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Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Published by Universitas Nusa Cendana
ISSN : 20399340     EISSN : 20392117     DOI : 10.36941/mjss
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 1,077 Documents
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Multipurpose Community Centers in South Africa An Empirical Study of Select Municipalities Mpehle, Zwelibanzi
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The provision of basic services to citizens in a fair and equitable manner has been achallenge for the South African government, given the history of segregation based on raceand color that was instituted by the apartheid regime. It is such a challenge that compelledthe present government to identify various alternative strategies that will enhance servicedelivery, hence the birth of an idea to establish Multipurpose Community Centers (MPCCs),which later became known as Thusong Service Centers (TSCs), to serve as the vehicle inenhancing service delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the MPCCs (herein alsoreferred to as TSCs or Centers) established by the South African government do enhanceservice delivery to the previously marginalized communities. The study was conducted inthree provinces in South Africa, and in each province three municipalities where TSCs havebeen established were randomly chosen on the basis of their geographical location, namelyrural, semi-urban and urban areas where previously marginalized communities dwell.Stratified random sampling was utilized in gathering information as the researchertargeted four population groups, namely the beneficiaries of services, government officialswho service clients in the TSCs, center managers and provincial coordinators of the TSCs.The researcher utilized structured questionnaires to gather information from beneficiariesof services, semi-structured interview schedule for government officials, and an observationsheet to record how TSCs operate, and whether the government officials practice BathoPele Principles in serving recipients of services. This article argues that although theintroduction of such Centers was a noble idea and that the household access to basicservices has changed for the better in certain communities, the Centers have not beensuccessful in accelerating services in some communities as revealed by the study. One ofthe reasons these Centers are not successful is lack of consultation by government withcommunities and other relevant stakeholders in the establishment of some Centers toestablish what services need to be rendered. Furthermore, some Centers do not haveadequate physical and human resources, and the managers running these Centers are notadequately trained in managerial and other relevant skills. The study also revealed thatlack of funding makes it impossible for these Centers and services rendered sustainable,and lack of communication and coordination of activities between departments utilizingthe Centers render integrated service delivery. The article concludes by givingrecommendations that were carefully drawn from the analysis of the findings and theentire study.
Mechanisms to Improve Accountability in the Public Sector Heerden, Mike Van; Steyn, Sunette
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Incidents of a lack of accountability, often associated with an element of corruption, amongpublic officials and institutions when rendering public services, is a worldwide occurrence.In an attempt to address this governance tendency, governments increasingly look towardsmore sophisticated managerial methods such as improved monitoring and evaluationsystems, and performance management systems, to address accountability deficits ingovernance. Such a managerial method is not necessarily similar to the rational theory as aremnant of the New Public Management (NPM). The prevailing belief in the NPM is thatimproved effectiveness and efficiencies enhance accountability and eliminate corruption.Accountability, however, is a political concept that relates to a power discourse. Citizens areoften unable to influence government decisions affecting their lives and eliminate theabuse of power by the government. A key challenge in practice is, accordingly, to createforms of accountability in terms of which citizens can have control over and sanction suchabuse of power. This type of approach necessarily positions accountability in a non-rationalneo-institutional theory framework. The article explores existing accountabilitymechanisms that scholars propose as solutions to address governance challenges and tostrengthen weak accountability. These mechanisms are analysed so as to indicateweaknesses and strengths of each. It then deals with other accountability mechanisms thatrelate to a neo-institutional theory framework and discusses strengths and weaknesses ofthose mechanisms. The article concludes with proposals of alternative innovativeaccountability mechanisms with which citizens could hold the public sector to account.
A Case Study of Non-Payment for Municipal Services In the Vhembe District Municipality Schalkwyk, Andre Van
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate reasons for non–payment by residents for servicesrendered by the Vhembe District Municipality. The municipalities are responsible fordelivering such services as water supply, electricity, road maintenance, refuse collection andsanitation. Multistage sampling techniques were employed. The subjects in the study weregrouped into clusters and a sample was taken from each cluster. In this case the localmunicipalities that took part in the study were selected first, followed by wards, villages andhouseholds. Households in the selected villages were selected randomly to participate inthe study. The results showed that although the municipalities were making an effort toraise revenue and send bills to the residents, some 38% of the residents were notforthcoming with payments. The reasons found in the survey for the unwillingness to payservices by residents include ignorance, poverty and simple unwillingness to pay.
