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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Published by Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya lahan Pertanian
ISSN : 14107244     EISSN : 27227723     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.19-29
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No 18 (2000): Desember 2000" : 8 Documents clear
THE EFFECT OF SILVY PASTURAL SYSTEMS ON CARRYING CAPACITY AND SOIL PROPERTY OF GRASS LAND SUKRISTIYONUBOWO, .; WIGENA, I GEDE PUTU; TUHERKIH, E.; MARYAM, .; SANTOSO, D.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

This experiment was the last activity of soil-crop management experiment to improve quantity and quality of fodder of grass land. This experiment has been carried out since 1994/1995 cropping season in Selengen Village, Lombok 8arat District, West Nusa Tenggara. In 1998/1999 the observation was focused on carrying capacity and soil properties. Feeding through grazing and cut and carry was applied to measure the carrying capacity. The experiment used randomized complete block design and the treatments  were arranged to split split plot design replicated four times. The main-plot treatments were (1) with wind breaker and (2) without wind breaker. The sub-plot treatments were four combinations of native grass land, introduced grass, and introduced legume: (A) native grass land, (B) native grass land + Paspalum sp.,(C) native grass land + Arachis gambrara, and (D) native grass land + Paspalum sp. + Arachis gambrara. The sub-sub-plot treatments were (a) grazing and (b) cut and carry. Furthermore the combination between treatments with wind breaker (1) and native grass land +Paspalum sp. +Arachis gambrata (D) was called silvy-pasture system, while the combination between treatments without wind breaker (2) and native grass land (A) was named native grass land. The results indicated that the highest fresh fodder production and carrying capacity both for the first and second harvesting were shown by the silvy-pasture system. The yields were 35.01 and 28.47 t/ha for the first and second harvesting, respectively. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity of the first harvesting using grazing and cut and carry were 1.47 and 1.75 cattle/ha/year with increasing life weights were 0.46 and 0.29 kg/day, respectively. For the second harvesting, the carrying capacities were 1.10 and 1.16 cattle/ha/year with increasing life weight about 0.28 kg/day, respectively. Introduction of Paspalum sp. and Arachis gambrata significantly improved carrying capacity of native grass land.
THE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY USING SORPTION CURVE ON NEWLY OPEN LOWLAND AREAS KASNO, ANTONIUS; SULAEMAN, .; DWINININGSIH, SUTISNI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Rice growth in the newly open lowland areas is restricted, especially nutrients availability. The purposes of the research as to study the sorption of soil P and soil P availability rice growth of the newly lowland. The field experimental is located at Dwijaya, Tugumulyo, Musi Rawas, South Sumatra province. Soil P-sorption was analysed in the laboratory for wet and dry soil samples, with two CaCI2 concentration (i.e.: 0.01 and 0.005 M). Soil fertility status of experimental site is very poor with N, P, K, Ca, Mg and organic matter as limiting factors for crop growth. Maximum rice yield in the site was achieved by P fertilizer application of 767 kg of SP-36, and correspond to available soil P (Bray 1) content of 5 ppm P. The phosphorus standard requirements in 0.01 and 0.005 M CaCI2 extracting solution are found to be 0.0051 and 0.0018 ppm P for wet soil sample and 0.009 and 0.003 ppm P for dry soil sample respectively.
Management of Phosphorus and Organic Matter on an Acid Soil in Jambi, Indonesia SANTOSO D; J. PURNOMO; I GEDE PUTU WIGENA; . SUKRISTIYONUBOWO; R.D.B LEFROY
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Pauh Menang village, Jambi province, to assess crop and soil response to P fertilization, compare inorganic and organic sources of P, and assess the interactions between these sources. The experiment employed an incomplete factorial combination of six levels of inorganic P (0, 19, 38, 57, 76 and 95 kg P ha-1 as SP-6), two organic matters (FYM and stylo), and lime, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The experiment was carried out over four seasons, from rainy season 1997/1998 until dry season 1999, however, the second crop failed due to severe drought. Under limed conditions, application of SP-36 at 38-kg P ha-1crop-1 increased soil P content. Repeated application of SP-36 resulted in accumulation of residual P and built up the P status of the soil well above 100 mg P kg-1 soil. The application of SP-36 in combination with OM, stylo or FYM, did not produce higher Colwell P contents in the soil compared with application of inorganic P alone. Grain yields of all corn crops increased significantly from about 0.5 to 3.5 t ha-1 with application of inorganic P at about 57 kg P ha-1. The amount of P fertilizer required to obtain 85% relative yield decreased from about 62 to 40 to 28 kg P ha-1 for crop 1 to crop 3 and to crop 4, providing evidence of the residual effect of P fertilization. The direct use of RP at 42.6 kg P ha-1crop-1 was less effective than the readily soluble inorganic SP-36 at 38 kg P ha-1 crop-1. Liming increased and maintained corn grain yields significantly. Application of OM as FYM or stylo in combination with SP-36 or RP did not resulted in synergistic interactions, with greater increases in yields. The introduction of an erect and fast growing stylo, Stylosanthes guyanensis cultivar CIAT 184, in the cropping system offers a good opportunity to improve fertility of acid soils. The high biomass yield of stylo, ranging from 0.8 to 4.9 t ha-1 per cutting, can be fed directly to cattle or sun-dried, ground and mixed with other materials to enrich feed concentrate. Widespread adoption of this legume would enhance cattle rearing, which in turn would produce more FYM as a source of organic P fertilizer .
