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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015" : 6 Documents clear
SKRINING KETAHANAN SOMAKLON NILAM TERHADAPP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) S. Y. HARTATI; E. HADIPOENTYANTI; AMALIA AMALIA; NURSALAM NURSALAM
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.138 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.131-138

Abstract

ABSTRAKLayu   bakteri  yang   disebabkan   oleh   Ralstonia   solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman nilam. Perakitan varietas nilam tahan terhadap penyakit tersebut yang dilakukan melalui induksi keragaman somaklonal telah menghasilkan beberapa somaklon yang tahan terhadap R. solanacearum secara in-vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan somaklon tersebut terhadap penyakit layu  pada  kondisi  rumah  kaca (in-vivo).  Penelitian  disusun  dalam Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap  dengan 27  perlakuan, 3  ulangan,  dan 10 tanaman/ulangan. Sebagian akar dari somaklon nilam dilukai (dipotong), selanjutnya diinokulasi (disiram) dengan suspensi R. solanacearum dengan berbagai konsentrasi 105, 107, dan 109 cfu/ml, sebanyak 50 ml/tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 105 cfu/ml, 50  ml/tanaman  semuanya  tidak  menunjukkan gejala layu. Somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 107 dan 109cfu/ml,  50 ml/tanaman, sebagian layu dan mati.  Dari somaklon yang7diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 10     cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 8 di antaranyamenunjukkan respon sangat tahan, 4 tahan, dan 5 agak tahan. Ke 17 somaklon tersebut mempunyai intensitas penyakit <50% dan semua lebih tahan dari pada varietas Sidikalang (agak toleran). Dari 17 somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 2 di antaranya sangat tahan dan 7 somaklon tahan. Teknik skrining ini dapat digunakan sebagai  metode  standar  untuk pengujian  ketahanan  nilam  terhadap penyakit layu.Kata kunci:  Skrining  ketahanan,  somaklon,  nilam,  penyakit  layu,  R. solanacearum. ABSTRACTResistance-Screening of Patchouli Somaclones on Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important  diseases  on patchouli.  The  developing patchouli resistance varieties against  wilt  disease  conducted  through the  induction  of somaclonal variation produced resistant patchouli somaclones against R. solanacearum (in-vitro). The aim of this  research was to screen the resistance of those patchouli somaclones against wilt disease under a glass house condition (in-vivo). The research was conducted in a Randomized Completely Design  with 27 treatments, 3  replicates,  and 10  plants/ replicate. Some roots of the patchouli somaclones were wounded (cut), then inoculated (drenched)   with   R.   solanacearum  suspension   in concentration of 105, 107, and 109 cfu/ml; 50 ml/plant. The result showed, that all the patchouli somaclones inoculated with R. solanacearum 105 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were not show any wilt sympthom. Whereas, some somaclones inoculated with the higher concentration 107 and 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were wilted and died. Among the somaclones inoculated with  the concentration of 107  cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 8 of them were highly  resistant, 4 were resistant, and 5 were moderately resistant. The disease  intencity of those 17 somaclones were <50% and they were more resistant than  the  Sidikalang  variety  (moderately  tolerant).  Among  those  17 somaclones inoculated with the concentration of 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 2 of them were highly resistant and 7 were resistant. This screening method could be used as a standard protocol for patchouli resistance screening against wilt disease.Kata kunci: Screening resistance, somaclone, patchouli, wilt disease, R. solanacearum.
WATER TRANSPORT AND GROWTH OF CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale L.) UNDER SOIL MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE JOKO PITONO; TSUDA MAKOTO; YOSHIHIKO HIRAI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.117-124

