Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[309 Community Parenting and the Concept of Child Abuse in Yoruba Culture ]]>
<![CDATA[Omobola, Odejobi Cecilia]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study investigated whether or not child abuse existed in the traditional Yoruba culture. The population consistedof all the secondary students and their parents in Ile-Ife metropolis. Purposive random techniques was employed in selecting 241male and 259 female that made up of three sets of people (non-literate parents, literate parents and students) which comprisesof 66 males and 84 females non-literate parents and 75 males and 75 females literate parents as well as 100 males and 100females students that were selected from 10 secondary schools in Ile-Ife .using purposive sampling technique. A questionnairetitled “Parenting and Child Abuse Questionnaire†(PCAQ) was developed by the investigator to elicit information from bothstudents and parents on the issue related to child abuse. The non-literate parents that could not read the questionnaire weremade to respond as the investigator read in native language. The questionnaire was validated before use and the reliabilitycoefficient yielded 0.85 which is significant at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed statistically using percentages.Findings showed students do not see the type of training giving to them in the traditional setting as child abuse. Non-literateparents do not see fostering children as child abuse. Also the literate parents see child abuse as a fruit of western civilization.The paper concluded that child abuse should be examined within the context of culture. Practices with cultural undertonesshould not be condemned.]]>
<![CDATA[Women in Military in India: The Cry for Parity ]]>
<![CDATA[Bhattacharyya, Arundhati]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Gunnar Myrdal in his “Asian Drama†argued that the traditional societies cannot modernize themselves, unless theyrecast their traditional institutions, beliefs and values, to suit the demands of development. But, India has proved that it is notnecessarily true, particularly, in the restructuring of gender relations in the workplace. Women have proved their worth, not to theexclusion of their male counterparts. But, Indian women have distinguished themselves by working shoulder to shoulder withmen. Yet, the women made their own mark and proved a cut above the rest in so many areas of performance. The Indian Statehas also supported them. In the final document of the Vienna Conference, States formally recognized the human rights ofwomen to be an integral, inalienable and indivisible part of universal human rights. They further demanded that the equal statusof women and the human rights of women…be integrated into the mainstream of….the United Nations human rights activities.]]>
<![CDATA[Strategies Used in the Translation into Albanian of Allusions in Walt Whitman's Poetry ]]>
<![CDATA[Pema, Alketa]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[A translator who examines a text with a view to translate it will have a number of concerns. Among them, allusions arelikely to become puzzles when they cross a cultural divide. Translating allusions can be a demanding task due to the fact thatthey simultaneously activate two texts and have specific meanings in the culture and language in which they arise but notnecessarily in others. However, the use of allusions by an author shows an expectation that the reader is familiar with thereferences made, otherwise the effect is lost. Taking this into account, the present study focuses on personal proper noun andkey phrase allusions in the poems of the- famous American poet Walt Whitman and their translations into Albanian. It aims toinvestigate how translation- strategies would provide the translators, in particular the novice ones, with useful insights concerningintertextual references in general and allusions in particular in order that the translators might find it no more challenging a task.In order to achieve the above mentioned purpose, the personal proper noun and key-phrase allusions in Leaves of Grass andtheir equivalents in the Albanian translation were first identified. Then, Leppihalme's (1997) proposed strategies for thetranslation of allusions were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the most common strategy for the translation of personalproper nouns was that of 'retention without any guidance' and for key-phrase allusions was that 'literal translation with minimumchange'. This is indicative of the translator's wish to be as faithful as possible to the source texts to demonstrate that the allusivelanguage of the original texts and connotations conveyed by them were largely ignored by the translator.]]>
<![CDATA[Media Criticism: Class Fantasy and Ideology in the Movie Ganj-e Qaroon ]]>
<![CDATA[Rabani, Rasoul]]>;
<![CDATA[Adibi, Mehdi]]>;