Ethical Leadership Principles in South African Public Administration Lost Opportunity or Alive with Possibility Naidoo, Goonasagree
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

South Africa is a society emerging from a chequered and troubled past with a legacy ofimpairments in terms of education skills, opportunities, resentments, equality andperceptions. As in many societies, corruption is recognized as a major hindrance to goodgovernance in the public sector. The South African government has prompted the publicsector to focus on anti-corruption measures as part of their mechanisms to prevent andcurb corruption. It is evident that these mechanisms are insufficient to prevent and curbcorruption, due to poor governance practices, such as weakness and gaps in legislation.Furthermore, the public sector has seen that there are unethical and even toxic leaders,who exploit the loopholes in the systems and processes and seek to fulfil their personaldesires at the expense of their departments. It is therefore argued that there is increasinglya need for ethical leadership in the public sector. This article therefore suggests the need forethical leadership to prevent and curb corruption and to promote good governance in theS.A. public sector. Ethical leadership is associated with leader effectiveness and goodgovernance. Leaders need to demonstrate ethical leadership in their daily behaviors,decisions and actions. By sending out strong messages about ethics and establishing clearreward and sanction systems to hold public sector employees accountable for their actions,leaders can do a lot to promote good governance in the public sector. This may need to belinked to values inherent in certain uniquely cultural and South African traditions.
Improving ICT for ODL in the UNISA Department of Public Administration Naidoo, Goonasagree
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The University of South Africa (UNISA) is a comprehensive open and distance learning(ODL) institution that aims to be the premier online teaching and eLearning institution ofchoice. This article presents a case study of the Department Public Administration inUNISA with regard for the expansion of ODL practices to improve online teaching andeLearning. The purpose of this article is firstly to recommend that the teaching and learningmethods presently used by the Department of Public Administration (UNISA) should becombined with more interactive technology-enriched teaching and learning methodologiesso that the department can “be ahead of the game” when it comes to online teaching andeLearning.. The significance of this study is to improve Public Administration teaching andlearning by the Department of Public Administration (UNISA) through creating a virtualstudy environment and in ensuring the department becomes a fully fourth and fifthgeneration ODL provider. This includes an explanation of the blended use of Informationand Communication Technology (ICT) tools such as interactive satellite-based platforms,web-based management system and social networks, as mechanisms for improving onlineteaching and eLearning methodologies in Public Administration.
The Reception of Satellite Broadcast in Public Administration Teaching at the University of South Africa Wessels, Rochelle
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The University of South Africa (UNISA) is an open learning distance education institutionwith approximately 220 000 registered students for 2012. Open distance learning (ODL)aims to bridge the time, geographical, and educational distances between the students andthe institution by removing barriers to access learning. UNISA currently uses non printinteraction, such as face-to-face contact sessions, to promote student success andmotivation. Interaction is a crucial element of the UNISA student support conceptualframework, as students engage with their material, their lecturers and with their fellowstudents to attain success in their studies. UNISA students do not attend regular classes.The average current UNISA student encounters difficulty in mastering the content ofmaterial in an isolated learning environment. This led to the need to consider alternativemethods of academic support. Satellite broadcast is a live or pre-recorded presentation oflectures or tutorials to students via a television screen at remote venues across the country.The use of satellite broadcast is especially relevant to students in South Africa studying atUNISA, as a large number of students live in rural and remote areas, and do not havecontact with their lecturers or their peers. The researcher has been using this method ofteaching for the past two years and has found that this teaching method assists thestudents with their learning processes. The researcher conducted a pilot exploratory studyon a small group of students who represent the Public Administration diploma studentswho attended the satellite broadcast classes. All students who attended the satellitebroadcast class were requested to complete the evaluation questionnaire. The perceptionsand experiences of the students were ascertained through the use of the evaluationquestionnaire. With the questionnaire, the researcher wanted to ascertain the perceptionsand experiences of the students of the satellite broadcast class. The researcher found thatthe students experienced this mode of teaching as generally beneficial to their overalllearning experience. This study will serve as a premise for further investigation on theeffectiveness of the ODL method of teaching Public Administration subjects so as toimprove the throughput of the students.
