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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009" : 6 Documents clear
RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK BIO PADA KONDISI AGROEKOLOGI YANG BERBEDA YUSRON, MUCHAMAD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.162-167

Abstract

ABSTRAKEfisiensi pemupukan dan peningkatan produktivitas temu-temuandapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan pupuk bio. Penelitian untukmengetahui respon temulawak terhadap pupuk bio telah dilaksanakan didua kondisi agroekologi yang berbeda di Kabupaten Boyolali, yakni diDesa Wonoharjo, Kecamatan Kemusu (jenis tanah Mediteran coklat tua,200 m dpl, tipe iklim C, tegakan jati umur 3 tahun, intensitas cahayasekitar 60%), dan Desa Kaligentong, Kecamatan Ampel (Andosol, 600 mdpl, tipe iklim B, hutan sengon rakyat, intensitas cahaya sekitar 40%).Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Oktober 2002 sampai September 2003.Jarak tanam temulawak 50 cm x 75 cm, luas petak 10 m x 10 m.Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3perlakuan dan 9 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah dosis pupuk bio, yaitu (i) 0, (ii)45, dan (iii) 90 kg/ha. Sedangkan pupuk dasar yang diberikan adalah 10ton pupuk kandang + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kg KCl per ha.Pupuk  bio  yang  digunakan  mengandung  mikroorganisme  aktifAzospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann, dan Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Pupuk urea diberikan tiga kali, masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada 1, 2, dan 3bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parametertinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, produksi rimpang dan mutu rimpang. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan tidak dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Pupuk bio secara nyata mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas temulawak, namun peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Penambahan pupuk bio sebesar 45 dan 90 kg/hameningkatkan produksi rimpang segar temulawak sebesar 24 dan 47%.Mutu simplisia yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar Materia MedicaIndonesia.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, pupuk bio, kondisi agroekologiABSTRACTResponse of Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) toBiofertilizers Application Under Different Agroecological ConditionFertilization efficiency and yield of zingiberaceae may be improvedthrough the application of biofertilizers. A field experiment to evaluate theresponse of Java turmeric to the application of biofertilizers under differentagroecological conditions was carried out at Wonoharjo, KemusuSubdistrict (dark brown Mediterranean soil, 200 m asl., climate type C,3 years teak plantation, light intensity 60%), and Kaligentong, AmpelSubdistrict (Andosol, 600 m asl., climate type B, 5 years albizia plantation,light intensity 40%). Both experimental sites were located at BoyolaliDistrict. The experiment was conducted from October 2002 to September2003. Planting distance was 50 cm x 75 cm, and plot size was 10 m x 10m. The experiment was arranged using randomized block design withthree treatments and 9 replicates. The treatments were biofertilizer dosage,i.e. (i) 0, (ii) 45 and (iii) 90 kg/ha. Inorganic fertilizers was applied as basalfertilization, i.e. 10 ton manure + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kgKCl per hectare. Biofertilizer contained some active microorganisms, i.e.Azospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann and Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Urea was applied 1/3 dosage each at 1, 2, 3 months after planting (MAP).Manure was applied a week before planting, while SP-36 and KCl wereapplied at planting time. Parameters observed were plant height, numbersof clump, fresh rhizome yield and dried rhizome quality. The resultsshowed that plant growth was not significantly affected by agroecologicalconditions. Biofertilizers significantly affected crop yield, however, theincrease of crop yield was affected by agroecological conditions.Application 45 and 90 kg/ha of biofertilizers of increased fresh rhizomeyield of about 24 and 47%. Dried rhizome quality of all treatments meetMateria Medica Indonesia standard.Keywords : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, biofertilizers, agroecologicalconditions
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI DARI DERIVAT METIL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir) IRMA KRESNAWATY; ACHMAD ZAINUDDIN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.145-151

