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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013" : 6 Documents clear
KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK DAN ISOLASI TRIMIRISTIN BIJI PALA PAPUA (Myristica argentea) M A’MUN, M A’MUN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.978 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.72-77

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak pala yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan biji palamerupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia. Di Kabupaten FakfakPapua, komoditas pala dikembangkan dari jenis Myristica argentea. Jenispala ini dapat menghasilkan minyak, namun karakteristik minyaknyabelum banyak diketahui. Biji pala (terutama biji yang tua) jugamengandung lemak yang memiliki komponen utama trigliserida-trimiristin yang banyak digunakan dalam industri kosmetik dan industrioleo chemical sebagai substitusi lemak pangan, maupun dalam industripelumas. Kandungan trimiristin dalam lemak pala jauh lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan minyak kelapa, minyak inti sawit, dan minyakbabassu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik minyak palaPapua dan mengetahui rendemen lemak trimiristin dari bijinya. Penelitiandilakukan pada bulan Januari - Mei 2010 di Laboratorium Pengujian BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor. Biji pala yang digunakansebagai bahan penelitian ini diambil langsung dari tujuh pohon yangterdapat di kebun wilayah Air Besar, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua. Minyakdisuling dengan cara destilasi uap. Minyak yang dihasilkan dianalisissesuai dengan Standar Internasional (ISO, 2002), yang meliputi sifat fisikakimia (berat jenis, indeks bias, putaran optik, kelarutan dalam etanol, sisapenguapan, dan komposisi komponen kimia). Identifikasi komponen-komponen kimia utama dalam minyak pala dianalisis menggunakanmetode kromatografi gas. Lemak trimiristin diisolasi dari biji (metodeekstraksi dengan pelarut organik) dan analisis kandungan trimiristin(metode kromatografi gas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwarendemen minyak pala Papua sangat rendah yaitu 3,11%. Karakteristikfisika kimia minyak tidak sesuai dengan Standar Internasional. Biji palaPapua mengandung trimiristin, dengan rendemen rata-rata 79,50% (daritotal lemak pala) dan tingkat kemurnian rata-rata 99,20%. Dengandemikian, biji pala Papua dapat berperan sebagai sumber trimiristin yangmempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi.Kata kunci : pala Papua, Myristica argentea, minyak pala, lemak pala,trimiristinABSTRACTNutmeg oils produced by the distillation of nutmeg seed is oneof Indonesia's export commodities. In Fakfak Regency of Papua, nutmegMyristica argentea type is well developed. The type of nutmeg is good oilproducer, however its characteristics has not been known. Nutmeg seed(especially the mature one) also contain fats with triglyceride-trimyristinas main components, which is widely used in the cosmetics industry andoleo-chemical industry as a substitute of fatty food, as well as in industriallubricants. The trimyristin content of nutmeg fat is much higher than thatof coconut oil, palm kernel oil and babassu oil. This study aimed atexamining the oil characteristics and trimyristin content of Papua nutmegseed. The experiment was conducted from January to May 2010 in theTesting Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and MedicinalPlants in Bogor. Nutmeg seed which was used as research material, wastaken directly from the 7 trees located in a certain nutmeg garden, at thearea of the Air Besar District, Fakfak, Papua. Oil was distilled by steamdistillation. The oil was then analyzed its physico-chemical characteristics(specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, solubility in ethanol,residue evaporation and chemical components). The main chemicalcomponents of nutmeg oil were analyzed using the gas chromatographymethod. Fat trimyristin isolated from the seeds (through organic solventsextraction) and the content was analyzed (gas chromatography method).The results showed that the yield of Papua nutmeg oil is very low (3.11%).Its physico-chemical characteristics of the oil did not match theInternational Standards. It is also observed that Papua nutmeg containstrimyristin, with the average yield of 79.50%, and average purity level of99.20%. Papua nutmeg, therefore, is a potential source of trimyristin, aproduct with high economic value.Key words: Papua nutmeg, Myristica argentea, oil, fat, trimyristin
STABILITAS HASIL DAN MUTU ENAM GENOTIPE HARAPAN JAHE PUTIH KECIL (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var amarum) PADA BEBERAPA AGROEKOLOGI NURLIANI BERMAWIE; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID; NUR AJIJAH; SUSI PURWIYANTI; BUDI MARTONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.58-65

