Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[The Rights of Albanian Nationals under the Stabilization and Association Agreement between Albania and the European Communities ]]>
<![CDATA[Gjevori, Anduena]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper investigates the legal effects of the EU Association Agreements in the EU legal order and in the legal order ofAlbania with a special focus on the rights established for Albanian nationals by the Stabilization and Association Agreement(SAA). It first considers the legal effects of the EU Association Agreements in the EU legal order during the pre-accessionperiod. Such analysis shows that agreements between the Union and non-member states countries which follow the procedureprovided by Article 218 of the TFEU form part of the EU legal order. According to the ECJ, provisions of associationagreements can have direct effect provided that they contain a clear and precise obligation. Therefore, nationals of nonmemberstate countries party to an agreement with the EU can rely on the provisions of those agreements before the courts ofthe Member States. On the other hand, the legal effects of the SAA in the Albanian legal order during the pre-accession perioddepend on the interpretation of the Constitution from Constitutional Court especially of those provisions which concern therelationship of international law with national law and on the interpretation of the objectives of the SSA itself by national judges.Therefore, the second part of the paper will analyse the relationship of international and national law according to theconstitution and also the possibilities for supremacy and direct effect of the European law in the Albanian legal order. We willsupplement such analysis with recent Constitutional Court decisions, which address the problem of legal effects of EU law inthe Albanian legal order. The overall purpose of such analysis is to shed light on the citizen’s rights in regard to the so-calledpre-accession effect of EU law when the aspiring member state is on the way to full membership. This analytical perspective isimportant to both Albania and other South East European countries which are in the same legal position and are confusedabout the rights that their citizens gain from the SAA.]]>
<![CDATA[Competition in Marketing: Survival Yardstick for Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ibidunni, O.S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogundele, O . J . K .]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study investigated how competition on firms’ life-cycle operations ensures the survival of small and medium enterprises inNigeria. Relevant models and theories were employed to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used interms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing small and medium enterprises. Two hypotheses wereinvestigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based small and medium enterprises using Cluster sampling. 5-pointLikert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard’s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used.Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach’s alpha of 0.70.Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to testhypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing small and mediumenterprises with forms of competition on a firm’s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components forthe enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm’s life-cycle, strategies to support operations forsurvival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of small and medium enterprises have to monitor and managecompetition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.]]>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Direct and Indirect Experience of Insurance Services on Customer-Based Brand Equity Some Research Questions and Implications ]]>
<![CDATA[Hassan, Ghorbani]]>;
<![CDATA[Seyedeh Masoomeh, Abdollahi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Reza, Dalvi Esfahan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Brand equity has been introduced as a key issue in marketing. A crucial communication task for unknown brands is to build thebrand knowledge in consumers’ minds necessary to become established. This study explores the way in which brand equityand quality of experience are developed in insurance industry from customer's perspective, providing a conceptual framework.The statistical population consists of customers who have used services offered by Parsian Insurance Company's branches inIsfahan city. Random sampling method has been applied to select the appropriate sample. The examinations were donethrough 185 available questionnaires. In order to test the conceptual model, structural equations' model (SEM) has been used.Results based on SEM outputs demonstrate acceptance and confirmation of all studied factors. These findings indicate thatadvertising spend, word of mouth and service performance have a positive impact on quality of experience, while monetarypromotion influence the dependent variable negatively. Quality of experience also has a positive relation with overall brandequity.]]>
<![CDATA[Constructing America’s “New Blacks:†Post 9/11 Social Policies and their Impacts on and Implications for the Lived Experiences of Muslims, Arabs and “Others†]]>
<![CDATA[Ogbuagu, Buster C.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Problem Statement: Blacks in North America have been oppressed, discriminated against and marginalized for over fourhundred years. While there have been social polices enacted by various world governments in attempts to stem the tide of theoppression of Blacks and other minorities, these forms of oppressions continue, are practiced and reproduced by individualsand systems in the United States and across the world, albeit insidiously. Approach:The oppression of Blacks is not the issuehere, for that remains in suspended animation, with the discovery and construction, since the unfortunate September 11, 2001events of America’s“New Blacks†represented by Muslims, Arabs, Asians and “Others.â€Results:Using interlocking oppressionsand empowerment theories embodied by Critical Race Theory, the study explores post 9/11 social policies and their unsavoryimpacts on the lived experiences of Muslims, Arabs and “Others.â€Conclusion:It also attempts a reconnaissance of prosocialresistance skills and strategies to deal with the upsurge and continued profiling, singling-out and marginalization of thispopulation by polices that having primarily been designed to protect America and Americans from further acts of terror, amplify,reproduce and sustain the emasculation of minority populations in and outside of the United States.]]>
<![CDATA[A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Contributing to Gender Inequality in Rural Ghana ]]>
<![CDATA[Dako-Gyeke, Mavis]]>;
<![CDATA[Owusu, Prince]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Gender inequality hinders the development efforts of countries worldwide, especially developing countries. Despite Ghanagovernment’s efforts to address gender inequality, the issue continues to prevail, and invariably retards development mostly inrural communities. This qualitative study, explored factors that perpetuated gender inequality in Kyebi, in the Ashanti Region ofGhana. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were utilized to recruit twenty-five participants and in-depthinterviews were conducted to gather data for the study. The findings of the study revealed that deep rooted patterns of cultureand socialization continue to perpetuate gender inequality in rural communities denying women equal access to services aswell as to physical and social capital. Based on the findings of our study, we draw attention to the need for research and policyinterventions that would reduce gender inequalities and ensure women’s active participation in social and economicdevelopment.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementation of National Accounting Standards Focused in Albanian Reality ]]>