Abstract

ABSTRAKBanyak tanaman yang dilaporkan memiliki kandungan senyawabahan aktif antioksidan dan antibakteri. Salah satu tanaman Indonesia yangmemiliki aktivitas ini adalah gambir (Uncaria gambir). Pada penelitian ini,ekstrak etanol daun gambir diubah menjadi derivat metilnya untukmembuatnya lebih larut dalam lemak dan diamati pengaruh derivatisasitersebut terhadap aktivitas antioksidan di laboratorium kimia organik danpengujian aktivitas antibakteri di laboratorium mikrobiologi UniversitasPadjadjaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kimia OrganikJurusan Kimia dan laboratorium Mikrobiologi Jurusan Biologi UniversitasPadjadjaran dari bulan Desember 2004 - Juli 2005. Ekstrak gambirdimetilasi  menggunakan  dimetil  sulfat  (DMS)  dan  dimurnikanmenggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan pelarut bergradien (kloroform :metanol = 99:1 ; 98:2 ; 95:5 ; 80:20 ; 70:30; dan 50:50 v/v) dan kemudianmenggunakan kloroform : metanol = 99 : 1 v/v. Aktivitas antioksidanmenunjukkan penurunan yang tampak dari peningkatan, yaitu : IC 50  13,41ppm untuk ekstrak etanol menjadi 121,81 ppm untuk hasil metilasi.Aktivitas antibakteri juga menunjukkan penurunan setelah dimetilasikarena adanya penurunan diameter hambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Duaisolat (isolat 1 dan 2) yang diperoleh dari hasil pemurnian dikarakterisasimenggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible dan FT-IR. Hasil yangdiperoleh mengindikasikan adanya senyawa fenolik yang ditunjukkan olehregang –OH pada 3445 dan 3448 cm -1 dan regang CH aromatik pada 3010dan 3030 cm -1 . Isolat 1 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri yanglebih tinggi dibandingkan isolat 2.Kata kunci : Uncaria gambir, derivat metil, antibakteri dan aktivitasantioksidanABSTRACTThe antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolextract of gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir)There are many plants in Indonesia reported to contain antioxidantand antibacterial substances. One of them having these activities is gambir(Uncaria gambir). In this research, ethanol extract of gambir leaves waschanged into its methyl derivate in order to make it more soluble in fats.The effect of the derivatization on antioxidant activity was observed atorganic chemistry laboratory and antibacterial activity was observed atmicrobiology laboratory of the Padjadjaran University. This research wascarried out in December 2004 to July 2005. Gambir extract wasmethylized using dimethylsulphate (DMS) and then purified usingcoloumn chromatography with gradient solvents (chloroform : methanol =99:1; 98:2; 50:50; 80:20; 70:30; and 50:50 v/v), and then with chloroform :methanol = 99:1 v/v. The antioxidant activity showed a decrease indicatedby an increase of IC 50 from 13.41 ppm for ethanolic extract to become121.81 ppm for the methylated compounds. The antibacterial activity alsoshowed a decrease after methylization due to the decrease of inhibitiondiameter of bacteria growth. Two isolates (isolate 1 and 2) obtained fromthe  purification  steps  were  characterized  using  UV-Visiblespectrophotometer and FT-IR. The results indicated the existence ofphenolic compunds showed by -OH stretching in 3,445 and 3,448 cm -1 ;and CH aromatic stretching in 3,010 and 3,030 cm -1 . Isolate 1 was higherin antioxidant and antibacterial activities than isolate 2.Key words : Uncaria gambir, methyl derivative, antibacterial, antioxidantactivities
KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI R.R. SRI HARTATI; A. SETIAWAN; B. HELIYANTO; D. PRANOWO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.152-161

