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<![CDATA[Identification of Sex from Maxillary Sinus in Western Maharashtra Population ]]>
<![CDATA[Umang P Patel 1 , Makardar U K2 , Karkhyle Md. Layeeqeu3 , Kailash Balkund4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11552
<![CDATA[Background: As Maxillary Sinus are pneumatic bones delicate in cadavers, Morphological study hasanatomical anthropological and medico legal important. Hence Morpho metric parameters of MXS in CTscan of both sexes were studied.Methods: 23 male 23 female adult aged between 20-50 year healthy people were studied with CT images tomeasure medio-lateral, superoinferior and antero posterior dimensions and volumes of MXS in both sexesand results were analysed statistically.Results: In ML Right mean values Males was 29-30 (SD±3.17), female 27.12 (SD±5.16 t test was 1.72and p<0.001. SIR Right – Mean value of male was 40.02 (SD±3.66), female 35.11 (SD±4.40) t test 4.11and p<0.001. AP (right side) Mean value of male was 44.23 (SD±3.21), female 38.03 (SD±2.30) t test 7.53p<0.00. MLC (left side) mean value of male was 29.04 (SD±2.30), female 25.06 (SD±4.20) t test 3.98p<0.004. SIL left side mean value of male 38.41 (SD±4.12), female 35.07 (SD±3.60) t test 2.92 p<0.005.APL (left side) mean value of male 42.36 (SD±2.60), female 39.05 (SD±2.45) t test value 4.44 p<0.001.The volumes study of MXS had VR – mean value of male 18.25 (SD±2.53), female 13.30 (SD±3.14) t test5.88 p<0.041. In VL study mean value of male was 17.09 (SD±2.75), female was 12.44 (SD±3.42) p<0.001.Conclusion: This pragmatic study of sexual dimorphism will be quite useful to medico-legal expert,anthropologist and anatomist]]>
<![CDATA[COVID-19: Analysing the Legal Nuances of the Lockdown Order ]]>
<![CDATA[Swati Mohapatra1 , Yogesh Mishra2 , Lipsa Dash3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11553
<![CDATA[COVID-19 has posed a serious challenge to countries all over the world taking lives, destroying livelihood,bringing down the economies to the ground. The question now is not how soon it will pass away but howeffective will it be dealt with it. Nearly 3/4th of the countries which are affected do not have sufficientpreparedness to deal with it. It may be the lacking of a Mitigation Plan, or maybe the lack of an effectivehealth care system, or maybe the lacking of an efficient R&D, or it may also be the lack of an efficient farsighted Leader. India has been under the shadow of a few of many problems. The government of the countryrelies on the Laws to bring out a Preventive Mechanism to deal with the outburst of cases and other effects.One of which is the LockDown order which has been held as one of the first, earliest, and strictest in theWorld. The paper seeks to analyze critically the legal backing of such Lock Down, testing the nuances of iton the Constitutional Touchstone]]>
<![CDATA[Pattern of Finger Prints in Raichur District Population A Prospective Studiy Conducted at Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur ]]>
<![CDATA[Gopinath M1 , Suraj2 , Priyanka A Ghuli3 , Sharanabasavappa Karaddi4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11554
<![CDATA[The present study was a prospective study conducted in LVD College, Raichur, Karnataka, and study periodwas December 2013 to November 2014 (One year). During study period, total of 210 subjects (40 male and170 female) of Raichur origin were randomly selected and included in the study. The students were in theage group between 18 to 28 years. The purpose of the study was to find out the pattern of finger print patternsin Raichur district region.]]>
<![CDATA[Management of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Obstacle to Successful Endodontics in C Shaped Canals: A Case Series ]]>
<![CDATA[Raksha Bhat1 , Preethesh Shetty1 , Abhishek MA2 , Prajwal Shetty3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11556
<![CDATA[Comprehensive knowledge of the anatomy of the root canal system is of paramount importance in successfulendodontic treatment. It has been stated that a single tapering canal with a single apical foramen is anexception rather than a rule. Hence, awareness of unusual morphologies in the canal system is criticalfor favourable outcome of treatment. Efficacious biomechanical preparation and obturation depends uponthe timely identification of the root canal system. An important variation of the root canal system is theC shaped canal configuration. It presents with a fine fragile fins or webs joining the root canals causinginadequate debridement of the root canal system compromising the prognosis of treatment. This case seriespresents successful diagnosis, accurate radiographic visualisation of microanatomy using contrast media andmanagement of four cases of C?shaped mandibular second molars with different morphological variations.]]>