Abstract

ABSTRAKPeningkatan produktivitas dan mutu jahe putih kecil memerlukanbahan tanaman unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuistabilitas hasil dan mutu enam genotipe jahe putih kecil pada berbagaikondisi agroekologi. Enam genotipe harapan jahe putih kecil dan duagenotipe lokal sebagai pembanding diuji selama dua musim tanam diempat lokasi (Sukabumi, Sumedang, Majalengka, dan Garut) pada tahun2004 sampai 2006. Rancangan percobaan dilakukan mengikuti rancanganacak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Jarak tanam 60 x 40 cmdengan populasi per plot sebanyak 100 tanaman. Parameter yang diamatiadalah hasil (bobot rimpang per rumpun) dan mutu (kadar minyak atsiri,fenol total, sari larut air, dan sari larut alkohol). Analisis stabilitas hasilmenggunakan metoda Yau dan Hamblin. Hasil pengujian menunjukkangenotipe ZIOF-0049 dan ZIOF-0050 menghasilkan rimpang dengan rataanbobot aktual cukup tinggi serta stabil pada berbagai kondisi agroeokologi.Kadar minyak atsiri genotipe ZIOF-0049 sedang (2,92%), sedangkanZIOF-0050 tinggi (3,28%). Genotipe ZIOF-0046 memiliki kadar minyakatsiri cukup tinggi (3,91%), dan stabil di seluruh unit pengujian. Selainkadar minyak atsiri genotipe ZIOF-0046 juga memiliki kadar fenol(3,04%) dan kadar sari larut air (24,40%) yang cukup tinggi. GenotipeZIOF-0008 memiliki kadar minyak atsiri yang tinggi (3,64%) dan stabilpada berbagai unit pengujian. Empat genotipe ZIOF-0049, ZIOF-0050,ZIOF-0046, dan ZIOF-0008 menunjukkan karakter stabil pada sifat hasildan mutu rimpang sehingga layak untuk direkomendasikan sebagaigenotipe unggul dan beradaptasi luas.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, jahe putih kecil, interaksigenetik dan lingkungan, hasil, mutuABSTRACTThe provision of superior genotype having stable yield andquality is a prerequisite for the productivity and quality improvement ofsmall white ginger. Research to study stability of yield and quality wasundertaken on six promising genotypes with two control variety by multienvironmental tests in four locations (Sukabumi, Sumedang, Majalengka,and Garut) for two growing seasons from 2004-2006. The experimentused a randomized block design with three replicates, 60 cm x 40 cm plantspacing, 100 plants per plot. Parameters observed were fresh rhizomeyield and quality (essential oil content, total phenolic content, watersoluble extract, and alcohol soluble extract). Stability analysis wasundertaken based on Yau and Hamblin method. Genotype ZIOF-0049 andZIOF-0050 produced the high rhizome weight and considered to berelatively stable at four locations. Essential oils content of ZIOF-0049were medium (2,92%) and ZIOF-0050 were high (3,28%). Genotypes thathave high content of essential oil (3,91%) and stable in various testing unitwas ZIOF-0046. In addition to the essential oil content, genotypes ZIOF-0046 also had phenol (3,04%) and water-soluble extract (24,40%) contentwere high. Genotype ZIOF-0008 has a high volatile oil content (3,64%)and stable in various testing unit. Four genotypes ZIOF-0049, ZIOF-0050,ZIOF-0046 and ZIOF-0008 showed stable in rhizome yield and qualitycharacters. That were deserves to be recommended as superior genotypesand wide adaptation.Key words: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, small white ginger, geneticand environment interaction, yield, quality
PENAMBAHAN KLORIDA DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BEBERAPA JENIS TANAH UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT A. KASNO; DEDI SOLEH EFFENDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.78-87