Abstract

ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanamanpenting untuk menghasilkan biofuel. Dari biji tanaman ini dapatdiekstraksi bahan bakar biokerosen dan biodiesel. Tetapi potensi hasiltanaman ini perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat mempunyainilai komersial. Peningkatan potensi hasil tanaman jarak pagar dapatdilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian yangdilakukan adalah mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif dan generatif sertapotensi hasil dari individu J. curcas hasil seleksi di Kebun Induk JarakPagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari korelasi antarakarakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari tanaman yangdievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk meng-identifikasi individu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetuapotensial untuk program pengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdayahasil tinggi. Tanaman yang dievaluasi berasal dari 20 genotipe terpilihyang berasal dari Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa TenggaraBarat dan Sulawesi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut diseleksi berdasarkan hasiluji provenan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari setiap genotipeterpilih diambil tiga butir benih. Benih-benih tersebut kemudiandikecambahkan di tempat pembibitan yang terkontrol dan setelah berumur2 bulan bibit ditanam di lapangan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2007. Karaktervegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari individu-individu yangdievaluasi dimonitor selama satu tahun (1 Agustus 2007 – 31 Juli 2008).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan tanaman-tanaman yang diuji(merupakan keturunan dari 20 genotipe J. curcas hasil seleksi), bervariasipada karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan percabangan. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut juga menunjukkan variasi pada umur berbunga, jumlahinfloresen, jumlah tandan buah, jumlah buah, dan jumlah biji serta kadarminyak biji. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah infloresen, dan jumlah tandan buahberkorelasi positif dengan hasil buah dan biji per tanaman. Sementara ituumur berbunga berkorelasi negatif dengan semua karakter generatif.Berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasilnya,teridentifikasi tiga individu yang berpotensi sebagai tetua untukpengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Individu-individu tersebut adalah HS 49-2, PT 13-2, dan PT 15-1. Ketiga individutersebut menghasilkan lebih dari 350 buah per tanaman dan kadarminyaknya berkisar antara 36 – 38%.Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., evaluasi lapangan, seleksi fenotip,analisis korelasi, karakter vegetatif, karakter generatif, dayahasil, kandungan minyak bijiABSTRACTMorphologies and Yield Performances of 60 SelectedGenotypes of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) at PakuwonExperimental Station, SukabumiPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is an important biofuelproducing crops in Indonesia. Biokerosene and biodiesel fuel could beextracted from seeds of this crop. Yield potential of this crop needs to beincreased in order to meet its commercial usage. Such yield potentialimprovement could be achieved through plant breeding program. Theobjectives of this research were to evaluate vegetative and generativecharacters and yield potentials of selected individual of J. curcas at KebunInduk Jarak Pagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. This research was also intended toanalyze correlation among vegetative and generative characters and yieldpotentials of the evaluated genotypes. Subsequently, the collected datawere used to identify individual crop that can be used as potential parentgenotypes for developing new high yielding J. curcas cultivar. Theevaluated genotypes were derived from 20 selected parent plantsoriginated from Lampung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara,and Sulawesi. The genotypes were selected based on provenance trials inthe previous experiment. Three seeds were collected from each parentplant and were germinated in the controlled seed nursery conditions. Theseedlings were planted in the field on May 22, 2007 when they were 2months old. Vegetative and generative characters and yield potentials ofthe evaluated individuals were monitored for one year (August 1, 2007 toJuly 31, 2008). Results of the experiments indicated the tested genotypesderived from 20 selected J. curcas parent plants exhibited variabilities intheir height, stem girth, and branches characters. They also exhibited highvariabilities in their time of flowering, number of inflorescence, number ofbunches, number of fruits and nut per plant, and their oil contents. Plantheight, number of inflorescence, and number of bunches were positivelycorrelated with yield of fruits and nuts per plants. Meanwhile, time offlowering was negatively correlated with all generative characters. Basedon their vegetative and generative characters and their yield potentials,three genotypes were identified as the new potential parents for developinghigh yielding J. curcas cultivar. They were HS 49-2, PT 13-2, and PT 15-1. These newly selected genotypes yielded more than 350 fruits per plantwith 36 – 38 % seed oil content in their first year.Key words : Jatropha curcas L., field evaluation, phenotypic selection,correlation  analysis,  vegetative characters,  generativecharacters, seed yield, oil content
PENGARUH AMPAS SAGU DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS LADA PERDU M. SYAKIR; M.H. BINTORO; H. AGUSTA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.168-173

