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Perspektif, Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 14128004     EISSN : 25408240     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Majalah Perspektif Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri memuat makalah tinjauan (review) fokus pada Penelitian dan kebijakan dengan ruang lingkup (scope) komoditas Tanaman Industri/perkebunan, antara lain : nilam, kelapa sawit, kakao, tembakau, kopi, karet, kapas, cengkeh, lada, tanaman obat, rempah, kelapa, palma, sagu, pinang, temu-temuan, aren, jarak pagar, jarak kepyar, dan tebu.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016" : 6 Documents clear
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN BIOINSEKTISIDA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (NPV) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN / Prospect of Development of Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) Bioinsecticide Against Samsudin, Samsudin
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (607.476 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.18-30

Abstract

Chemical insecticides for estate crop pests control are ineffective, impractical, expensive, and causing environmental pollutions. The entomopathogenic virus (EPV) mainly the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) can be developed as an effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly biopesticide. NPV can be survived in the field in the form of polyhedra and spread naturally through the vertical and horizontal transmission process. The infected larvae usually hang by pseudolegs to the leaves or entrees. Research to increase virulence, host spectrum and its persistence has been done to overcome some weaknesses of NPV if developed as biopesticide. Some NPV isolates that infect the estate crop pests and potential to be developed in Indonesia, among others: Spodoptera litura NPV (SlNPV), S. exigua NPV (SeNPV), Helicoverpa armigera NPV (HaNPV), Sethotosea asigna NPV (SaNPV), Hyposidra talaca NPV (HtNPV) and Maenas maculifascia NPV (MmNPV). Based on several advantages of NPV compared with the chemical insecticides, the development of NPV biopesticide for controlling estate crop pests in Indonesia has very good prospects.
ABAKA (Musa textilis Nee) SEBAGAI SUMBER SERAT ALAM, PENGHASIL BAHAN BAKU PULP / Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) As Thesourceof Naturalfiber, Producingraw Materialfor Budi Santoso; Mastur Mastur; Fitriningdyah Tri Kadarwati
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (738.38 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.01-10

Abstract

Abaca-producing natural fiber as raw material for pulp paper money. Natural fibers derived from abaca, have environmentally friendly nature and local wisdom, highly favored by consumers manufacturer. Nowadays the need for abaca fiber in the country is still imported. Pulp and paper are derived from abaca has advantages including a tear-resistant, when it becomes difficult falsified paper or paper produced is used for Paper that is difficult to imitate, stamp paper dukomen (seals, certificates, diplomas and other important papers). Bank Indonesia (BI) in 2014 is more serious to use raw materials of cotton fiber and abaca fiber in the country. This is in accordance with the Currency Act N0. 7 Year 2011 on article 9 (2) in order to give priority to domestic raw materials (local) to maintain the quality, safety and competitive prices in the printing Rupiah. The first harvest abaca at age 18-20 months after planting. At that time there has been no income for farmers, their inter-cropping between chili + abaca provide a source of income, because chili is a seasonal crop that yields chilli can assist in meeting the needs of farmers in financial trouble. Besides, there is no plant stand (Jabon, or sengon). The pattern of intercropping abaca + small chilli may generate profits of Rp. 21.333 million, - thus the development of abaca has good prospects. The purpose of the writing of this review is to provide support for the existence of abaca development innovation as a source of natural fiber which contribute in providing raw materials of paper money dicanakan by Bank Indonesia and to create employment in rural areas, and provide a source of income of farmers.
STRATEGI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN MENGHADAPI DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN LADA DUNIA / Research and Development Strategy to Face World Dynamics of Development of Pepper Rosihan Rosman
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (408.428 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.11-17

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the world’s main - pepper producers. Now days, Indonesian pepper experienced a fairly strong competition from other countries. Problem arising to day is low productivity and quality. Productivity of Indonesia pepper below 1000 kg/ha, whereas other countries have more than 2000 kg/ha. Low quality due to processing methods are still tradisional. Low productivity because many older plants, damaged, pests, and diseases, and lack of maintenance. To face the dynamic development of the world pepper, needed efforts to increase production, productivity and quality, so that Indonesia can improve the competitiveness in the international market. Increasing of production and quality can do the improvement of cultivation technology and post harvest. As for the necessary policy are (1) establish of research and development programs of a more site-specific and based on agro-ecological conditions, especially physical, chemical and biological characterization of soil and climate of development region, and (2) socialization result of the research and inform pepper dynamic development in the field.
STRATEGI STABILISASI KINERJA PASAR CENGKEH NASIONAL / Stabilitation Strategy of National Clove Market Performance Agus Wahyudi
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (680.979 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.73-85