<![CDATA[Aqababaee, Ehsan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Subjects due to their class position may construct specific fantasies. Class fantasy, one of the given fantasies, isconstructed by lower-classes in the society. This study is to critically scrutinize this type of fantasy in media discourse data.Furthermore, as ideology is a means by which cinema apparatus sutures audience within movie narration, the movie ideologyand its relation with the given fantasy will be discussed as well. Indeed, the paper presents an attempt to illustrate how movies,through the construction of the fantasy, serve to justify the prevailing ideologies at the time. A case in point is melodrama. Thedata are extracted from one the most popular movies in the history of Iranian cinema, Ganj-e Qaroon (meaning Qaroon’sTreasure). Analysis of the data is done within the frameworks of Bordwell (1995); Cormack (1992); and Zizek (2008a). Findingsshow that the class fantasy is constructed through the movie. That is the hero, reaching the object-cause of desire namely thegirl of narration, may fill the class gap; however, a change in his position causes the object to lose its significance. Concerningthe movie ideology, results indicate that the movie ideology, i.e. the class ideology, proposes class coexistence in peace.Indeed, the movie not only represents class fantasy but also uses the end of fantasy in its favor.]]>
<![CDATA[Non-Verbal Communication and Volleyball: A New Way to Approach the Phenomenon ]]>
<![CDATA[Raiola, Gaetano]]>;
<![CDATA[Tore, Alfredo Di]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Too often in sports the qualitative aspects of performance are addressed with superficially and approximation becauseit believes that it is not scientifically possible to explain everything that is not easily quantifiable and expressible in the form ofnumbers. In volleyball, the ball is rejected, both among members of a team and between the two opposing teams, with afrequency significantly greater than in other team sports. For this reason, in volleyball, not immediately quantifiable aspects ofthe game action are greater than other team sports. The qualitative aspects in volleyball concern technical skills, tacticaldecisions, strategy and more. Among these, non-verbal communication has not yet been considered as an object of study andthus not yet investigated. This study provides the initiation of an integrated research between social science and sports scienceto allow technicians, coaches and physical education teachers to learn more about another important aspect of quality for thepurposes of training and education. The aim is to identify applications of the principles of nonverbal communication, which hasits own epistemological framework, to volleyball through the systematic analysis of specific game situations. The methodintegrates the theoretical-argumentative and descriptive approach. Communicative events attributable to non-verbalcommunication were classified into three categories: communication tactics, functional communication and diagnosticcommunication. The frequency and outcome of these events were investigated in relation to three specific volleyball technicalskills related to nonverbal communication: a) the second ball goes to the opposite court instead of setting for attacking; b) theattack as fast as possible in the middle of the net; c) the off speed hit instead of power spike over the block; The results show asignificant incidence of communicative events related to non-verbal communication on the final outcome and, therefore, suggestthat non-verbal communication is subject of interest to technicians, coaches and physical education teachers]]>
<![CDATA[Specifying Metadiscoursal Signals in the Novel Pride and Prejudice and its Two Persian Translations By Copple’s model (1980) ]]>
<![CDATA[Boroujeni, Esmaiel Kaboli]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Finding out the metadiscoursal signals in any language and analyzing their usage specially in meaning transferbetween two different languages is very important. The present paper adopted the model presented by Vande Copple (1980), tofind all of the metadiscoursal signals in the first five chapters of the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The number ofmetadiscoursal signals in all of the related parts in the original novel was compared with those of its two Persian renderings byPooranfar and Ardakani by a comparative study using Vande Copple’s model. The results of the study showed that the numberof metadiscoursal signals usage in the TL translation made by Ardakani was more than of those in Pooranfar’s translation.However, considering both translations, they were poor in transferring the original metadiscoursal signals into the Persianlanguage and it resulted to the less comprehensibility of them comparing to that of original novel. Besides, the consistency,meaningfulness and communicativeness of the translated texts were in a lower level than the original due to the lower number ofmetadiscoursal signals. As a result, it was made clear that the use of metadiscoursal signals is necessary and complementary inany kind of discourse use.]]>
<![CDATA[An Assessment of Flood Hazard in Nigeria: The Case of Mile 12, Lagos ]]>
<![CDATA[Olajuyigbe, A. E]]>;
<![CDATA[Rotowa, O.O]]>;