Abstract

ABSTRAKAmpas sagu berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan organik untukmeningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Pengaruh ampas sagu terhadap kesuburantanah ditentukan oleh tingkat dekomposisi dan komposisinya. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat dekomposisi ampas sagu terhadappertumbuhan dan produksi lada perdu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KebunPercobaan Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempahdan Obat pada bulan Mei 2003 sampai April 2004. Tanaman yangdigunakan adalah tanaman lada perdu umur 4 tahun yang ditanam dibawah tanaman karet. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok(RAK), dengan 3 ulangan dan 6 tan/perlakuan yang menguji perlakuankombinasi antara tingkat dekomposisi ampas sagu(W) dan komposisinyadengan kompos (A), terdiri dari : W 0 = ampas sagu dekomposisi 0 bulan,W 1 = ampas sagu dekomposisi 1 bulan, dan W 2 = ampas sagu dekomposisi2 bulan dan A 1 = 100% ampas sagu, A 2 = 75% ampas sagu + 25% kompos,A 3 = 50% ampas sagu + 50% kompos dan A 4 = 25% ampas sagu + 75%kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mulsa ampassagu 100 % dalam bentuk segar dekomposisi 1 bulan ternyata menghambatpertambahan jumlah cabang tersier lada perdu hingga akhir penelitian.Dibandingkan dengan kontrol terjadi perbedaan pengaruh yang nyataterhadap komponen produksi, sebagai respon terhadap kombinasiperlakuanW 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 1 A 3 pada panjang tandan (9,13; 9,03; 8,70 cm),dan W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 0 A 4 pada jumlah biji/tandan (46,67; 43,00; 41,73biji/tandan), serta W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 2 A 3 pada bobot kering buahlada/tanaman (323,20; 314,90; 297,85 g/tanaman). Pemberian ampas sagu75% + 25% kompos (W 2 A 2 ) dan 100% (W 2 A 1 ) dekomposisi 2 bulanmampu meningkatkan jumlah biji 91 - 107% dan menghasilkan bobotkering buah yang tinggi sebesar 323,20 dan 314,90 g per tanaman.Kata kunci: Ampas sagu, mulsa, lada perdu, produktivitasABSTRACTUse of Sago Waste and Compost to Increase theProductivity of Bushy Black PepperAs a source of organic matter to improve soil fertility, sago wastecan also be used as an ameliorant and natural herbicide. The effect of sagoand compost on soil fertility is determined by the grade of decompositionand its compositions. An experiment was conducted at the experimentalgarden of Bogor Agricultural University Bogor and Indonesian Medicinaland Aromatic Crops Research Institute, from May 2003 to April 2004.Plant material used was bushy black pepper of the Petaling variety, 4 yearsold, planted under rubber trees. The treatments used were A 1 W 0 = 100%sago waste without decomposition; A 1 W 1 = 100% sago waste after 1month decomposition; A 1 W 2 = 100% sago waste after 2 monthsdecomposition; A 2 W 0 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost, withoutdecomposition; A 2 W 1 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost, after 1 monthdecomposition; A 2 W 2 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost, after 2 monthsdecomposition; A 3 W 0 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost, withoutdecomposition; A 3 W 1 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost, after 1 monthdecomposition; A 3 W 2 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost, after 2 monthsdecomposition; A 4 W 0 = 25% sago waste + 75% compost, withoutdecomposition; A 4 W 1 = 25% sago waste + 75% compost, after 1 monthdecomposition; A 4 W 2 = 25% sago waste + 75% compost, after 2 monthsdecomposition; TBO = without organic matter (control). The experimentwas performed with a randomized block design, with 3 replicates and 6plants/plot. The results showed, that 100% sago palm waste after 1 monthdecomposition hampered number of tertiary branch until the end ofresearch. The real difference on the productivity components as a respondof combination sago waste treatments wereW 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 1 A 3 for lengthof stem (9.13; 9.03; 8.70 cm), and W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 0 A 4 for number ofberries/spike (46.67; 43.00; 41.73 kernels/spike), and W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 2 A 3for dry weight of berries/plant (323.20; 314.90; 297.85 g/plant).Extension of 75% sago palm waste+ 25% compost (W 2 A 2 ) and 100%(W 2 A 1 ) after 2 months decomposition were able to increase amount ofseed 91 - 107 % and dry weight of berries /plant which were323.20 and314.90 g per plant.Key words: Sago waste, mulch, bushy pepper black, productivity
RESISTENSI BEBERAPA AKSESI WIJEN TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA TUNGAU (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) S. W . TUKIMIN; R. D. PURWATI; WIDI RUMINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.184-191

