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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Published by Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya lahan Pertanian
ISSN : 14107244     EISSN : 27227723     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.19-29
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No 19 (2001): Desember 2001" : 5 Documents clear
EFFECTS OF LIME TO SULFUR-SULFATE TRANSFORMATION ON OXIC DYSTRUDEPTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PEANUT PRODUCTION WIGENA, I GEDE PUTU; RACHIM, A.; SANTOSO, D.; SALEH, A.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

A series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out to study the interaction between lime and sulfur. The laboratory experiment was carried out from June to September 1999 to study sulfur-sulfate transformation using an Oxic Dystrudepts from Jambi Province. The experiment tested 3levels of sulfur (0; 5; and 10 ppm S in soil solution) combined with 2 levels of lime (0 and 1.0 times of exchangeable Al). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. The field experiment was done from October 1999 to June of 2000, tested 4 levels of sulfur (0; 2.5; 5.0; and 7.5 ppm S in soil solution) combined with 4 levels of phosphorus (0; 0.01; 0.02; and 0.03 ppm P in soil solution), and 3 levels of lime (0; 0.5; and 1.0 times of exchangeable aluminum). The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replicates. Lime treatments were used as the main plots and incomplete combinations of sulfur and phosphorus as the sub plots. The incomplete sulfur and phosphorus treatment combination were arrenged based on the Hauser?s simplified concept. Results of the experiments showed that application of sulfur at a rate of 5 ppm S in soil solution increased sulfur transformation almost similar with application of lime at 1.0 time of exchangeable-Al equivalent. At the topsoil layer with low S content, lime application increased sulfur transformation almost 2 folds, namely from 70 to 135 ppm S-SO42-. While at the subsoil layer with higher content of sulfur, the increases of sulfur transformation was almost 1.5 folds, namely from 120 to 160 ppm S-SO42-. The field experiment showed that lime increased peanut seed significantly, from 864 to 1058 kg ha-1. Liming also increased seed quality, which can be seen from the significant increase of amino acids contents of peanut seed, namely methionine, cistine, and cystein. The increases of amino acid contents were 0.56 to 0.75 ppm for methionine, 0.58 to 0.70 for cistine, and 0.39 to 0.54 ppm for cysteine. Sulfur application increased dry pod and seed of peanut. The highest yields of dry pod and seed were 2107 and 1320 kg ha-1, respectively, which were achieved at the lime treatment of 1.0 time exchangeable Al combined with 7.5 ppm S in soil solution. Sulfur application also increased seed quality of peanut, which can be seen from the significant increase of amino acid contents: methionine, cistine, and cysteine. Similar with dry pod and seed yields, the highest increase in amino acid contents of peanut seed was also achieved at the lime treatment at 1.0 time of exchangeable-Al equivalent combined with 7.5 ppm S in soil solution. The increases of amino acid content were 0.60 to 0.88 ppm for methionine, 0.61 to 0.80 ppm for cistine, and 0.48 to 0.62 ppm for cystein.
Nutrient Balance and Economic Analyses of P Fertilization on an Acid Upland Soil in Sumatra DJOKO SANTOSO; I GEDE PUTU WIGENA; R.D.B LEFROY
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

Soil and crop responses to P fertilization were assessed for seven seasons, from rainy season 1997/1998 until rainy season 2000/2001, in a field experiment at Pauh Menang village of Jambi province, Indonesia. An incomplete factorial combination of six levels of inorganic P (0, 19, 38, 57, 76 and 95 kg P ha-1 as SP-36), two sources organic matters (FYM and stylo), and lime, was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The soil in this site was very P deficient and application of 38 kg P ha-1 increased corn yields significantly from less than 1.0 to about 3.5 t ha-1 for the first four crops. The higher rates of applied P didn’t increase further corn yields, indicating that external P requirement was fulfilled. A build-up and maintenance rate of banded application of SP-36,that required in this soil was 38 and 19 kg P ha-1, respectively. Broadcast application for the entire topsoil layer in a plot or farmland would require considerably larger amount of P fertilizer for building up of P level than the banded application. The balances of P treatments were all positive and substantiated by the increasing Colwell P content of the soil with increasing rate of applied P. Although no apparent symptom of Zn deficiency was observed, the Zn content in plant leaf decreased with increasing rate of applied P. By assuming all labour costs as cash costs in conducting economic analyses to calculate the B/C ratios, in general only the SP-36 treatments gave beneficial returns. Although many of the B/C ratios were less than 1.0, the amount of total benefits that could be earned by farmers were considerably high because the total production costs included all labour costs.
NITROGEN DYNAMICS ON RICE FIELD SOILS MULYANI, NANAN S; SURYADI, M.E; DWININGSIH, S.; HARYANTO, .
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilizer is unstable, and it is predicted that large amount of it is lost through run-off, volatilization, and leaching processes. Information of nitrogen movement is needed in order to increase the efficient use of fertilizer, so that the N dosage and time of fertilizer application could be given precisely. Nitrogen movement through volatilization and from standing water and leaching could be observed by means of laboratory study using plastic pot which has been especially designed, and soil samples was taken after 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days of incubation. The green house experiment was held using IR-64 rice variety to see the sorption of nitrogen. The movement of nitrogen in standing water of Entisols until da showed that the concentration of NH4-N was higher than NO3-N, and afterwards NO3-N was higher than NH4-N. NH4-N concentration on Inceptisols until days-28 was higher than NO3-N. However, the NH4-N concentration on Vertisols until days- 28 was lower than NO3-N. The movement of nitrogen on Entisols and Inceptisols showed that the NH4-N concentration until days-28 was higher than NO3-N, however the NH4-N concentration on Vertisols until days-7 was lower than NO3-N. Nitrogen losses from fertilizer in standing water of Vertisols was found 31,7% at days-1 and 28,8% at days-4. The N uptake by crop was found the highest on Inceptisols (78,0%) and the lowest on Entisols (17,2%).
Alternative Method for Calculating Runoff Coefficient Based on Discharge Simulation Model by Applying Unit Hydrograph Concept (Kali Kripik Sub Watershed Case Study) BUDI KARTIWA; GATOT IRIANTO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