Abstract

ABSTRAKKelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) berkembang pesat di Indonesiadan  penggunaan  pupuk  meningkat.  Pada  awalnya  pupuk  KClmemperhitungkan hara K, namun diketahui hara Cl juga merupakan haramikro esensial. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari penambahan Cl danbahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar Cl dalam tanaman danakar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanah, Bogor, tahun 2011. Contoh tanah diambil dari Cinangneng, Bogor(Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols), Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols), danSumatera Selatan (Gambut). Bibit kelapa sawit varietas Avros umur tigabulan ditanam dalam polibag dan dipanen setelah berumur 8 bulan.Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah, dengan petak utamaempat jenis tanah, dan empat anak petak, yaitu (1) Kontrol (-Cl), (2) KCl,(3) NPK, dan (4) KCl + bahan organik. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali.Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot keringtanaman dan akar, analisis Cl dalam tanah, daun, dan akar. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian Cl menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapasawit pada Oxisols, namun meningkatkan pada Inceptisols, Ultisols, danGambut. Pemberian bahan jenis organik nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhankelapa sawit pada ke empat tanah. Pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkanbobot kering tanaman kelapa sawit pada Inceptisols, Oxisols, dan Gambut,namun meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman pada Ultisols. Pemberian haraCl meningkatkan bobot kering akar tanaman kelapa sawit pada ke empatjenis tanah, namun meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam akar kelapa sawit,sedangkan pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam daun,kecuali pada Oxisols. Pemberian bahan organik menurunkan kadar Cldalam daun pada Ultisols dan tanah Gambut.Kata kunci: bahan organik, Elaeis guineensis, jenis tanah, klorida,pertumbuhanABSTRACTOil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was growing rapidly in Indonesiaand fertilizers use increased. Initially KCl were calculated as K nutrient,but it is known that Cl is also an essential micronutrients. The researchaimed at studying the Cl and organic matter application on growth and Clcontent in plants and roots of oil palm. The study was conducted in thegreenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor, in 2011. Soil samples weretaken from Cinangneng, Bogor (Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols),Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols) and South Sumatra (Peat). AVROS varieties ofoil palm seedlings used 3 months being planted in polybags and harvestedafter 8 months. The experiment design used was split plot design, withfour soil types as main plot, and four sub plots e.i. (1) Control (-Cl), (2)KCl, (3) NPK, and (4) KCl + organic matter. Every treatment repeatedfour times. Parameters observed are plant height, stem diameter, plant androot dry weight and Cl analysis in soil, leaves, and roots. The resultshowed that Cl application decreasing oil palm growth in Oxisols. Organicmatter application siqnificant increase of oil palm growth on the fourthsoil. The application of Cl nutrient did not increase the dry weight of plantin Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Peat soil, but increased the dry weight of plantson Ultisols. The application of Cl did not increase root dry weight in thefour soils, but increased Cl content in the roots in the four soil. While theapplication of Cl did not increase of Cl content in leaves, except inOxisols. Organic matter application can reduce the content of Cl in theleaves on the Ultisols and Peat soil.Key words: organic matter, Elaeis guineensis, soil type, chloride, growth
PENGARUH TINGGI MUKA AIR SALURAN DRAINASE, PUPUK, DAN AMELIORAN TERHADAP EMISI CO 2 PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT AI DARIAH; JUBAEDAH JUBAEDAH; WAHYUNTO WAHYUNTO; JOKO PITONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.66-71

Abstract

ABSTRAKDrainase yang berlebihan dan penggunaan pupuk yang intensifdiduga menjadi penyebab tingginya emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) padaperkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmempelajari pengaruh tinggi muka air (TMA) saluran drainase, pupuk,serta amelioran terhadap emisi CO 2  dari perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahangambut. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari 2010 sampai denganDesember 2011, pada perkebunan sawit di lahan gambut, di KecamatanSiak Kecil, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau, menggunakan rancangan petakterpisah, tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah TMA saluran drainase (40, 60,dan 80 cm). Anak petak adalah pupuk dan amelioran: (1) dolomit 3kg/pohon/tahun; (2) Pugam 10 kg/pohon/tahun; (3) Pupuk dosisrekomendasi (2,5 kg urea+2,75 kg SP-36+2,25 kg KCl+dolomit 2kg)/pohon/tahun; (4) Pupuk 75% dosis rekomendasi pukan 20kg/pohon/tahun; (5) Pupuk 75% dosis rekomendasi Pugam 2,5 kg/pohon.Parameter yang diamati adalah fluks CO 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pada TMA drainase 80 cm, perlakuan dolomit menghasilkan fluksCO 2 nyata paling tinggi (142,1 t/ha/tahun) dan terendah (44,5 t/ha/tahun)dicapai perlakuan pugam. Fluks CO 2 yang tinggi (130,6 t/ha/tahun) jugadicapai perlakuan pupuk dosis rekomendasi, khususnya pada TMA 40 cm.Pada musim kemarau TMA drainase berpengaruh nyata terhadap fluksCO 2 , terendah dicapai TMA 40 cm. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalkanemisi gas CO 2 , maka TMA drainase perlu dipertahankan sedangkalmungkin (sekitar 40 cm) selama tidak menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit.Amelioran dengan bahan aktif kation polyvalen berpotensi dapat menekanemisi GRK dari lahan gambut yang dikelola secara intensif.Kata kunci: amelioran, emisi, drainase, gambut, kelapa sawit, pupukABSTRACTExcessive drainage and intensive use of fertilizers thought to bethe cause of high greenhouse gas emissions in peatland under oil palmplantations. The study aimed at measuring the influence of water leveldrainage (WLD), fertilizer, and ameliorant on CO 2 emissions from oilpalm plantations on peatland. The study was conducted from January2010 to December 2011, at oil palm plantation on peatland, located in SiakKecil District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau, using split plot design, with threereplications. The main plot were WLD (40, 60, and 80 cm), as sub plotswere fertilizer and amelioran: (1) dolomite 3 kg/tree/year; (2) peatfertilizer 10 kg/tree/year; (3) dose of fertilizer recommendations (2,5 kgurea+2,75 kg SP-36+2,25 kg KCl+dolomite 2 kg)/tree/year; (4) 75% doseof fertilizer recommendations + manure 20 kg/tree/year; (5) 75% dose offertilizer recommendations + peat fertilizer 2.5 kg/tree/year. Parameterobserved was CO 2 flux. The result showed that at WLD 80 cm, dolomitetreatment resulted the highest (142,1 t/ha/year) and the lowest CO 2  flux(44,5 t/ha/year) resulted by peat fertilizer. The highest CO 2 flux alsoreached by fertilizer recommendations treatment, particularly on WLD 40cm. In dry season WLD significantly effect on CO 2 flux. The lowestreached by WLD 40 cm. Based on that the WLD needs to be maintainedin a state of shallow (approximately 40 cm), without lowering production.The use of fertilizer containing ameliorant with the polyvalen cation asactive material, potentially suppress the rate of greenhouse gas emissionsfrom peatlands are managed intensively.Key words: ameliorant, emission, drainage, peatland, oil palm, , fertilizer
PENINGKATAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK PURWOCENG MELALUI IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO IKA ROOSTIKA; IRENG DARWATI; YUDIWANTI YUDIWANTI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.88-98