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe ability to adapt to soil mechanical impedance was considered to support cashew growing in drought prone areas, since those areas are sometimes aggravated by problem on soil mechanical impedance. The response of water transport and growth under soil mechanical impedance was  evaluated  at  two  productive  cashew  accessions.  Two  cashew accessions, A3-1, that adapt well to drought stress, and a local accession Pangkep, and four levels of soil bulk densities of 0.75 g cm-3, 0.90 g cm-3, 1.00 g cm-3 and 1.24 g cm-3 under sufficient soil moisture conditions, were arranged   in   factorially completely   randomized   design   with   five replications. The response of shoot and root growth, transpiration and hydraulic  conductance  were  evaluated.  The  results  showed  that  the accession of A3-1 indicated a better to maintain root growth under soil mechanical impedance that produced thick root/total root length ratio and xylem area/transvesal root area ratio more than Pangkep. On the other hand, A3-1 was faster in reducing leaf area than Pangkep when subjected to increased level of soil bulk density treatments. Although the hydraulic conductance was not varied among the cashew accessions and had not a specific response trend to soil bulk density treatments, however, the increase of diurnal transpiration induced by increased level of soil bulk density treatment in A3-1 was higher than it in Pangkep. It is suggested that the ability to regulate the root and shoot growth and water transport under soil mechanical impedance condition was better in A3-1 than in Pangkep. Moreover, it might be a part attribute of drought tolerance on A3-1 accession.Keywords: cashew, soil mechanical impedance, growth, water transport ABSTRAKTransportasi Air dan Pertumbuhan Jambu Mente (Anacardium occidentale L.) pada Berbagai Hambatan Mekanik TanahKemampuan  adaptasi  terhadap  hambatan  mekanik  tanah  diper- kirakan  membantu  pengembangan  jambu  mente  di  wilayah  berlahan kering, mengingat kondisi wilayah tersebut sering diperparah oleh masalah hambatan mekanik tanah. Respon transportasi air tanaman dan pertum- buhan terhadap hambatan mekanik tanah dievaluasi pada dua aksesi jambu mente.  Dua  aksesi  jambu  mete,  A3-1  yang  adaptif  terhadap  stres kekeringan dan aksesi lokal, Pangkep, serta 4 level padatan tanah 0.75 g.cm-3, 0.90 g.cm-3, 1.00 g.cm-3, dan 1.24 g.cm-3  dengan kondisi lengas tanah dijaga selalu cukup, disusun dalam rancangan faktorial acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Respon pertumbuhan akar dan tajuk, transpirasi, dan daya hantar air tanaman dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A3-1 lebih mampu menjaga pertumbuhan akar pada kondisi hambatan mekanik tanah dengan nilai rasio panjang akar tebal/panjang total akar dan rasio luas xylem/luas melintang akar lebih lebih besar daripada Pangkep. Pada sisi lain, A3-1 mengurangi luas daun lebih cepat dibanding Pangkep saat diberikan kenaikan perlakuan berat isi tanah. Meskipun tidak ada perbedaan daya hantar air tanaman di antara kedua aksesi dan tidak adanya pola respon spesifik terhadap perlakuan  padatan tanah, namun terjadi kenaikan transpirasi harian lebih besar pada A3-1 daripada Pangkep. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa kemampuan A3-1 mengatur pertumbuhan dan transportasi  air  saat  mengalami  hambatan  mekanik  tanah  lebih  baik daripada Pangkep. Hal ini mungkin merupakan bagian dari sifat toleransi terhadap kekeringan pada aksesi A3-1.Kata kunci:  jambu mente, hambatan mekanik tanah, pertumbuhan, transportasi air
PENGARUH KOLKHISIN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN LADA P p er nigrum L.) MUTAN DAN ANALISIS PLOIDI NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.125-130

Abstract

ABSTRAKKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada (Piper nigrum) di Indonesia rendah  sehingga  perlu  dilakukan  peningkatan  keragaman.  Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balittro Bogor mulai Januari 2012 sampai Juni 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik lada varietas Petaling 1 menggunakan mutagen kimia kolkhisin. Biji lada direndam dalam larutan kolkhisin konsentrasi 0; 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05% selama 4 jam dan disemai pada bak pasir. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali  dan  setiap ulangan  terdiri atas 300 biji.  Pengamatan dilakukan  terhadap  persentase  perkecambahan  dan  fenotipe  tanaman, persentase tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur dua bulan. Selanjutnya, sebanyak 20 individu dari total benih yang tumbuh dipilih berdasarkan rata rata penggabungan dari tanaman terpendek dan tertinggi. Individu terpilih diamati tinggi tanaman serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur empat bulan. Untuk melihat ragam genetik dilakukan analisis kandungan DNA dengan flowcytometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkhisin 0,01 dan 0,05% menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan benih di persemaian lebih tinggi. Pada lada mutan  vegetatif generasi  ke-0,  perubahan  morfologi  terindikasi  pada konsentrasi 0,03%.  Pada  generasi  mutan hasil  perbanyakan/turunan vegetatif pertama  perubahan  morfologi  pada  tanaman terjadi  pada perlakuan 0,05%. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat ploidi lada pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol.Kata kunci:  Piper nigrum L., ragam genetik, mutan, kolkhisin, fenotip ABSTRACTEffect of Colchicine on the Phenothypic Performance of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Mutant and Ploidy analysisGenetic variability of pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia was low, so it was needed to increase its variability. Research was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from January 2012 to June 2013. The aim of the research was to increase the genetic variability of pepper (Petaling 1) using chemical mutagen colchicine. Seeds of pepper were soaked in colchicine solution with several concentration (0; 0,01; 0,03; and 0,05%) for four hours, and then germinated on sand media. Every treatment consisted of 300 seeds and replicated three times. The parameter observed were germination percentage, plant phenotype, growth percentage, plant hight, number of node and leaves two months after planting. Further, from total seedling growth, 20 individual were selected based on average combined from highest and shortest plant. The selected individual observed their plant height, number of node and leaves on four months. Flowcytometri analysis from  the  selected  seedling  was  conducted to  find  interplant  genetic variabilities. The result showed that application of colchicin 0,01 and 0,05% performed the fast germination on the nursery compared with control, but no significant differencet on the growth parameters. In the mutant generation 0, the changes on morphology showed on 0,03% and at the first vegetative generation, the changes were indicated in plants from  0,05%  of  colchicine  treatment.  Flowcytometri  analysis  showed  no  significant differences on ploidi level of all treatments including control.Keywords:   Piper   nigrum,   genetic   variability,   mutant,  cholchicin, phenotype
PENGARUH JUMLAH RUAS DAN PANJANG BATANG TERHADAP VIABILITASB ENIH SERAI W ANGI (Cy mpobogon nardus L.) SUKARMAN, SUKARMAN; SESWITA, D.; MELATI, MELATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.139-144

