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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010" : 6 Documents clear
PENAMPILAN MORFOLOGI, VARIABILITAS FENOTIPIK PRODUKSI DAN UKURAN GELONDONG TANAMAN JAMBU METE HASIL PERSILANGAN WAHYUNI, SRI; BERMAWIE, NURLIANI; SESWITA, DELIAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (147.716 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.141-149

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian telah dilakukan di KP Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengahdengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pewarisan sifat morfologi dan keragamanfenotipik produksi dan ukuran gelondong nomor-nomor persilangan CF,CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, AS. Tanaman hasil persilanganditanam tahun 1997 dengan jarak tanam 6 m x 6 m. Pengamatan karaktermorfologi tanaman (habitus, warna daun pucuk, warna buah semu) danukuran gelondong dilakukan pada umur tanaman 5 tahun, sedangkantingkat produksi tanaman per pohon diamati selama 4 tahun produksi(2000 - 2003). Karakter tanaman yang diamati dikelompokkan ke dalam 3group yaitu (1) karakter tanaman dan daun, (2) karakter buah, dan (3)karakter gelondong. Terhadap data kualitatif dilakukan penggolongan yangmengacu pada descriptor list tanaman jambu mete (IPBGR). Analisisdeskriptif dan proporsi tanaman (%) dihitung sesuai pembagian karakteryang diamati. Terhadap data kuantitatif (produksi dan ukuran gelondong)dilakukan analisis variabilitas fenotipik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkantanaman hasil persilangan mempunyai karakter tanaman dan daun beragam,sebagian mirip tetua betina, sebagian mirip tetua jantan, sebagian lagimerupakan karakter antara kedua tetuanya, dengan proporsi setiapkombinasi persilangan berbeda. Penurunan sifat bentuk buah padatanaman jambu mete beragam, tetua dengan bentuk buah yang sama(kerucut) dapat menghasilkan keturunan dengan bentuk buah bervariasi(kerucut, silinder, membulat). Demikian pula dengan karakter warna buahsemu. Persilangan antar tetua dengan warna buah merah menghasilkanketurunan dengan warna buah merah, orange, dan kuning. Kultivar Ssebagai tetua jantan dapat meningkatkan ukuran gelondong keturunannya,tetapi tidak pada semua keturunan dan tidak sebesar ukuran gelondongtetua jantan S tersebut. Variabilitas fenotipik produksi dan ukurangelondong tanaman hasil persilangan tergolong luas, sehingga dengantetua yang sama keturunannya tidak memiliki tingkat produksi dan ukurangelondong yang relatif seragam. Oleh karena itu tanaman hasil persilanganyang terseleksi sebaiknya diperbanyak dengan penyambungan agardiperoleh tanaman dengan karakter yang lebih seragam.Kata kunci : Anacardium  occidentale,  jambu  mete,  persilangan,variabilitas fenotipikABSTRACTMorphology performance, yield and nut size phenotypicvariability of cashew progenyProgenies from five parents crossing combination of promisingcashew were planted at Muktiharjo experimental station, Pati, Central Javain 1997 to observe its variability. The progenies were the crossingcombinations of CF, CM, CA, CS, FM, FA, FS, MA, MS, and AS.Seedlings were planted in 6 m x 6 m space-row. Observation formorphological characters, such as habitus, shoot colour, apple colour, andnut size, were done at 5 years plant age. Moreover, for nut yield, theobservations were conducted for 4 times harvest period (2000-2003). Allof characters observed were divided into 3 groups : (1) habitus and leafcharacters, (2) fruit characters, and (3) nut characters. The qualitative datawere grouped based on cashew descriptor list (IPBGR). Qualitative datawere analyzed and the proportion of progeny performance in eachcharacter observed were counted. Yield and nut size phenotypicvariabilities were analized. Result indicated that the progeny showedvariation in plant habitus, trunk shape, and leaf. Some of progenyperformances alike a male parent, some likes female parents and someothers in between of their parents and differ in proportion of each crossingcombination. Fruit characters progeny are also showed variation. Parentwith the same apple shape (pyramid), having progeny with pyramid,silinder and rounded apple shape type. Crossing parent which has the samered apple colour, the progeny has red, orange and yellow apple colour. Fornut size characters, S as a male parent could increasing nut size of progenybut the nut size are not as big as the size of the male parent. Both parentand their progeny have the great variation of nut shape and colour.Phenotypic variability of yield and nut size of progeny are very broad, itimplies that progeny of the same parent has un-uniform yield and nut size.For further plant development, selected progeny of hybridization can bedeveloped by grafting to get more uniform plant.