The Effect of Soil Tillage, Intermittent Irrigation, and Fertilization on Productivity of Newly Open Rice Fields on Inceptisols and Ultisols from Muarabeliti and Tatakarya DEDI NURSYAMSI; L.R WIDYOWATI; DIAH SETYORINI; J. SRI ADININGSIH
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil tillage, intermittent drainage, and fertilization on productivity of newly open rice fields of Inceptisols in Muarabeliti, South Sumatra and Ultisols in Tatakarya, Lampung. The experiment was carried out using split plot design with 3 replications. Two varieties of rice IR-42 and Ciliwung were used as plant indicators in Muarabeliti and Tatakarya, respectively. The main plots consist of combination of soil tillage and irrigation treatments: (1) no soil tillage/flooded continuously, (2) soil tillage/flooded continuously, (3) no soil tillage/intermittent drainage, and (4) soil tillage/intermittent drainage. The treatments on sub plot were : (1) no fertilization, (2) application of organic matter (rice straw) of 5,000 kg/ha, (3) application of K fertilizer (KCI) of 150 kg/ha, and (4) application of K fertilizer (KCI) of 150 kg/ha and dolomite of 50 kg/ha. The results showed that there were no significant effets of soil tillage treatment on soil chemical characteristics, nutrients uptake, plant growth, and dry straw and grain yield. However, in Ultisols of Tatakarya, dry straw and grain yields were better with soil tillage than no soil tillage treatment. Intermittent drainage treatment decreased soil exchangeable Ca and K in Inceptisols of Muarabeliti under soil tillage condition. While in Ultisols of Tatakarya, the treatment decreased soils exchangeable Ca, K and also Mg and base saturation under with and without no soil tillage treatments. The use of 5,000 kg/ha rice straw increased soil organic-C, exchangeable K, K-HCI, and cation exchange capacity; plant K uptake; and dry straw and grain yield in both soils. Application of K fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and its combination with dolomite of 50 kg/ha, each increased soil K-HCI, exchangeable K, and dry grain yield in  Inceptisols of Muarabeliti. While in Ultisols of Tatakarya each treatment increased the above parameters and dry straw yield .
EVALUATION OF EROSION AND SILTATION OF LAKE TONDANO BASED ON THE HYDROLOGICAL AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS CATCHMENT HIKMATULLAH, .; H, SUBAGYO; KURNIA, UNDANG; AMIEN, LE ISTIQLAL
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

The lake Tondano in North Sulawesi Province, has very important role, namely as the source of domestic water use for Manado town, electric power generator, fisheries, and tourism. It has been issued to serious siltation process over the tolerable Iimit due to soil erosion, so that the water quantity and quality are worried to be decrease. The objective of the research is to study the possibility occuring of lake siltation caused by soil erosion, by analyzing the hydrological and soil characteristics data from the Tondano catchment. The hydrological data analysis includes the river discharge and sediment discharge entering the lake, lake depth, and lake water balance. The soil data analysis consists of chemical and physical soil properties, soil infiltration rate, and erosion hazard of the catchment predicted by universal soil loss equation (USLE) method. The results indicate that the water lake level fluctuation and the outlet discharge depend on the amount of rainfall. The discharge of sediment suspension entering the Jake was 7,540 tons per year compared to the lake volume as much as 680 millions m3, the lake would be full-filled by the sediments in thousands of years. The measured deepest lake depth at present is about 22 m, and during the last century, the lake was decrease as much as 6 m. The infiltration rate of main soils varies from moderate to very rapid (22- 71 cm/hr), and are still higher than the maximum absolute rainfallintensity, so that overland flow occurs very little. The amount of soil loss by erosion indicates that 94% of the catchment area is lower than the maximum tolerable limits (< 12 t/ha/yr). This research has proved that the hydrological and soil condition of the Tondano catchment have not yet been serious degradation caused by erosion, so that the accelerated siltation due to erosion process was not occur in the lake catchment and its surrounding.