Abstract

ABSTRAKSerangan hama tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) padatanaman wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) mulai terjadi pada tahun 2005 yangmengakibatkan penurunan produksi di daerah-daerah pengembangan.Langkah awal untuk mendapatkan varietas tahan P. latus adalahmengetahui sumber ketahanan pada plasma nutfah wijen. Pengujianresistensi beberapa aksesi wijen terhadap hama tungau P. latus dilaksana-kan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro, mulai April sampai Juli2008. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan aksesi-aksesiwijen terhadap tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks). Perlakuanyang terdiri dari 25 aksesi wijen disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok,dan diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan meliputi: intensitas kerusakan daun,serta jumlah telur, larva, nimfa dan imago P. latus dan dilakukan mulai 25HST hingga 75 HST dengan interval 10 hari sekali. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa intensitas serangan hingga 75 HST terendah padaaksesi HD 11 (50,0%). Nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori agak tahanterhadap kerusakan tungau P. latus. Intensitas kerusakan tertinggi padaaksesi HD 3 (63,33%), HD 8 dan HD 15 masing-masing 61,67%, dantermasuk kategori rentan terhadap serangan tungau P. latus. Populasilarva, nimfa, dan imago P. latus berpengaruh terhadap tingginya nilaiintensitas kerusakan.Kata kunci : Sesamum indicum, resistensi, aksesi, Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks)ABSTRACTThe Resistance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Accessions Against Broad Mite Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks)Since 2005, investation of mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)has affected the decrease of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) productivity inits cultivation area. The initial first improvement to gain resistant varietiesto P. latus was identifying resistant source/gene of sesame germplasm. Theresistance evaluation of sesame accession against mite was conducted inexperimental station of IToFCRI, Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro from Apriluntil July 2008. This experiment was aimed at finding out resistanceaccessions against leaf mite P. latus. The treatment consisted of 25accessions and was arranged in randomized blok design with threereplications. The parameter observed were: leaves damage intensity, eggs,larvae, nymph and adult of P. latus. The observation had been performedsince 25 days after planting (DAP) with ten days interval until 75 DAP.The result showed that the lowest damage intensity at 75 DAP, wasobserved on HD 11 (50,0%). as moderately resistance. Other accessionswith high damage intensity were HD 3 (63,33%), HD 8 and HD 15(61,67%) and were categorized as sensitive to mite P. latus. Population oflarvae, nymph, and adult of P. latus influenced the damage intensity.Key words: Sesamum indicum, resistance, accessions, Polyphagotar-sonemus latus (Banks)
VARIASI GENETIK BEBERAPA SPESIES KAPAS (Gossypium sp.) BERDASARKAN KERAGAMAN POLA PITA ISOZIM E. SULISTYOWATI; SULISTYOWATI SULISTYOWATI; S. RUSTINI; S. SUMARTINI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.174-183