<![CDATA[Durojaye, E.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Apart from traffic congestion, flood is the most common serious physical urban problem in most Nigerian cities. Thisusually results from high river levels, concentration of overland flow following heavy rainfall, limited capacity of drainage systemsand blockage of waterways and drainage channels. This study identified the factors responsible for perennial flooding in Mile 12area of Lagos, Nigeria which has constituted serious menace in terms of socio-economic and environmental consequences. Theresearch methodology involved questionnaire administration on households, key informant interview especially on Lagos StatePhysical Development Authority (LASPPDA) officials and participant-observation, while other data were collected fromsecondary sources including various relevant publications and text books. The result shows that the perennial flooding problemin Mile 12 is as a result of consistent high rainfall and water releases from Oyan dam in the neighbouring state of Ogun, Nigeria.Other causes of flood in the study area include blockage of drainage channels by refuse and other wastes, narrow river channelsand construction along floodplain. In a bid to ameliorate the seemingly intractable problem of flooding in the study area, therecommendations made include: provision of sufficient setback to streams and rivers, construction of roads with good drainagesystem, channelization and building of more dams to avoid excess loading of the existing dam.]]>
<![CDATA[Rural Development As Strategy for Food Security and Global Peace in The 21st Century ]]>
<![CDATA[Nwagboso, I. Christopher]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper discusses rural development as strategy for food security and global peace in the century. The paperadopts descriptive methodological orientation to investigate how the abysmal failure of governments in the contemporary worldto develop their rural areas has adversely impacted on food security. However, the paper argues that why the quest for ruraldevelopment has remained elusive particularly in the developing countries is largely due to up-bottom approach currentlyadopted by countries. It further argues that this strategy has not only resulted to abject poverty in most countries, but also failedto achieve food security among individuals, families and communities around the globe. The implication of this sorry state ofaffairs is that the attainment of global peace in the 21st century has remained an exercise in futility in spite of the overdramatizedefforts of international organizations like the UN. The paper, therefore, recommends among others, the need toestablish a specialized agency to study the success of rural development policies and programmes in some countries like Chinaand replicate such strategies in other parts of the world for effective food security on global peace in the 21st century.]]>
<![CDATA[An Unromanticized Afghanistan in Saira Shah’s The Storyteller’s Daughter ]]>
<![CDATA[Qutami, Mais]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[In this paper I examine Saira Shah’s representation of Afghanistan and her conflicted position as a viewer andnarrator whose “way of seeing†the East and West sometimes fluctuates between an Orientalist and a nationalist perspective. Iargue though that her affiliation to the West and Orientalist views seem to dominate her perception of Afghani culture and itspeople far more than she had expected. Despite her attempts to renegotiate her hyphenated identity, as an Afghani- British, shefinds herself unable to embrace the new torn- up Afghanistan that replaces the romanticized image she had of it in the past. InThe Storyteller’s Daughter, Shah tries to bring Afghanistan and its culture to light, but indirectly contributes to its invisibility andmisrepresentation by the colonial discourse. She shares with her readers her experiences with the Taliban and the women shemet in Afghanistan which she thought of as a mysterious land until she was disillusioned with its horrific state of war and politicalturmoil.]]>
<![CDATA[Appraisal of Private Sector Involvement in Infrastructure Development in Lagos State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Taye, Ojuola Olasijibomi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dada, Martin Oloruntobi]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The need for the provision of infrastructure in any developing country cannot be overemphasized as it constitutes thebackbone of the country’s national economy. Considering the importance of infrastructure, government at all levels has oftenborne the full responsibility of providing infrastructure via dependence on loans and credits from financial institutions notrecognizing the fact that the investment requirement for the infrastructure deficit is such that cannot possibly be met by relying onthe public sector to boost public investment without increasing public borrowing. To this end, this research sought to appraise theinvolvement of the private sector in infrastructure development in Lagos State through the use of the public-private-partnership(PPP). Questions were asked to investigate the level of awareness about and the use of various models or variants of PPPs.105 questionnaires were administered on professional firms/agencies (construction consultants, contractors, financinginstitutions and concessionaires) that have been or are involved in PPP projects in Lagos state. 66 responses were obtained.The data was subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the study indicate that the levels ofawareness of private sector involvement in infrastructure development using PPPs as well as the areas of involvement were notsignificant. It is recommended that government should put more efforts to improve the level of awareness on the involvement ofthe private sector participation in the provision of infrastructure through public enlightenment both locally and internationallystating the benefits that are obtainable both for citizens and investors.]]>