RICE FIELD DISCHARGE MODELLING BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CONTRIBUTION OF PREVIOUS TERRACE DRAINAGE IRIANTO, GATOT; LAS, IRSAL
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Its been a long time that paddy terraces have been used in order to modify local hydraulic characteristics, aiming thus at a better evenness in water collecting and distribution. Nevertheless, the quantification of water transfer mechanism in terraces has still to be fully understood. Research on modeling for water transfer has been carried out to answer this issue.The two following reservoir linear laws have been used to represent water transfer in the terrace: (1) taking into account continuous discharge contribution of the precedent terrace and (2) taking into account discontinuous discharge contribution of the precedent terrace. The results of research show that a universal discharge equation for the nth terrace, based on the reservoir linear law derived through inductive method, can be described as:where : Qn is the discharge from the nth terrace (m3/s), Q0 the initial discharge (m3/s), k is a reservoir constant (s-1),and t is the time(s). According to the physical law, the inflow drained from the previous terrace has to be taken into account, but in this case,discharge modeling is reduced to the time when linear reservoir law still applies. This is because time taken for the terrace to be fully drained-dry would be infinite: thus when the water level is under the drain level axis, the linear reservoir law does not apply anymore. At this time, the main part of the stock can not be computed using surface and water level, because of local surface roughness. To find a solution, the debit was modeled byassuming that water on the terrace was fully drained when the water surface reaches exactly half the diameter of the drain pipe. Results of such a model show that the debit thus evaluated approach the debit measured with a coefficient F (criterion of Nash and Sutcliffe) variegating between 0.97 and 0.98. With such results this model can be accepted, assumingas a basic hypothesis that the terrace is dry when water its surface reaches half of the drain pipe diameter.
Extinction Coefficient and Production of Bushy Pepper at Several Radiation Levels E. SURMAINI; R. HIDAYATI; . TRIWIDIATNO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Extinction coefficient (k) described as plant capability to intercept solar radiation, furthermore determined energy conversion to dry matter. Pepper is C3 crop that have tolerance to shading. With knowing of optimal radiation level to growth and production can used to plan the cultivation and itsdevelopment. Research purposed to know extinction coefficient and optimal radiation level for production of bushy pepper. Experiment held on July-November 1997 on Research Installation of Research Institute of Spice and Medicinal Crop in Sukamulya, Sukabumi, West Java with 350 m above sea level and soil type is Alfisols. Research used spIit plot design with 3 replicates and 20 plants per plot. Main plot were radiation levels i.e 100, 75 and 50%. Sub plot were variety of bushy pepper i.e Petaling-1, Petaling-2 and Bengkayang. The highest k of three varieties was on 50% radiation level equals 243.2 cal/cm2/day that is 0.82 for Petaling-1, 0.78 for Petaling-2 and 0.89 for Bengkayang. When higher radiation received k value will be decrease. Bushy pepper that tolerance to low radiation, increasing k value able to increase plant production. The highest dried seed production of three varieties were on 50% radiation level, i.e 98.5 g/plant on Petaling-1, 82.6 g/plant on Petaling-2 and 91.6 g/plant on Bengkayang.
Development of Soils Derived from Weathered Sedimentary, Granitic and Ultrabasic Rocks in South Kalimantan Province: I. Mineralogical Composition and Chemical Properties MARKUS ANDA; NATA SUHARTA; SOFYAN RINTUNG
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Limited information is available on chemical propertiesand mineralogical composition of soils in South Kalimantan Province. The objective of this study is to assess the develop derived from weathered sedimentary, granitic and ultrabasic rocks with respect to soil management. Field investigations and laboratory analyses were performed to compare morphological properties, particle sizes, mineralogical compositions of sand and clay fractions, organic C, N, pH, extractable acidity, P retention, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and oxides of iron and aluminium. The results. show the AY-14 pedon has a higher degree of development followed by MA-86 and SW-89, respectively as indicated by mineralogical composition and chemical properties. Although the three pedons are dominated by kaolinite, the AY- 14 pedon (developed from an ultrabasic rock) has no weatherable minerals and vermiculite but has high opaques, low quartz and colloid surfaces bearing positive charge. On the other hand, weatherable minerals are only found in SW-89. The MA-86 and SW-89 (developed from granitic and sedimentary rocks, respectively) have low opaques, high quartz, a minor proportion of vermiculite, and colloid surfaces bearing negative charges. These findings suggest that the AY-14 has a higher degree of development than MA-86 and SW-89. Comparison between MA-86 and SW-89 indicated that the former has lower clay cation exchange capacity (CEC) and contains no weatherable minerals indicating that the MA-86 has a higher degree of development than the SW-89. The values of exchangeable cations, CEC of soil and clay, and ECEC were low in all three pedons. The magnitude of each value was lower in the AY-14 followed by MA-86 and SW-89, respectively. In contrast, P retention and iron oxides were the highest in the AY- 14 pedon followed by MA-86 and SW-89, respectively. The three pedons have very acid to acid pH, and low C and N contents. Based on chemical properties and mineralogical composition, the three pedons need different management practices. The soil derived from ultrabasic rock (AY-14) needs higher phosphate fertilizer due to its high P retention, higher organic matter and lime than soils derived from granitic rock (MA-86) and sedimentary rock (SW-89) in order to increase CEC, nutrient availability and soil pH.

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