<![CDATA[Profile of Victims of Rape in the Transkei Sub-Region of South Africa (2006-2014) ]]>
<![CDATA[B MEEL]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11557
<![CDATA[Background: Rape of a women is a serious public health problem in South Africa. It is a complex issue,but it become more complex when raped either elderly women or a baby. Objective: To study the profile ofvictimsof rape in the Transkei sub-region of South Africa (2006-2014).Method: This is retrospective descriptive study over a period of 16 years (2006-2014), carried out at SinaweThuthuzela Center (STC), Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa.Results: Between 2006 and 2014, 6699 cases of rape were recorded in the register of Sinawe-ThuthuzelaCenter. Of this, 3208 (47.88%) were children of the age of 16 and below. Majority 3048 (45.5%) of rape wereoutside of their home. Victim was known in 3418 (51%) of cases. Only 1064 (15.9%) sustained physicalinjury. Alcohol has contributed in 56.2% cases. Delayed (>72 hrs) reporting to STC were 2052 (30.6%). HIVpositive were found 1180 (17.6%) victims at the time of reporting to center.Conclusion:There is a high number of rape in the Transkei sub-region of South Africa. About half of themwere children under the age of 16 years. It needs urgent attention.]]>
<![CDATA[Child Homicide in the Mthatha region of South Africa of South Africa- Case Reports ]]>
<![CDATA[B Meel]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11558
<![CDATA[Background: Children are the most vulnerable members of society and susceptible to being victims ofcrime, although the problem is hardly recognized in society. The South African Children’s Act of 2005 is afine piece of law, but its implementation at ground level is a challenge. Long-term poverty in the majority ofhouseholds and high levels of crime are inherent risks to children’s well-being in this region.Objective: To highlight the problem of child homicide in the Mthatha region of South Africa.Case report: These case reports examine three incidents of children being killed by their caregivers. In thefirst case the child had multiple injuries to bones, with distorted extremities and fractured ribs. The secondwas an infant decapitated by her mother and thrown into a nearby river. The third, a five-year-old boy, waskilled by a gunshot injury to the head. The histories, postmortem findings, cause of death, medico-legalreports and the Child Protection Act of 2005 are discussed in this manuscript.Conclusion: Crime against children takes place in the Mthatha region of South Africa, despite the existenceof the Child Protection Act. This Act needs to be strictly implemented.]]>
<![CDATA[Poverty and non-natural deaths among former mineworkers and their families in Transkei region of South Africa ]]>
<![CDATA[B Meel]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11559
<![CDATA[Background: Thousands of ex-migrant mineworkers across the former Transkei have already passed onfrom natural causes, are disabled, or have died due to either mining-related diseases or in non-natural wayssuch as accidents, suicide or homicide. Many ex-mineworkers have died prematurely, placing a strain onfamilies.Case History: Eighty-four family records were analyzed. Of these, 21 (25%) were found to be those of formermineworkers and their immediate family members. There were five mineworkers, and 14 were children ofmineworkers. Only one was a spouse of a mineworker who had died unnaturally. Three mineworkers died asa result of firearm injuries, one was assaulted by a knobkerrie, and another one died as a result of alcoholicintoxication. Two of them had heavy drinking habits. Three mineworkers were unemployed. The causesof unnatural death were as follows: five were stabbed, two died from firearm injuries, one was killed ina motor vehicle accident, one was assaulted with a blunt object, and three committed suicide by hangingand poisoning. Most victims consumed alcohol. The history and psychosocial effects are discussed in thispresentation.]]>
<![CDATA[A case report on Shortfall in Pension in a Dual Employment in Health and Rural University, South Africa ]]>
<![CDATA[B Meel]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11561