Abstract

Clove (Syzigium aromaticum L. Marr. and Perr.) is one of the main raw materials in the kretek cigarette industry. The development of the clove market performance experienced ups and downs in the last four decades. The demand for clove almost consistently grew, while the production fluctuate in the short term and tends to increased in the last ten years. This review is aimed to analyze the market performance stabilization strategy through the development of national program and supply management policies. The analytical framework used in developing the strategy are (1) the analysis of the situation, (2) analysis of strategies for achieving the desired situation, and (3) analysis of the policies needed to accelerate the realization of the situation. Clove market situation that occurs at this time shows nearly balanced, in which the demand for cigarette industry can almost be met from national production in the long term. Therefore, the strategies are to encourage national production by pushing plant productivity through intensification and rehabilitation of existing plants. Area extention will naturally happen if the situation of balance between demand and supply maintainedin the long term. Price fluctuations that occur because of their short-term fluctuations in the production of each year handled through supply chain management. Therefore technical policy, institutional and financial required to facilitate the access of farmers to acquire bank financing such schemes to harvest and post-harvest financing and implementation of warehouse receipt system to provide alternatives to farmers when the price fall.
PROSFEK PENGEMBANGAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT SEBAGAI AGENS HAYATI PENGENDALIAN NEMATODA / The Prospect of Developing Endophytic Bacteria as Nematodes Biological Control Rita Harni
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.31-49

Abstract

Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the most important plant pests that attack a variety of estate crops like pepper, patchouli, coffee, tobacco and ginger. Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and Radopholus the most destructive parasitic nematodes in these commodities. Yield Losses due to nematodes on black pepper can reduce the production of 32%, 75% in patchouli, 58% ginger and 57% at the coffee. Controlling nematodes are widely used at this time are endophytic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria are live bacteria that colonize the host plant tissues without causing any negative effects, but giving many benefits to their host, because it can be as biological agents, and trigger the growth of plants. Mechanism of action endophytic bacteria in controlling nematodes are induce resistance, competition nische, and produce anti-nematode metabolites, that affect on the penetration, reproduction and nematode populations. The use of endophytic bacteria Achromobacter xylosoxidans (TT2), Bacillus cereus (MSK), Alcaligenes faecalis (NJ16), Bacillus subtilis (NJ57) and Pseudomonas putida (EH11) on patchouli can suppress nematode populations of P. brachyurus at 54.8 to 70.6 %. Endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. can reduce the incidence of yellow disease and nematode populations of R. similis and M. incognita, as well as increase the number of flowers/ node and the wet weight of the black pepper, and endophytic bacteria Bacillus pumilus and B. mycoides can suppress the population and the number of root knot nematode M. incognita 33 - 39% of the coffee plant. Development of endophytic bacteria to control parasitic nematodes in estate crop is very promising because of endophytic bacteria as a biological control agent is superior to another agent, can be isolated from all parts of the plant, propagation media inexpensive, easy application and not repetitive. Endophytic bacteria may be of biological agents and plant growth promoters, its use can reduce synthetic pesticides and synthetic fertilizers so very supportive to sustainable agriculture.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI GENOMIKA DAN TRANSFORMASI GENETIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA SAWIT / The Use of Genomic and Genetic Transformation Technologies for Oil Palm Productivity Improvement I Made Tasma
Perspektif Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v15n1.2016.50-72

Abstract

 One of the main constrains oil palm cultivation in Indonesia is the low productivity with national yield average of 4 ton oil/ha/year much lower than the yield potential of up to 18.5 ton oil/ha/year. Conventional breeding method is a slow process and time consuming. It takes 10-12 years just to complete a breeding cycle. Applying genomic together with DNA tansformation methods should expedite oil palm breeding program. The objective of this manuscript was to review the application of genomic and DNA transformation technologies to improve oil palm productivity and its potential use for yield improvement program in Indonesia. Genomic technology has resulted reference genome sequence map of two oil palm species (E. guineensis and E. oleifera) that resulted the isolation of Sh gene controlling oil yield heterosis, discovery of mantled fruit mechanism, and as a foundation for superior gene and tait-associated marker discoveries to accelerate oil palm breeding program. The use of Sh gene markers together with mantled fruit detection kit at early stages of plant development accelerates oil palm breeding cycle and facilitates mantled seedling detection to guarantee productivity improvement. Multiplication of superior individual plants using in vitro culture should guaranty plantation high productivity in the field. Genetic engineering technique is potentially applied to improve palm oil quality and nutrition content as well as developing products useful for producing bioplastics. Resequencing studies of three Indonesian oil palm genotypes resulted millions of genomic variations (SNPs and Indels) important for high valued breeding resources to accelerate national oil palm breeding programs. Genomic as well as DNA transformation technologies are potentially applied in Indonesia to support national oil palm productivity and oil quality improvement programs. 

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