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<![CDATA[A Study on Oxygen Consumption in Freshwater Fish Labeo Rohita Exposed to Lethal and Sub Lethal Concentrations of Ethion 50%Ec ]]>
<![CDATA[Ch.Prasanna1 , Ch.Anithasmruthi2 , V.Venkatarathnamma3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11454
<![CDATA[The pesticide pollution different classes like organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and other newgeneration ones affect the fish oxygen consumption in sublethal concentrations. Respiratory responses tolethal concentrations increase the ventilation volume and symptoms of pesticide intoxication suggestingthat the effect on respiratory surface were high in fish. Hence, in the present study an attempt has beenmade to study the effect of lethal(1.2µg/l) and sub-lethal 1/10(0.12µg/l) LC50 and 96hrs of 50% mortalityconcentrations of Ethion 50% EC an Organophosphate effect on oxygen consumption for 24 h at each 2hours interval to the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Oxygen consumption of aquatic animals isa very sensitive physiological process and therefore, alteration in the respiratory activity is considered as anindicator of stress of animals exposed to pesticides. The significant drop in the rate of oxygen consumptionwas observed in the present study in lethal and sub-lethal concentrations.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of Faradism Under Pressure Versus Complex Decongestive Therapy in Subjects with Peripheral Oedema ]]>
<![CDATA[Chelcy S Jaju1 , Mandar Malawade2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11456
<![CDATA[Background: Oedema is defined as excessive accumulation of free fluid in interstitial tissue spaces andserous cavities. The oedema may be of 2 main types: Localized when a particular organ or limb is involvede.g. lymphatic oedema, inflammatory oedema, allergic oedema and generalized when it is systemic indistribution, particularly seen in the subcutaneous tissues. The gold standard therapy for lymphedema iscomplex decongestive therapy (CDT). The first stage of CDT includes manual lymphatic drainage (MLD),compression therapy, exercise, and good skin care. The second phase, consisting of self-managing lymphaticmassage, daily use of compression garments, and self-directed continuation of the exercises, should beimplemented only after the completion of the first phase. Also, Faradism under pressure (FUP) is beneficialin oedematous conditions. In FUP, the pumping action of the alternate muscle contraction and relaxation,brings about increased venous and lymphatic return. The fluid is propelled towards the heart by an inwardpressure on the tissue spaces and veins caused by the contraction of the muscle.Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: To determine effect of faradism under pressure inperipheral oedema. To determine effect of complex decongestive therapy. To compare the effect of faradismunder pressure and complex decongestive therapy in peripheral oedematous conditions.Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 20 subjectswere assessed and all were included in the study based on inclusion criteria. Oedema was diagnosed usingvolumetric and girth assessment. Results: Intra-group statistical analysis of intervention group, pre-postvolumetric measurement score was 33.6 ±9.192 and was found to be extremely significant and pre-post girthassessment score was 2.540 ± 0.9513 which was extremely significant. Conclusion: We found that both FUPand CDT were significantly effective in reducing peripheral oedema but CDT was more effective comparedto FUP. This treatment was effective by reducing the volumetric and girth measurements which improvedquality of life of patients.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Hot Fomentation with Epsom Salt Versus Common Salt on Knee Joint Pain among Elderly in the Selected Old Age Home of Pune City ]]>
<![CDATA[Derin Okram1 , Dipak Sethi2 , Ranjana Chavan3 , Sharadha Ramesh4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11457
<![CDATA[Background & Objective: Aging is a multidimensional process of change in the physical, psychologicaland social. In India Osteoarthritis 2nd most cause of knee joint pain with the prevalence of 22 to 39%. Ouraim was to assess the effectiveness of hot fomentation with Epsom salt versus Common salt on knee jointpain among elderlyMethods: A Quasi Experimental, Non- randomized one group pre-test post-test control group design wasadopted involving 40 elderly who have knee joint pain. After obtaining informed consent elderly wereallocated into two groups of 20 each by using the Non-probability purposive sampling technique. Hotfomentation (100 ml of water at the temperature of 30-40 degree Celsius) with 2gm of Epsom salt for theexperimental group and common salt for the attention control group for 5 days once a day. Global pain scalewas used to assess the level of pain.Results: The significant change was observed in Pain level as evident that the t-value is 26.29, p-value ofEpsom is 0.00001 that is less than 0.05 and the t-value is -21.03, p-value of Common salt is 0.0001 that isless than 0.05, both the interventions were effective but Epsom salt is more effective than common salt onknee joint pain. Hence, null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. None of the demographic variables are found tohave significant association with the level of knee joint pain.Conclusion: The effectiveness of hot fomentation with Epsom salt is higher than the common salt so nullhypothesis is rejected.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of Postural Drainage and Forced Expiratory Technique Along with Segmental Relaxation Technique on Airway Clearance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Apurva Girish Mehta1 , Smita Chandrakant Patil2 , Chandrakant Babaso Patil3 , Khushboo Trishant Chot]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11458