<![CDATA[Background: Chances in dual employment are that an employee will be exploited by an employer not onlyin terms of salary, but also in terms of pension. The exploited an employee use to do double work, less salaryand pension The question is, who will take responsibility if this happens? The primary health employer indual employment must take responsibility for safeguarding an employee’s pension in this case.Objective: To describe and calculate pension in dual employment from 1996 to 2018.Results: Mr BM was employed by the DOH in the government, where 5% of his salary was deducted from1996 to 1999 to be paid into a public investment fund (GEPF). He was appointed as head of department(HOD) at the rural University in February 1996, but was kept on the payroll of the health, as he was workingin the joint establishment. He was shifted from health to university payroll in 2001. This was only a shiftof payroll, not the amount of work remained same before and after this. When Mr BM retired in September2018, his pension was calculated from 2001, instead of 1996. His salary was also reduced by half by thesecond employer (university). This dual employment has complicated Mr BM salary as well pension andhas described in this manuscript.Conclusion: This double jeopardy of losses by first and second employer must be calculated so that thepension and salary can be paid appropriately from 1996 to 2018. It is primarily the responsibility of theDepartment of Health as a first entry point employer.]]>
<![CDATA[Complexity of Dual Employment in Department of Health and university, South Africa ]]>
<![CDATA[B Meel]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11562
<![CDATA[Background: Dual employment was inherited from the Transkei government, which ruled that all doctorswho worked in hospitals also had to work in the medical school of the rural University. Policies at thisuniversity are inadequate, and where they do exist their implementation is discriminatory in nature.Case history: Mr. BM joined the Department of Health as a medical officer and was subsequently appointedas an acting head of department in the Department. He had to work in the health care system as well as atthe university full-time (Joint establishment); he was working on his own in his department. He was paid asa medical officer by the health but received no remuneration from university. This was contrary to labor lawand University policy and once the council realized this, a resolution was taken granting him back payment.Unfortunately, it was not implemented.Mr. BM was working against the post of professor and acting head and carried out all the responsibilitiesof that post without being remunerated. Although he was paid at the occupational-specific dispensation(OSD) scale in 2009, it was not adjusted till his retirement in 2018; therefore it affected his pension as well.The case history, short payment in salary, and unfair labor practice in respect of his dual employment arediscussed in this manuscript.Conclusion: The DOH must take responsibility in his dual employment for this shortfall in salary, as it isthe source of major funding.]]>
<![CDATA[Biometric Cardiac Profile as a Possible Identifier for sex among Sample of Egyptian Population ]]>
<![CDATA[Walaa Abd el Hady Abd el Halim Abo-Zeid1 , Abeer Ahmed Ahmed Zayed2 , Heba Gamal Kotb2 , Reham Nafad]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11563
<![CDATA[Biometric cardiac profile measured by Echocardiography is satisfying the properties of being a successfulbiometric technique which are universality, distinctiveness, collectability, performance, acceptability andcircumvention.Objectives: The aim of the current study is to establish biometric cardiac profile as a possible identifier forsex among Egyptian candidates.Subjects & Methods: a prospective study involving 250 adult healthy volunteers provided equal sexdistribution and age range between 18 & 70 years. The sample was divided into 5 equal groups accordingto age. Demographic data were collected. Cardiac parameters were measured by echocardiography. Bodymeasurements (weight, height, body mass index ‘BMI’ and body surface area ‘BSA’) were taken from eachsubject to be studied with respect to the corresponding age, sex & cardiac parameters.Results: Discriminant scoring was calculated to identify sex using echocardiography with accuracy (65.6%).Conclusion and Recommendations: Presumptive categorization of persons according to sex can beachieved through cardiac profile measured by Echocardiography]]>