Abstract

ABSTRAKPengembangan   serai   wangi  memerlukan   ketersediaan   benih bermutu. Sampai saat ini, informasi standar mutu benih serai wangi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas benih serai wangi dengan jumlah ruas dan panjang batang yang berbeda sebagai dasar penyusunan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dari Mei sampai Juni 2013 dengan menggunakan benih serai wangi klon G 2. Percobaan disusun secara faktorial dengan tiga faktor dan diulang empat kali dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama adalah jumlah ruas stolon: (1) satu dan (2) dua. Faktor kedua adalah ukuran panjang batang semu: (1)15, (2) 20, dan (3) 25 cm. Faktor ketiga adalah periode penyimpanan: (1) 0, (2) 3, (3) 6, (4) 9, dan (5) 12 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, daya tumbuh, serta bobot basah dan kering.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan viabilitas  benih  serai  wangi dipengaruhi oleh jumlah ruas stolon dan panjang batang. Benih dengan dua ruas dan panjang batang 25 cm mempunyai viabilitas lebih baik dibandingkan satu ruas dan panjang 15 cm. Sampai 12 hari penyimpanan di suhu kamar, benih masih segar dengan daya tumbuh 83,75%.Kata kunci:  Cymbopogon  nardus  L.,  jumlah  ruas,  panjang  batang, penyimpanan, viabilitas ABSTRACTEffect of Internodes Number and Stems Length on Viability of Citronella Seeds (Cympobogon nardus L.) Development of citronella required the availability of good quality seed. Presently, standard information of citronella seed quality is not available. The research aims to study the viability of citronella seeds from different internodes number and stem length as the basic for preparing Indonesian National Standards. The experiment was conducted in the green house  of  the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), from May until June 2013, by using citronella clones G 2. Factorial experiment with three factors and four replications was arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was  internodes numbers: (1) one and (2) two. The second factor was stem length: (1) 15, (2) 20, and (3) 25 cm. The third factor was storage periods: (1) 0, (2) 3, (3) 6, (4) 9, and (5) 12 days. Parameters observed included seeds moisture content, seeds germination, fresh, and dry weight. The results of experiment indicated that viability of citronella seeds was affected by stolon internodes number and stem length. Seeds with two internodes and stem length 25 cm has better viability than with one of internode and 15 cm   of stem   length.   Up to 12 days storage at room temperature, the seeds were still fresh with the germination 83.75%.Keywords:  Cymbopogon nardus  L.,  internodes number,  stem length, storage, viability
UJI ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL TEBU PADA KONDISI AGROEKOLOGI LAHAN KERING / Adaptation Test of Superior Varieties Sugarcane in Dryland Agroecological Conditions BUDI SANTOSO; MASTUR MASTUR; DJUMALI DJUMALI; SUMINAR DIYAH NUGRAHENI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.109-116