<![CDATA[Xhaferri, Shqipe]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper deals with the achievements and weaknesses of the implementation of the National and International Standards ofAccounting, for property in general, the problems encountered in the implementation of these standards as well ascomparisons between different societies.This work will be carried out through questionnaires and direct interviews with variousbusinesses, especially those businesses that deal with the implementation of IAS 16 and 5.The methodology used will bequalitative and quantitative methods and empirical data - where you will get the right information about the problems anddifficulties faced by various companies and qualitative methods through a detailed analysis of the data obtained to reflect thereasons for non-compliance with these standards. Benefits of International Accounting Standards may be financial, economicand political.Preliminary evidence suggests that companies, lenders and investors would prefer, a convergence of domesticaccounting standards with the International Accounting Standards to create a framework of financial reporting quality. Althoughthere are many significant benefits for the implementation of International Accounting Standards and has grown pretty itsimportance, there are still many challenges for the further development and implementation authoritative. To better understandthese challenges need to look at the factors that influence the development of accounting regulations. These factors mayinclude social and cultural values, political and legal systems, business activities and economic conditions; standard-settingprocesses; capital markets and forms of ownership; and finally the cooperative efforts of nations. These factors need to beunderstood if we can mitigate or even eliminate the challenges of International Accounting Standards. International AccountingStandards are important today and will probably become even more important in the future, as they are further developed. Thiswork will be carried out in close cooperation with the theme leader Prof. Jorgji Bolanos to reach the criticism and solutions toproblems encountered in this research.: “Which are the problems that implementation process will face in Albanian reality?â€]]>
<![CDATA[Patterns in Agricultural Loans under the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Isiorhovoja, R.A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper assessed the performance of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS) with the objectives of: (i)determining the trend in the annual total number and value of loans guaranteed, (ii) ascertaining the direction of loansguaranteed, and (iii) determining the risk of non-repayment level associated with loans guaranteed to farmers. Data wereobtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2010a) for the 20 year period of 1991 to 2010 and were analyzed by the useof tables, graphs and descriptive statistics of minimum, maximum and mean and risk measurement. Parts of the findings werethat the yearly total number and value of loans guaranteed by the Scheme and the number and value fully repaid were on theincrease; the risk of non-repayment was also on the increase though it nosedived in 2010. Further, that about 0.2% of theestimated households population in Nigeria was reached in terms of loans and that the average unit loan value guaranteedranged from N3,729.78 to N155,661.17. Individual farmers received upward of 92% and 76%, respectively, of annual numberand value of loans guaranteed. It was recommended that the Scheme should review and incorporation the lessons learnedfrom 1991 to 1999 into a new policy and strategy formulation and operation that would engender another era of low risk of nonrepaymentof loans with increases in loan expansion.]]>
<![CDATA[The Convergence of Accounting Treatment for Intangible Assets in Albania ]]>
<![CDATA[Xhaferri, Shqipe]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study aims at analysing the accounting treatment for identifiable intangible assets. Our research is based on the analysisof the Albania regulation under the current General Accounting Plan of 2003 (from now on referred to as PGC-2003) and theinternational regulations stated by two important accounting regulation organisms: the International Accounting StandardsBoard (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In particular, we will carry out a comparative study of thedefinition, recognition criteria, valuation, amortisation, impairment of value as well as its recovery and information to beprovided in the Notes to the Financial Statements. The review of these accounting regulations shows that there is nohomogeneous treatment, despite the great advance achieved on this subject, to obtain a higher level of convergence.]]>
<![CDATA[Socioeconomic Factors as Predictors of Entrepreneurial Behaviour in Poultry Farm ]]>
<![CDATA[Isiorhovoja, R.A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper sets out to assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of respondent being a poultry farmentrepreneur. The 275 poultry farms registered with the Livestock department of Delta State Ministry of Agriculture, DeltaState, Nigeria, was the population studied. Data on socio-economic characteristics of poultry farmers and their relationship withthe farms were collected with the aid of questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binarylogistic regression. The results revealed that the ages of respondents ranged from 18 to 68 years with a mean of 43.91 yearsand a standard deviation of 9.29; the age group 38 - 47 years had the highest frequency of poultry entrepreneurs (39.60%).Majority of poultry operators (42.18%) had either a diploma or certificate of education. Other findings were that age, gender,number of years of study and nature of parents’occupation were socio-economic factors which significantly affect the likelihoodof the respondent being a poultry farm entrepreneur. The authors recommend that entrepreneurial development programmesshould take cognizance of these factors in their design.]]>
<![CDATA[Basic Psychological Needs at Work of Mental Health Professionals in Albania ]]>
<![CDATA[Xhakollari, Lediana]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Research has supported the important role of meeting the needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness within theworkplace, in order to enhance wellbeing, including lowered stress, burnout, and anxiety and enhanced workplaceengagement The subjects of this study are mental health workers in Albania. This article reviews the meaning of quality ofwork life and analyses constructs of basic psychological needs at work based on Deci & Ryan model. The constructs of basicpsychological needs at work discussed are, the need for autonomy, the need for competence and the need for relatedness..This is mainly a quantitative study, with some elements of qualitative methods. Specifically, are used the scale measuringsatisfaction with basic psychological needs at work (adapted from the model of Deci & Ryan), interviews and observations. Atthe conclusion of the study came out that overall mental health workers are satisfied with their basic psychological needs atwork. Basic psychological need at work is positively related to all its constructs.]]>