Abstract

ABSTRAKPeningkatkan keragaman genetik purwoceng memerlukan aplikasiteknologi alternatif yang mampu membentuk keragaman baru. Tujuanpenelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik dan toleransipurwoceng terhadap cekaman suhu tinggi melalui iradiasi dan seleksi invitro. Tahapan penelitian meliputi induksi mutasi kalus embriogenikdengan sinar gamma, seleksi in vitro dengan cekaman suhu tinggi, induksiperakaran  somaklon  putatif,  analisis  keragaman  genetik  secaraflowcytometry, dan aklimatisasi somaklon putatif. Iradiasi dilakukan padadosis 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 Krad sedangkan seleksi in vitro dilakukan padatiga level suhu (20, 25, dan 30 0 C). Induksi perakaran dilakukan dalam duatahap, dengan menggunakan media DKW atau MS yang mengandungsukrosa 3-6% dengan penambahan IBA atau NAA taraf 0,5-1,5 ppm. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalus purwoceng mampu bertahan hiduppada dosis iradiasi tertinggi (5 Krad). Meningkatnya dosis iradiasicenderung meningkatkan pendewasaan embrio somatik. Pada tahap seleksiin vitro, kalus purwoceng mampu tumbuh pada kondisi suhu tertinggi(30 0 C). Tingkat proliferasi kalus yang tinggi dan jumlah embrio somatikterbanyak diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu 25 0 C. Embrio somatik yangterbentuk dari perlakuan suhu tinggi tersebut merupakan kandidatsomaklon yang toleran suhu tinggi pada lingkungan dataran rendah.Diantara embrio somatik yang terbentuk, hanya embrio yang berasal dariperlakuan suhu 20 0 C saja yang berhasil membentuk planlet. Media yangterbaik untuk induksi perakaran adalah media MS yang mengandungsukrosa 4% dengan penambahan NAA 1,5 ppm. Analisis ploidi pada daunembrio somatik menunjukkan terbentuknya varian yang bersifat tetraploid(4x).Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, iradiasi sinar gamma, seleksi in vitro,keragaman genetik, suhu tinggiABSTRACTTo improve new pruatjan genetic variations, the alternativetechnology should be applied. The objective of the research was to increasepruatjan genetic variation and tolerance to the high temperature throughinduced mutation and in vitro selection. The steps of this study were inducedmutation of embryogenic callus by gamma irradiation, in vitro selection, rootinduction of putative somaclones, genetic variation analysis by flowcytometer,and putative somaclones acclimatization. The dosages of gamma irradiationwere 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Krad. In vitro selection was conducted at threetemperatures (20, 25, and 30 0 C). The root induction was conducted in twosteps by using DKW or MS media containing of 3-6% sucrose withaddition of 0.5-1.5 ppm IBA or NAA. The result showed that embryogeniccalli could survive after treatment of the highest gamma irradiation dose. Ittends to increase the maturation of somatic embryos. During in vitroselection, embryogenic calli could grow at the highest temperature but thehighest callus proliferation and the number of somatic embryos wereobtained from 25 0 C. The somatic embryos survived and grew at the hightemperature are assumed as somaclones which considered as thecandidates of tolerant plants to high temperature that can be developed inthe of low altitude area. Among the regenerated somatic embryos, only the20 0 C-derived embryos were successfully form plantlets. The best mediumfor root induction was MS basal medium containing of 4% sucrosesupplemented with 1.5 ppm NAA. The ploidy analysis of somatic embryosleaf showed a tetraploid (4x) variant.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, gamma irradiation, in vitro selection,genetic variation, high temperature
RATIO OPTIMUM GALUR MANDUL JANTAN (A line) DAN GALUR PEMULIH KESUBURAN (R line) PADA PRODUKSI BENIH HIBRIDA KAPAS SUMARTINI, SIWI; ABDURRAKHMAN, ABDURRAKHMAN; MACHFUD, M.; SULISTYOWATI, E.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.51-57