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, cashew, hybridization, phenotypicvariability
PENGGUNAAN AIR KELAPA SEBAGAI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH PADA MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) IN VITRO DELIAH SESWITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.135-140

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakansalah satu tanaman obat potensial unggulan yang memiliki khasiatmultifungsi. Rimpangnya yang berkhasiat obat mampu mengobati ber-bagai penyakit seperti kelainan pada hati/lever, kantong empedu, danpankreas. Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat ingin menggunakan pengo-batan dengan bahan alami, menjadikan permintaan benih temulawaksebagai bahan baku obat maupun industri jamu di Indonesia meningkatdengan pesat. Kondisi ini memberi peluang kepada petani sebagaipenyedia bahan tanaman. Upaya penyediaan bahan tanaman secara massaldalam waktu singkat serta bebas hama dan penyakit dapat dilakukanmelalui teknik kultur jaringan. Teknik ini dibatasi oleh tingginya biayaperbanyakan, di antaranya penggunaan bahan kimia. Oleh karena itu perludikaji penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yang berasal dari bahanalami (salah satunya adalah air kelapa) sebagai substitusi ZPT sintetik.Penelitian penggunaan air kelapa sebagai ZPT dilakukan di LaboratoriumKultur Jaringan Plasma Nutfah Pemuliaan dan Perbenihan, BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor, dari bulan Mei sampaidengan bulan Desember 2009. Eksplan berasal dari tunas temulawak sterilhasil perbanyakan sebelumnya. Media yang digunakan adalah mediaMurashige and Skoog (MS) yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa tarafkonsentrasi air kelapa (0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20%) sebagai substitusi ZPT danair kelapa dengan memakai millipore. Media dibuat padat, sebagaipembanding pada media MS + ZPT kimia yaitu BA1,5 mg/l. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10 ulangan. Parameteryang diuji adalah jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan, tanpa komponen kimia, dengan penambah airkelapa pada berbagai konsentrasi pada media dasar MS, berhasilmembentuk tunas, daun dan akar. Jumlah tunas terbanyak didapat padakombinasi media dengan penambahan air kelapa 15% sebanyak 3,4 tunas,jumlah daun 2,2 daun serta jumlah akar terbanyak yaitu sebanyak 13,2akar pada umur 2 minggu. Pada kombinasi media dengan memakaimillipore, tunas terbanyak hanya 2,6 tunas, tetapi tidak berbeda nyatadengan perlakuan kontrol MS + BA 1,5 mg/l, yaitu sama-sama memiliki2,6 tunas, 3,6 daun, dan 15,4 akar.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., in vitro, air kelapa, zatpengatur tumbuh, multiplikasi in vitroABSTRACTThe use of Coconut Water as Growth Regulator onMultiplication of Java Turmeric Buds (Curcumaxanthorrhiza Roxb. ) in vitroJava turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a potentialmedicinal plant which has many uses. Its rhizome has efficacy to curevarious diseases such as disorder on lever, gall bladder and pancreas.There is a tendency that people want to use therapy by natural materials,increases demand of turmeric seed as raw material of medicine industry inIndonesia. This condition provides a chance to farmers as supplier of plantmaterials. However, up to now, the high need of plant materials causes thelimitation of supply so that their alternatives are needed for providing plantmaterials in maximum number. The part of plant material provision in highnumber and in a short time and free from pests and diseases can