<![CDATA[Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the major leading cause of death. In COPD,mostly death occurred due to inappropriate airway clearance. So if these condition left untreated then thisinflammation leads to repeated cycles of injury and repair of the airway wall. Few studies have shown theeffect of postural drainage and forced expiratory technique on COPD patients for airway clearance. Inthis study postural drainage and forced expiratory technique along with segmental relaxation from LauraMitchell Relaxation Technique use for mucus clearance as soon as possible in COPD patientsAim: To study the effect of segmental relaxation followed by postural drainage and forced expiratorytechnique on airway clearance in COPD patients.Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 28 individuals with COPD were included. Theywere randomly divided into 2 groups with 14 individuals in each group. Group A were treated with segmentalrelaxation from Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique along with postural drainage and forced expiratorytechnique and Group B were treated with postural drainage and forced expiratory technique. After pre-postassessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods.Conclusion: In that postural drainage and forced expiratory technique has less effect than these techniquesthat is postural drainage and forced expiratory technique along with segmental relaxation from LauraMitchell Relaxation Technique in COPD patients.]]>
<![CDATA[The Perturbation Encompassing Dental Amalgam Toxicity: A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Arjun Hegde1 , Ganaraj Shetty2 , Nishi Jayasheelan3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11459
<![CDATA[Amalgam in dentistry has been in use for over 150 years and still been widely used because of its low cost,easy application, durability, bacteriostatic effect, and strength. Whenever aesthetics isn’t the prime concernit is possibly used with no age bar, in areas of stress, as a foundation for cast-metals, ceramic restorations,and below-par oral hygiene conditions. Its advantages such as long-lasting and being less technique sensitiveamong all restorative materials, there has been growing concern about amalgam that it causes mercurytoxicity. Mercury (Hg) has been historically popular as one of the extremely toxic nonradioactive materials.Therefore, the present article aims to discuss and assess a brief historical review of literature on its adverseeffects, toxicological aspects that have been noted, potential risks relating to the dental personnel’s and itssafe and effective way of manipulating and handling concerning the use of mercury in dentistry.]]>
<![CDATA[A Study to Evaluate The Influence of Thread Designs Affecting Stability of Immediately Loaded Implant at Maxillary Posterior Region ]]>
<![CDATA[Athma Shetty1 , Manoj Shetty2 , Chethan Hegde3 , Nivya John4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11460
<![CDATA[Purpose: For successful osseointegration of an immediately loaded implant, the fundamental element isprimary stability. Establishment of primary stability is influenced by combination of various factors one ofthem being implant geometry. Evaluation of primary stability and the factors influencing it is essential forsuccessful treatment outcome.Methods: A total of 20 patients were divided into two groups. the implant placed in group I was with squarethread designs (Ankylos® implant ,DENTSPLY, Sirona) and group 2 was V shaped thread design MIS sevenimplant( MIS implant Ltd, Israel) in the pre molar-molar region. The stability was assessed with the aid ofresonance frequency analysis (Osstell™, Integration Diagnostics, Sweden) at the time of implant placement,at three months and at six months. A repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni Pairwise comparison wasused to compare the ISQ within each group.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the stability at baseline to six months (p=0.006),from baseline to three months (p=0.006) and from three months to six months (p<0.001) in both the groups.Correlation could be found between implant geometry and stability observing improved stability in group 1compared to group 2.Conclusion: The result from this material showed that the all implants were successfully osseointegratedwith a mean ISQ of 80 and 71 at six months in group I and group II respectively. Implants with square threadsshowed a higher stability at baseline, at three months and at six months in comparison to the v shaped thread.]]>
<![CDATA[Modes, Manner of deaths and types of injuries in Warangal Municipal Limits ]]>
<![CDATA[D. Vijaya Raghavendra1, K. Ravimuni2 , K. Usha Rani3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11461