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemilihan  varietas unggul  baru  yang  beradaptasi  pada  kondisi agroekologi kering merupakan langkah yang bijak dalam mendukung program pengembangan tebu. Karena kebutuhan air tanaman tebu di lahan kering  hanya  dipenuhi  dari  hujan, diperlukan  strategi  untuk  tetap mengoptimalkan produksi dengan mengeliminasi cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai dengan November 2012 untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap adaptasi enam varietas unggul tebu yang toleran terhadap lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ngemplak, Pati. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang sebanyak lima kali. Juringan (sistem tanam tebu dalam baris) yang digunakan berukuran panjang 8 m dan lebar 10 m, serta jarak pusat ke pusat (pkp) 1 m. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase tumbuh,  tinggi  tanaman,  panjang  batang,  jumlah  dan  panjang  ruas, diameter batang, bobot batang per meter, persen brix nira, dan rendemen. Hasil   penelitian   menunjukkan  bahwa  varietas  Kentung   dan   BL menghasilkan bobot tebu (721,75 g/m dan 749,25 g/m) dengan rendemen masing-masing sebesar 8,54% dan 8,25%. Kedua varietas ini cocok untuk dikembangkan pada kondisi agroekologi lahan kering.Kata kunci: Saccharum officinarum, uji adaptasi, lahan kering, varietas unggul  ABSTRACTSelection of new superior varieties adapted to dry agroecology was a wise move to support the development of sugarcane. In general, the land thus fulfilled its water from the rain. Therefore we need a strategy for optimizing the production of sugarcane by eliminating barriers. In fiscal year 2012 research activities was  carried out to test six varieties of sugarcane for sugar cane clones tolerant of dry land. Research activities were located at Ngemplak, Pati. The design used is split plot design repeated 5 times. Plot size, are 8 m long, 10 m wide and center to center distance 1 m. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD 5%. The parameters observed were growth percentage, plant height, stem lenght, number of segments, segment length, stem diameter, weight stem per meter, percent brix of sap, and yield of sugarcane per meter. The results are superior sugarcane varieties, BL and Kentung varieties produce cane weight 721.75 g / m and 749.25 g / m showed  that  respectively;  and  yield     8.54%  and 8.25% the highest respectively. Both varieties  are s uitable to be developed in dry land agroecological condition.Keywords:  Saccharum officinarum, adaptation test, dry land, superior varieties
KERAGAMAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGIS DAN A G RONOMISP LA SMA NUTFAH KLON HARAPAN KAKAO LOKAL SULAWESI SELATAN SAHARDI SAHARDI; FADJRY DJUFRY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.145-152

Abstract

ABSTRAKKakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang   memegang   peranan   penting   dalam   perekonomian   Indonesia. Sulawesi Selatan merupakan daerah sentra produksi kakao dan telah berkembang berbagai varian klon kakao lokal.  Sulawesi Selatan memiliki potensi menghasilkan klon-klon kakao unggul, yang berpotensi daya hasil tinggi, memiliki ketahanan/toleransi terhadap hama penggerek buah kakao, penyakit busuk buah dan vascular streak dieback. Klon kakao lokal yang telah dikembangkan oleh petani belum pernah dilakukan karakterisasi baik morfologi maupun genetik.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi karakter morfologi dan agronomi klon lokal harapan yang tersebar pada petani di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari – Desember 2013 di Kabupaten Luwu dan Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Untuk mendapatkan klon-klon harapan kakao lokal, dilakukan observasi langsung   pada   sentra   produksi   kakao.   Sumber   informasi adalah Pemerintah daerah (dinas terkait), penyuluh pertanian, tokoh masyarakat dan petani.    Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi utama klon  harapan  kakao  lokal  yang  didapat  saat  pelaksanaan  observasi. Analisis kemiripan karakter morfologi antar klon dan pengelompokan serta dendogram dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh sejumlah 30 klon harapan kakao lokal.  Hasil analisis karakter morfologi terhadap 30 aksesi klon unggul harapan kakao lokal di Sulawesi Selatan, menunjukkan keragaman yang sempit.  Hal ini mengisyaratkan bahwa perlu upaya lain untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik.Kata kunci:  Theobroma  cacao  L.,  keragaman,  morfologi,  agronomi, plasma nutfah ABSTRACTMorphological and Agronomics Diversity of Cocoa Characteristics    Local Promising Clones Germplasm in South Sulawesi Cocoa (Theobroma cacao  L.) is one of  important estate crops commodities which plays a role on Indonesian economy. South Sulawesi has a potency to generate superior clones of cocoa. A number of local cocoa clones   from   South   Sulawesi   has   been   recommended   in rehabilitation and rejuvenation in  the implementation of cocoa “Gernas” (National Cocoa Planting Action). Sulawesi   Cocoa local clones have a potency of high yield, resistance to pest or main  diseases such as cocoa pod borer, black pod disease and vascular streak dieback which were still widespread among cocoa plantation. Although variation accured in cocoa local clones, but there had been no study on both  morphological and genetic. The objective of the research was to observe morphological  and agronomis characters of local cocoa  promising clones that has been planted by the farmers in South Sulawesi. This research  was conducted from  February - Desember 2013 in Luwu District and North Luwu, in South Sulawesi. To find local cacao clones  used direct observation in cocoa production centers. The information sources obtained from local government (relevant agencies). Agricultural extension, prominent societyleader and the farmers. The Observation was conducted on morphologicalcharacters,  and  the  results  were  analysed  on  characters  resemblancebetween clones. Statistic anlyses for the Grouping and dendogram wasgene rated  by SPSS vertion 21.0. In South Sulawesi. The result from theanalyses of morphological characters   indicated  low genetic variability in 30 accessions of local cocoa clones in South Sulawesi. To such  low ingenetic diversity, Indicated  the need of another effort to broadan  geneticvariabilityKeywords:   Theobroma   cacao  L.,   genetic   variability,   morphology, agronomy, germplasm

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