Comparison of two method on calculating runoff coefficient (Cr), is discussed in this paper i.e. classical method and alternative method. The first one calculates Cr based on the hydrograph separation analyses, and the second one based on the discharge model simulation by applying unit hydrograph concept. The classical Cr values is calculated using simple method and the alternative Cr values is calculated using H2U (Hydrogramme Unitaire Universel) transfer rainfall-discharge model, for 47 rainfall and discharge events from September 1998 to March 1999 on Kripik sub Watershed. The H2U model calculates discharge based on convolution product between excess rainfall and hydrological network density that was represented by probability density function. The Cr value according to this model is determined when the Cr is resulting the best discharge simulation. During the period of September 1998 to March 1999, the classical Cr value varied between 2,8 to 69,1%, while alternative Cr between 1,0 to 48,8%. The smallest and the biggest differences between classical and alternative Cr values were 0,3% and 26,5%, respectively. According to regression analyses and Nash-Sutcliffe criterion, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the coefficient of efficiency (F) were 0,9312 and 0,6829, respectively. Statistically, these values indicate that the alternative Cr value was similar to classical one.
Point of Zero Charge Determination and the Inluence of P, Basic Slag, Organic Matter and Lime Applications on Colloidal Charge and Quality of Oxisols MARKUS ANDA; ANTONIUS KASNO; WIWIK HARTATIK; . SULAEMAN; J. SRI ADININGSIH
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

The colloidal charge manipulation of highly weathered soils using point of zero charge (PZC or pHo) approach is important in improving soil chemical properties. The objective of this study was to determine the PZC and manipulate colloidal charge surfaces of Oxisols in order to increase their quality. PZC was determined by adjusting pH values from 3 to 7 using potentiometric titration. The change of colloidal surface charges was measured using two extractants; NH4-acetat pH 7 and NH4Cl. A glass house experiment was carried out using 4.5 kg soil/pot. Soil was taken from Sonay, South East Sulawesi and from Sitiung, West Sumatra. Soil was taken from surface layer (0-20 cm) and subsurface layer (20-40 cm) for each location. Four factors consisted of P fertilizer, basic slag, organic matter and lime were used to manipulate colloidal surface charge. The treatment rates were 100, 200 and 400 ppm P for P fertilizer; 2, 4 and 8 t/ha for basic slag; 10, 20 and 40 t/ha for organic matter; 1.5, 3 and 6 t/ha for lime, and a complete control. All 13 treatments with three replications, were arranged using a randomized complete block design in which each layer of two Oxisols is used as a block. The results showed that values of PZC for a surface layer of Sonay Oxisol (OSY) and for surface and subsurface layers of Sitiung Oxisol (OSG) are similar, i.e, pHo was 3.5. In addition, the PZC value for the subsurface layer of OSY occurs at pH 5 which is the highest pHo value compared to three other layers. The PZC value of OSY, at a surface layer is higher than its soil pH value (5.0 vs 4.4) suggesting that colloidal surfaces bear a positive charge. In contrast, the PZC values for the surface layer of OSY and surface and subsurface layers of OSG were lower than their soil pH values, indicating the colloidal surfaces bear a negative charge. Application of P, basic slag, organic matter, and lime was able to manipulate colloidal charge surfaces having positive charges become negative and that the low negative charge of colloidal surfaces become more negative as evidenced from the increase cation exchange capacity (measured in NH4Cl) compared to a control treatment. Application of P, basic slag,organic matter, and lime could increased quality of Oxisols as shown by decreasing K leaching and by increased soybean yields, which drastically increased compared to a control treatment.

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