<![CDATA[Accident is an unexpected, unplanned occurrence which may involve injury or it may be defined as anunpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage. Railway related injuries are not those uncommonoccurrences in forensic practice. Among the varied presentation of injuries, superficial injuries along withfractures were commonly observed. Over the last 15 years many railway accidents have happened in AndhraPradesh and in India. Following these train accidents, there has been a large amount of public debate aboutsafety management on the Indian railways. These accidents have raised issues regarding the effectiveness ofthe safety management of the railway system. This paper presents a summary of the results of a preliminarysystemic analysis of several rail accidents in and around Warangal City. The present study was conductedin the Department of Forensic Medicine, Warangal Medical College, Warangal from January 2013 to June2014 i.e., 12 months, during which the total postmortem cases were 74 occurred in the jurisdiction of theGovt. Railway Police Station, Warangal. The factors taken to enumerate the study are cause of death, mannerof death, relationship between scene of offense and cause of death, relation of intoxication status to themanner of death, age versus manner of death and period of survival.]]>
<![CDATA[Pattern of Suicidal Deaths in the First Month of Lockdown at A Tertiary Care Hospital: a Time Trend Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Deepmalya Sengupta1 , Saikat Saha2 , Pranabesh Bharatee2 , Rajib Prasad3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11462
<![CDATA[Lockdowns and quarantines were set up in various countries around the world to combat the Corona viruspandemic. The pandemic has its mental health consequences which have been aggravated by the lockdownmeasures. The resulting psychological distress and depression has ultimately led to suicides. This studyexplores the trends of suicide in the month of the lockdown and compared it with those to the prior months.The study was conducted between 25th January 2020 to 24th April 2020 and March 25th 2019 to April 24th2019 at Cooch Behar Government Medical College and Hospital, Cooch Behar. 52.1% cases of suicide wererecorded in the month of lockdown which increased from 34.1% in February 2020 and 43.1% in March2020. Most cases of suicide in the period of lockdown were in the second and third decade of life with amale predominance. For the period of lockdown, housewives, businessmen and labourers were found out tobe the vulnerable population. A social and public health response in addition to a mental health response iscrucial to prevent suicidal behaviour in lockdown period]]>
<![CDATA[Radiological Study of Ossification Centres Around Pelvis to Determine Their Age of Appearance and Fusion among Bengali Population – A Retrospective Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Deepsekhar Dalal1 , Abhishek Das1 , Sujash Biswas2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11463
<![CDATA[Introduction and background: Radiological data of appearance and fusion of ossification centres are mostlyused to determine age of individuals and compare with chronological age for medicolegal purposes. X-Rayof pelvis is very important for elderly adolescent age group. Objectives: This study has been conducted tostudy the age of appearance and fusion of ossification centres around pelvis for known chronological agedsubjects from Bengali population and compare them with known standards. Methods: In this retrospectivestudy x-ray films of 74 females and 220 males of 8 to 21 years age group from the period of 1st January 2017to 31st December 2019 have been observed. Data analyzed in Microsoft office excel 10 and presented inthe form of table and diagram. Conclusion: The study reveals age of appearance and fusion of ossificationcentres around pelvis in Bengali population which corroborate with standard values in some cases and insome do not match. It will help to estimate age of individuals for medicolegal purpose.]]>
<![CDATA[A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training Program on Self Esteem and Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction among Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Institutes of Ambala, Haryana ]]>
<![CDATA[Diksha Sharma1, Manpreet Sharma2 , Gurvinder Kaur2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11466
<![CDATA[Background: Assertiveness is an important behavior for today’s professional nurse. As nurses move awayfrom traditional roles and perceived stereotypes, it is increasingly being recognized that a nurse needs tobehave in an Assertive manner. Assertiveness is necessary for effective nurse/patient communication, it issuggested that its development may also aid the confidence and self esteem. So aim of the study to evaluateeffectiveness of assertiveness training program on self esteem and interpersonal communication satisfactionamong nursing students of selected institutes of Ambala Haryana.Methodology: Quasi-Experimental research design “Non equivalent control group pre test-post testdesign was used. Data was collected from 60 nursing students (30 in experimental and 30 in comparison)by convenience sampling technique. Standardized Rosenberg self esteem Scale and InterpersonalCommunication Satisfaction Inventory were used to collect data.Conclusion: The ‘t’ test analysis showed a significant difference before and after the administrationof Assertiveness training program. in terms of self esteem(t=11.78 and p=0.001) and Interpersonalcommunication satisfaction (t=12.78 and p=0.001) at 0.05 level of significance. Repeated measures ANOVAshows that there is a significant difference within the group in terms of self Esteem (F=4.45, p value=0.002)and Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction (F=56.60, p value=0.001) in experimental group.]]>