Progress and Challenges of Service Delivery in South Africa Since 1994 Hanyane, Barry; Naidoo, Goonasagree
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The new South Africa came into existence in 1994. The incoming government faced amassive task of fiscal, political, social and economic transformation, all of which wouldrequire an effective public service capability. Yet the public service itself had been subjectduring the Apartheid era to the same limitations as other key South African institutions.Due to the lack of know how in 1994, South Africa needed an overwhelmingtransformation of public service focus, culture and procedures. Yet, 15 years after thedemocratic dispensation’s arrival, many people still lack access to the most basic ofnecessities. Woolard (2002) in Burger (2005:483) argues that it is visible that poverty isSouth Africa’s priority as it is estimated that approximately 37% of South Africanhouseholds , and probably more today, survive on less than R1 000 in a month.
Factors Influencing the Formulation of A Viable Urban Development Policy in South Africa Makhanye, Samu; Myrick, Darrell
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

At the time of the 1994 democratic elections, South African cities were characterised bysub-standard housing, service delivery backlogs and serious problems in municipalspending. Indeed, there were, and still are, spatial anomalies associated with “apartheidcities” and the struggle to dismantle local government structures reminiscent of apartheidadministrations. High unemployment and poverty-stricken households further exacerbatedthe urban policy landscape. Nevertheless, the way forward was directed by the ANC’sReconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) that aimed to address basic humanneeds. That same development programme provided the backdrop for a South AfricanConstitution (1996) that proclaimed inalienable rights for all South Africans – housingbeing one of those paramount rights. Sadly, urban policies for human settlements werehastily developed and driven by political agendas that focused too far into the future,failing to address immediate housing needs. Moreover, urban policies were at timessimplistic and at times too complex, serving only to make policy formulation much moredifficult. This article discusses policy for urban development in the context of the politicaleconomy of South Africa. The aim is to explore the challenges and barriers to formulatingan urban policy.
The Nigerian Budgeting Process A Framework for Increasing Employment Performance Faleti, Kazeem Olabode; Myrick, Darrell
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

There have been several systematic inquiries into the functioning of Nigeria’s budgetimplementation process, and employment performance, particularly over the past fewdecades in order to diagnose the country’s budget implementation problems. This articlereports on an investigation into the effects of the formal budgeting process, budgetaryparticipation, sector size, and ownership on the employment performance of Nigerianministries, departments, agencies and parastatals. The study drew on observations from thearea of financial planning and control and its influence on employment performance, andwas conducted to fill the gap in previous literature about how budgeting practice affectsemployment performance. Hopefully, this theoretical exploration will provide fresh insightinto the possible correlation between budgeting practice and employment performance. Acombination of financial and non-financial measurements is suggested to reflect theeffectiveness of budgeting practice on employment performance. The findings provide moreevidence regarding the impact of the budgeting process on employment performance, andsuggestions for increasing employment performance level in Nigeria are provided, thusproviding possible solutions to similar challenges faced by other developing countries.
Perceptions of Hostel Dwellers The Conversion of Hostels into Family Units Mpehle, Zwelibanzi
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The establishment of hostels during the apartheid era was seen as immediate and long termsolution to accommodate black male migrant workers who were primarily from the SouthernAfrica region, who were contracted to work in the mines and industries. These hostels werebuilt next to townships that were designated as black residential areas located, far from thecities and towns that were inhabited by whites. These camps offered cheap and affordableaccommodation for the poor migrant workers who lived in forlorn poverty. The initiative of theNational Department of Housing in launching the Public Sector Hostels Re-DevelopmentProgramme with the initial funding of R325-million to change the deploring, congested andfilthy hostels into a clean habitation suited for occupation by families was embraced by hostelinmates as a critical government’s muscle to integrate them into local communities and makingthem more homely. This article argues that, although the government’s effort in convertinghostels into family units was seen as the right step in restoring human dignity and social fibrein muddled families, there are obstacles that make dreams of thousand hostel dwellers notrealised in good time.

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