Abstract

ABSTRAKDeskripsi aksesi-aksesi kapas berdasarkan karakter morfologinyatelah disusun berdasarkan descriptor list yang disusun oleh IBPGR, akantetapi marka genetik dari aksesi-aksesi tersebut belum diketahui. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman pola-pita isozim Peroksidase(PER), Esterase (EST), dan Aspartate amino transferase (AAT) pada 19aksesi kapas dan kemiripan ke-19 aksesi kapas berdasarkan ketiga isozimtersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari 2008 di RumahKaca Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta dan analisisisozim dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Tumbuhan, PAU Ilmu HayatIPB. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah elektroforesis gel pati tipehorisontal dengan tiga sistem enzim, yaitu enzim peroksidase (PER),esterase (EST), dan aspartate amino transferase (AAT). Penelitianmenghasilkan data berupa pola pita isozim yang selanjutnya dibuat dalamdata biner. Data biner yang dihasilkan dibuat dalam persamaan matrik dandilanjutkan analisis gerombol dengan metode ‘UPGMA’ (Unweighted PairGroup Method Arithmetic Average) menggunakan fungsi SHAN padaProgram NTSYSpc versi 2.02. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaIsozim esterase dapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi Kanesia 1 (terbentuksatu pita spesifik) dan Kanesia 6 (satu pita spesifik); isozim peroksidasedapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi Kanesia 3 (dua pita pada kutub positif),aksesi-aksesi G. barbadense (dalam hal ini CTX-3 dan Giza-90 dua pitapada kutub positif) dan G. arboreum (empat pita pada kutub positif dansatu pita pada kutub negatif). Sedangkan isozim aspartat amino tranferasedapat dijadikan marka genetik bagi spesies G. herbaceum (dua pitaspesifik). Selain itu, terdapat kemiripan genetik antar aksesi kapasberdasarkan ketiga isozim (EST, PER, dan AAT). Pengelompokanberdasarkan ketiga isozim dari ke-19 aksesi kapas diketahui bahwa padajarak kemiripan 0,59 atau kemiripan 59% semua aksesi kapas menyatu,yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama hanya terdiri aksesiKanesia 1 saja. Sedangkan Kelompok kedua terdiri atas aksesi-aksesiKanesia 2, Kanesia 3, Kanesia 6, Kanesia 4, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 7,Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, M-5, Kanesia 8, Kanesia 9, Kanesia 15, AKA-5,Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, CTX-3, Giza-90 dan Kanesia 5.Kata kunci: Gossypium sp., keragaman genetik, pola pita isozimABSTRACTGenetic Diversity of Cotton Species (Gossypium sp.)Based on Variation of Isozyme Banding PatternMorphological characters of cotton accessions have been describedbased on the descriptor list produced by IBPGR, but the genetic markersfor those accessions have not yet been known. This research aimed atstudying the diversity and similarity among 19 cotton accessions based onisozyme banding patterns of peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), andaspartate amino transferase (AAT). Research was carried out in February2008 at the green house of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas MaretUniversity, Surakarta and the isozyme was analyzed in Plant BiologicalLaboratory, Biological Science PAU IPB. Samples were electrophoresedon horizontal type of potato extract gel and stained with three enzymesystems, i.e. peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), and aspartate aminotransferase ( AAT). The isozyme bandings were scored and translated intobinary data, which was then used to deduce the similarity amongaccessions and to draw dendrogram by using 'UPGMA' (Unweighted PairGroup Method Arithmetic Average) method from the NTSYSPC softwareversion 2.02. Experimental results showed that isozyme esterase can beused as genetic marker for Kanesia 1 (one specific band) and Kanesia 6(one specific band). Isozyme peroxidase can be used as genetic marker forKanesia 3 (two bands at positive end), accessions G. barbadense i.e. CTX-3 and Giza-90 (two bands at positive end) and G. arboreum (four bands atpositive end and one band at negative). Isozyme aspartate aminotransferase can be used as genetic marker for spesies G. herbaceum (twospecific bands). Moreover, the similarity analysis among 19 cottonaccessions based on the three isozymes showed that at the similarity levelof 59%, all accessions are divided in two groups. The first group consistedof Kanesia 1 only. Whereas the second group consisted of accessionsKanesia 2, Kanesia 3, Kanesia 6, Kanesia 4, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 7,Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, M-5, Kanesia 8, Kanesia 9, Kanesia 15, AKA-5,Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, CTX-3, Giza-90, and Kanesia 5.Key words: Gossypium sp., genetic diversity, isozyme banding pattern

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