Abstract

ABSTRAKTeknologi kapas hibrida merupakan salah satu upaya untukmeningkatkan produksi kapas nasional. Sampai saat ini belum tersediavarietas kapas hibrida nasional untuk program pengembangan kapasnasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ratio galur (A line) manduljantan dan galur pemulih kesuburan (R line) yang optimum untukmenghasilkan benih hibrida kapas paling tinggi dengan cara persilanganalami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian-Lumajang,Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2011. Percobaan ini terdiridari satu pembanding T1 dengan penyerbukan manual dan 5 perbandinganratio (A line : R line) yang berbeda, yaitu T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2), T5(6:2), dan T6 (7:2) dengan penyerbukan alami. Perlakuan disusun dalamRancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali dengan luas petakmasing-masing perlakuan 25 m x 5 m. Benih kapas ditanam dengan jarak125 cm x 25 cm. Pupuk yang diberikan sebanyak 300 kg pupuk majemuk(15 N:15 P 2 O 5 :15 K 2 O) dan 100 kg pupuk Urea/ha. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyerbukan manual (T1) menghasilkankapas berbiji sebanyak 1023 kg/ha, nyata paling tinggi dibandingkanperlakuan dengan penyerbukan alami. Terdapat korelasi positif yangsangat nyata antara hasil kapas berbiji dengan jumlah populasi (r =0.75967). Hasil kapas berbiji tidak berbeda pada perlakuan T2 sampai T6yang bervariasi antara 377- 452 kg kapas berbiji/ha, dengan efisiensipenyerbukan alami sebesar 37–45%. Untuk produksi benih hibrida denganpersilangan alami dapat digunakan ratio 7 baris tetua betina dan 2 baristetua jantan (perlakuan T6). Harga benih hibrida kapas yang dihasilkandengan cara penyerbukan alami sebesar Rp. 98.571,-/kg sedangkan dengancara penyerbukan manual sebesar Rp. 101.826,-/kg.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, mandul jantan, pemulih kesuburan,penyerbukan manual, penyerbukan alamiABSTRACTHybrid cotton technology is an attempt to increase the nationalcotton production. Hybrid cotton varieties is not yet available for thenational cotton development program. This study was aimed atdetermining optimum ratio of male sterile lines (A line) and restorers (Rline) lines for producing high hybrid cotton seed yield. The experimentwas conducted in the Experimental Garden Pasirian-Lumajang, East Javafrom January to December 2011. This experiment consisted of T1 withmanual pollination (control), and 5 different ratios (A line : R line) withnatural pollination namely T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2 ), T5 (6:2) and T6(7:2). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with3 replications, plot size was 25 m x 5 m of each. Seeds were sown witha distance of 125 cm x 25 cm. Fertilizers given were 300 kg of compoundfertilizer (15 N: 15 P 2 O 5 : 15 K 2 O) and 100 kg Urea /ha. From this researchit was found out that the T1 treatment by manual pollination produced asmuch 1023 kg seed cotton yield / ha, was the highest compared to naturalpollination treatments. There was high correlation between seed cottonyield and plant population (r = 0.75967). Seed cotton yield of T2 to T6treatments was not significantly different, which varies between 377-452kg/ha, with natural pollination efficiency of 37-45%. Therefore, for cottonhybrid seed production based male sterility by natural crossing, 7 rows offemale lines and 2 rows of male lines ratio (treatment T6) can be used.Price of cotton hybrid seed by natural pollination as much as Rp. 98,571, -/kg while by manual pollination as much as Rp. 101, 826, - /kg.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, male sterile, restorer, manual pollination,natural pollination

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