjadiantara keduanya. Pada tahap inisiasi, eksplan berupa tunas pucuk diinduksidi dalam media MS padat dengan penambahan BAP (0,1 mg/l; 0,2 mg/l;0,3 mg/l; 1 mg/l; 2 mg/l; 3 mg/l), atau TDZ dengan kisaran konsentrasiyang sama. Tunas terbanyak yang dihasilkan dari dua jenis sitokinin padatahap ini disubkultur ke dalam media yang ditambahkan jenis sitokininyang berbeda (TDZ ke BAP atau BAP ke TDZ) pada konsentrasi 0,3 mg/latau 3 mg/l. Pada media yang ditambahkan TDZ dihasilkan tunas anislebih banyak (3,62-6,28) dibandingkan pada media yang ditambahkanBAP (1,86-2,78), tetapi tunas yang dihasilkan pendek (roset). Sedangkantunas yang dihasilkan dalam media yang ditambahkan BAP beruas lebihtinggi tetapi jumlah tunasnya sedikit. Subkultur tunas anis ke dalam mediayang diperkaya dengan sitokinin yang berbeda meningkatkan jumlah tunasyang berproliferasi dan memperbaiki visual tunas.Kata kunci: Anis, Pimpinellla anisum L. ,  minyak atsiri, multiplikasi tunas,in vitro, TDZ, BAP, Jawa BaratABSTRACTApplication of purine and urea types of cytokinins inshoot multiplication of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) invitroPimpinella anisum L. or sweet anise is an annual–herbaceous plantbelongs to the Umbelliferae family. The fruit of anise contains of essentialoil, which is mainly consisted of trans-anethol (90%). Essential oils ofanise is mainly used as an antiseptic, antispasmodic, anticancer,carminative, expectorant and has also been used as component in soap,perfumery, tooth paste, and skin cream productions. Since this crop ismainly cultivated in sub tropical region, anise cultivation in Indonesia hasnot been performed. To obtain sufficient numbers of anise plantingmaterials in vitro propagation was conducted by applying benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ). In this research TDZ or BAP wereapplied at various concentrations (0,1 mg/l: 0.2 mg/l; 0.3 mg/l; 1 mg/l; 2mg/l; 3 mg/l), to induce shoots in MS-solid culture media. The highestnumber of shoots obtained in those two type of cytokinins containingmedia from the initiation stage were subcultured into the mediasupplemented with different cytokinins (TDZ to BAP or BAP to TDZ) at0.3 mg/l or 3 mg/l levels. The results showed that medium with theaddition of TDZ resulted in higher numbers of shoot (3,26-6,28) than thatof medium with an addition of BAP (1,86-2,78). However, rosette shootswere dominant in TDZ containing medium. On the other hand, mediumwith an addition of BAP resulted in less numbers of shoots with tallernodes. Subculture of anise into different kinds of cytokinins increased thenumbers of proliferated-shoots and recovered the abnormal shoots.Key words : Anise, Pimpinellla anisum L, essential oils, shootsmultiplication, in vitro, TDZ, BAP, West Java

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