beconducted through tissue culture technique. However, this technique islimited by the high cost of multiplication, among others the use ofchemical materials. Therefore, the use of growth regulator originated fromnatural material as substitution of synthetic growth regulator need to beassessed, one of them is coconut water. The experiment was carried out atthe laboratory of Tissue Culture, Germ Plasm, and Plant Breeding,Indonesia for Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute, Bogorfrom May to December 2009. Explants originated from sterile turmericshoots, product of previous multiplication. Media used was Murashige andSkoog (MS) combined with several concentration levels of coconut water( 0; 5; 10; 15, and 20%) as substitution of growth regulator and coconutwater by using millipore. Solid media was used, as comparison on mediaof chemical MS + was BA1.5 mg/l. The experiment was arranged incompletely randomized design with 10 replications. Parameters observedwere the numbers of shoots, leaves and roots. Results showed that withoutchemical component, by addition of coconut water on variousconcentrations on based media of MS, produced shoots, leaves and roots.The highest shoot number obtained on combination of media and additionof coconut water 15% as many as 3.4 shoots, with the number of leaves2.2 leaves at the age of 2 weeks and the highest roots formed on 15 %coconut water as many as 13.2 roots. Whereas on combination of mediawith millipore, the highest shoots were only 2.6 shoots, however it was notsignificantly different from treatment of control MS + BA 1.5 mg/l, itproduced 2.6 shoots,3.6 leaves and 15.4 roots.Key words : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., in vitro, coconut water,growth regulator, multiplication in vitro
EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA DEPOSIT FOSFAT ALAM INDONESIA SEBAGAI PUPUK SUMBER FOSFOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT PADA TANAH ULTISOLS A. KASNO; SUDIRMAN SUDIRMAN; M.T. SUTRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.165-171

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh fosfat alam asalIndonesia terhadap kadar P dalam tanah dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit.Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanah di Laladon,Bogor dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2009, dengan menggunakanrancangan percobaan acak kelompok dengan 8 perlakuan dan diulang 5kali. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah 5 P-alam asal Indonesia, ditambahSuperphos, P-alam Tunisia, dan kontrol. Tanah yang digunakan adalahTypic Kanhapludults dan Typic Plinthudults yang diambil dari Lampung,dengan tanaman indikator adalah kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemupukan P nyata meningkatkan diameter batang,tinggi tanaman, berat akar dan berat kering tanaman. Pemupukan P denganSuperphos memberikan peningkatan yang lebih tinggi daripada pemu-pukan dengan fosfat alam. Efektivitas pupuk P-alam pada TypicPlintudults lebih rendah dibandingkan pada Typic Kanhapludults. PupukP-alam dari Indonesia sama efektifnya dengan P-alam Tunisia untukpemupukan tanaman kelapa sawit. Pemupukan P dengan Superphos padatanaman kelapa sawit nyata meningkatkan kadar P tanah lebih tinggidaripada kadar P tanah yang dipupuk P-alam. Pemberian pupuk P belumberpengaruh terhadap kadar P dalam akar dan tanaman kelapa sawit dalampembibitan.Kata kunci: Elaeis guinensis, kelapa sawit, tanah masam, fosfat alamABSTRACTEffectiviness of several rock phosphate deposites fromIndonesia as P fertilizer sources on the growth of oilpalmseedling on ultisolsThe aim of this research was to study the effect of rock phosphatefrom Indonesia on P content on the soil and growth of oil palm. Thisresearch was conducted at the glass house of Indonesian Soil ResearchInstitute, Laladon Bogor from June to December 2009, using randomizedcomplete block design (RCBD) with 8 treatments and 5 replicates. Thetreatments were 5 types of Indonesia rock phosphate, Superphos, Tunisiarock phosphate, and control. The soils used were Typic Kanhapudults andTypic Plinthudults, and oil palm nursery as plant indicator. The resultshowed that P fertlizer was significant to increase trunk diameter, plantheight, root weight, and plant dry weight. Superphos fertilizer increasedtrunk diameter, plant height, root weight, and plant dry weigth better thanrock phosphate. Effectivity of rock phosphate at Typic Plinthudults waslower than at Typic Kanhapludults. Indonesian rock phosphate waseffective for fertilizing oil palm, as well as Tunisia rock phosphate. Pfertilization using Superphos significantly increased P soil content and wasbetter than rock phosphate. Application of rock phosphate did notinfluence P contents in root and plant of oil palm in nursery.Key words: Elaeis guinensis, oil palm, acid soils, rock phosphate
POTENSI PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SERAT PADA GALUR-GALUR F1 HASIL PERSILANGAN INTERSPESIES KAPAS TETRAPLOID EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.150-158

Abstract

ABSTRAKPersilangan interspesies kapas tetraploid antara G. hirsutum danG. barbadense dilakukan untuk memperbaiki mutu serat G. hirsutum.Penelitian dilakukan dengan menguji 16 galur F1 hasil persilanganinterspesifik kapas tetraploid, 8 varietas tetua betina dari kelompokG. hirsutum (Kanesia 9, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, Kanesia 14,dan Kanesia 15), dan 2 varietas tetua jantan dari kelompok G. barbadense(Pima dan Giza 90). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompokyang diulang dua kali, dengan luas plot 50 m 2 dan jarak tanam 100 x 25cm 2 . Percobaan dilaksanakan di Asembagus dari bulan Januari sampaidengan Desember 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap komponenproduksi, produksi, dan mutu serat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaproduktivitas galur-galur F1 hasil persilangan interspesies kapas tetraploidberkisar antara 1.495-2.602,50 kg kapas berbiji/ha dan kandungan seratantara 30,14 – 38,66%. Galur F1 yang tertinggi produktivitasnya adalah P08019 (Kanesia 10 x Pima), sedangkan galur yang tertinggi kandunganseratnya adalah P 08032 (Kanesia 13 x Pima). Heterosis produksi kapasberbiji atas rerata kedua tetua pada galur-galur F1 berserat panjang hasilpersilangan interspesies kapas tetraploid cukup luas kisarannya yaitu dari-20,60 sampai 35,47. Galur-galur F1 hasil persilangan interspesies kapastetraploid memiliki kehalusan, kekuatan dan panjang serat yang lebih baikdibandingkan tetua betinanya (G. hirsutum). Limabelas dari 16 galur F1memiliki kehalusan serat yang berada dalam kisaran 3,5 – 4,9 mic.Perbaikan genetik 15 galur F1 tersebut untuk kekuatan serat adalah 7,34 -72,88%, sedangkan untuk karakter panjang serat mencapai 8,94 – 34,58%.Terdapat korelasi negatif antara potensi produksi dan kekuatan serat, jugaantara kehalusan serat dengan kekuatan dan panjang serat.Kata kunci : G. hirsutum, produksi, mutu serat, persilangan interspesies,tetraploidABSTRACTYield and Fiber Properties of F1 Lines Resulted fromInterspecific Hybridisation of Tetraploid CottonInterspecific hybridisation of tetraploid cotton between G. hirsutumand G. barbadense aiming to improve fiber properties of G. hirsutum wascarried out in Asembagus from January through December 2009.Experiment was testing 16 F1 interspecific cotton lines, eight G. hirsutumvarieties of female parents (Kanesia 9, Kanesia 10, Kanesia 11, Kanesia12, Kanesia 14, dan Kanesia 15), and two G. barbadense varieties of maleparents (Pima dan Giza 90). The experiment was arranged in randomizedblock design with two replicates; plot size was 50 m 2 and planting spacewas 100 x 25 cm 2 . Parameters observed were yield components, yield, andfiber properties. Experiment result showed that yield of F1 lines resultedfrom interspecific hybridisation of tetraploid cotton ranged 1,495 –2,602.50 kg seed cotton/ha with gin turnout of 30.4 – 38.66%. Line P08019 (Kanesia 10 x Pima) was the best yielding line, whereas lineP 08032 performed the highest gin turn. Heterosis of yield overmid parentsof each line ranged from -20.60 to 35.47. F1 lines resulted frominterspecific hybridisation of tetraploid cotton have better fiber fineness,strength, and length as compared to their female parents. Fifteen out of 16F1 line have fiber finess of 3.5 - 4.9 mic. The F1 lines showed geneticimprovement of fiber strength by 7.34 - 72.88% and of fiber length by 8.94- 34.58%. A negative correlation was observed between yield and fiberstrength, as well as between fiber fineness and fiber strength and length.Key words : G.  hirsutum,  production,  fiber  value,  interspecifichibdridisation, tetraploid
KETAHANAN 35 KLON KAKAO TERHADAP INFEKSI Phytophthora palmivora Butl. BERDASARKAN UJI DETACHED POD RUBIYO RUBIYO; AGUS PURWANTARA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.172-178

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemuliaan untuk menghasilkan klon yang toleran terhadap penyakitbusuk buah kakao sudah lama dilakukan di Indonesia. Pengendalian yangefektif dan efisien terhadap penyakit ini adalah dengan menggunakanbahan tanaman yang tahan. Tetapi untuk mendapatkan atau merakit bahantanaman yang tahan memerlukan waktu yang lama, juga ketersediaanplasma nutfah yang memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon koleksi kakao terhadap infeksipenyakit busuk buah P. palmivora. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalahpengujian ketahanan 35 klon kakao terhadap infeksi P. palmivoraberdasarkan uji detached pod, dan menentukan ada tidaknya hubunganantara tipe kakao dan bentuk buahnya dengan sifat ketahanan terhadapinfeksi P. palmivora, serta kerentanan klon kakao terhadap infeksiP. palmivora pada koleksi plasma nutfah kakao. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Penyakit Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia Jemberpada Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini menggunakan buah kakao dari 35 klonbuah 4 bulan setelah antesis. Buah yang dipetik dari pohon diinokulasidengan miselia P. palmivora di laboratorium. Pengamatan dilakukan ter-hadap panjang dan lebar bercak yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi P. palmi-vora terhadap buah kakao yang diuji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitiandiketahui bahwa klon kakao yang tahan terhadap penyakit busuk buah(P. palmivora) adalah klon ICCRI 1, PA 300, ICCRI 3, UIT 1, NIC 4, DR38, ICS 13, Sca 6, TSH 858 dan ICS 60 merupakan 10 klon kakao yangmempunyai tingkat resistensi tinggi terhadap infeksi P. palmivora dari 35plasma nutfah klon kakao yang diuji. Klon kakao yang sangat rentanadalah RCC 73, KKM 22, NIC 7, DRC 16, RCC 71, BL 300, BL 301,KEE 2, TSH 908 dan DRC 15. Klon kakao yang dapat digunakan sebagaitetua untuk proses seleksi lebih lanjut adalah: ICCRI 1, PA 300, ICCRI 3,UIT 1, TSH 858, NIC 4, DR 38, ICS 13, dan Sca 6.Kata kunci : Theobroma cocoa, kakao, busuk buah, evaluasi, plasmanutfah, uji ketahananABSTRACTResistance of 35 Cocoa Clones against Phytophthorapalmivora Butl. Infection Based on Detached PODAssaysBreeding to produce clones tolerant to black pod disease of cocoahas long been done in Indonesia. Effective and efficient control of thisdisease is by using resistant planting material. But to obtain or assembleresistant planting materials require long period of time, also theavailability of germplasm with high genetic diversity. This researchactivities were conducted to evaluate the response of cocoa collectionagainst infection of black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora.The objectives of this experiment were (i) to evaluate the respone of 35cocoa clones against infection of P. palmivora using detached pod assay,(ii) to determine the most resistance cocoa clones, and (iii) the mostsusceptible cocoa clones among evaluated cocoa germplasm collectionagainst infection of P. palmivora. The research was conducted at theDisease Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Coffee and Cocoa ResearchInstitute in 2008. In the experiment, pods of 35 cocoa clones (at 4-5months after anthesis) were harvested and inoculated with mycelia of P.palmivora in the laboratory. Observations were conducted on length andwidth of necrosed symptoms because of P. palmivora infection on thesurface of the tested pods. The experiment showed that ICRI 1, PA 300,ICRI 3, UIT 1, NIC 4, DR 38, ICS 13, TSH 858, SCA 6, and ICS 60 werethe ten most resistant cocoa clones. On the other hand, cocoa clones ofRCC 73, KKM 22, NIC 7, DRC 16, RCC71, BL 300, BL 301, KEE 2,TSH 908, and DRC 15 were the ten most susceptible cocoa clones.Genotypes used as the parental clones for future selection process wereclones: ICCRI 1, ICCRI 3, ICS 13, TSH 858, UIT 1, PA 300, NIC 4, DR38, and Sca 6.Key words: Theobroma cocoa, cocoa, black pods, germplasm evaluation,resistance tests
PENGARUH MINYAK JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas LINN.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS, BERAT PUPA, DAN PENELURAN HAMA JARAK KEPYAR TUKIMIN S W; DECIYANTO SOETOPO; ELNA KARMAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.159-164

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)terhadap mortalitas, berat pupa dan peneluran larva Achaea janata belumpernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukansebelumnya minyak jarak pagar mengandung phorbol ester yang dapatdigunakan sebagai biopestisida dan Achaea janata merupakan hama utamapada tanaman jarak kepyar. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan diLaboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan SeratMalang pada bulan April - Juli 2009, menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi minyak jarak pagar, satupembanding, satu kontrol air dan kontrol detergen, diulang tiga kali.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efek phorbol ester dalamminyak biji jarak pagar (MJP) untuk membunuh larva A. janata. Duaaksesi minyak biji jarak pagar yang diuji adalah: SP 67 asal SulawesiSelatan dan Jatim 45 asal Jawa Timur. Pengamatan meliputi jumlahmortalitas larva, berat prepupa, pupa, jumlah telur, dan telur tetas. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi SP 67 yang memiliki kandunganphorbol ester 9,49 µg/ml dengan konsentrasi 5 ml minyak biji jarak pagar(J. curcas) + 1 g detergen/liter air cukup efektif dan mengakibatkanmortalitas larva A. janata 85,34%, LC 50 =2,33 ml/L, 72 jam setelahpenyemprotan. Jumlah telur 362 butir dan telur tetas 34,27%. Aksesi Jatim45 yang memiliki kandungan phorbol ester 4,39 µg/ml dengan konsentrasi10 ml minyak biji jarak pagar (J. curcas) + 1 g detergen/liter air cukupefektif dan mengakibatkan mortalitas larva A. janata 85,34%, LC 50 = 9,35ml/liter pada 72 jam setelah penyemprotan. Jumlah telur 487 butir dantelur tetas 34,75%. Kedua aksesi tersebut mengakibatkan mortalitas larvaA. janata dan efek lanjutan mengakibatkan cacat larva, prepupa, dan pupa,penurunan jumlah telur dan presentase telur tetas.Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas L, phorbol ester, aksesi, minyak biji jarakpagar, mortalitas, larva, Achaea janata L.ABSTRACTEffects of Jatropha curcas Crude Oil (JCO) on Mortality,Weight of Pupae, and Fertility of Achaea janataStudy on the effects of JCO on mortality, weight of pupae, andfertility of Achaea janata has never been done in Indonesia. Based onanalysis, JCO contains phorbol ester which can be used as biopesticide.A. janata is a main pest on castor oil plants. This study was carried out atEntomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (ITOFCRI) in Malang from April through July 2009. Theexperiment was arranged using randomized block design with 7 treatmentsand 3 replicates. The objective of the research was to find out the ability ofJCO to kill larvae of A. janata and its effect on pupae weight and fertility.This experiment tested two physic nut accessions : SP 67 (originated fromSouth Sulawesi) and Jatim 45 (from East Java). Observations included thenumber of larvae mortality, weights of prepupae and pupae, number ofeggs, and percentage of hatches. Results showed that SP 67 accessioncontaining 9.49 µg phorbol ester/ml oil with concentration of 5 ml JCO +1 g detergent/l was fairly effective to kill larvae of A. janata (LC 50 = 2.33ml/l) after 72 hours of spraying. Pupae laid 362 eggs and only 34.27% ofthe eggs hatched. Jatim 45 accession containing 4.3 g/µg phorbol ester perml oil with concentration of 10 ml JCO + 1 g detergen/l was fairlyeffective to kill larvae of A. janata (LC 50 = 9.35 ml/l) after 72 hours ofspraying. Only 34.75 % of the 487 eggs hatched.Key words: Jatropha curcas L., phorbol ester, accessions, JCO,mortalily, larvae, Achaea janata L.

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