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Iman Harymawan
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AJAR (Asian Journal of Accounting Research) (e-Journal)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 24599700     EISSN : 24434175     DOI : https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0107
Core Subject :
The Asian Journal of Accounting Research (AJAR) provides a forum for international researchers to publish original articles of high-quality research findings which contribute to academic literature and practice. AJAR welcomes a wide range of methodologies in all aspects of accounting and finance in developing countries, with a majority in Asia. The scope of AJAR includes, yet not limited to: - Accounting information system - Asset pricing - Auditing and financial accounting - Behavioral accounting and finance - Corporate finance and governance - Digital accounting and finance - Financial markets and institutions - International accounting and finance - Islamic accounting and finance - Management accounting - Market microstructure - Public sector accounting - Taxation The journal is administered by the Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. This journal is associated with the Airlangga Accounting International Conference (AAIC).
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 5 Issue 2" : 12 Documents clear
Behavioral determinants of nonperforming loans in Bangladesh Ratan Ghosh; Kanon Kumar Sen; Farzana Riva
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0018

Abstract

Over the last ten years (2010–2019), the amount of nonperforming loans (NPLs) has been more than tripled in the banking industry of Bangladesh. Thus, this paper explores the behavioral dimensions, which contribute to the NPLs.By analyzing social, cultural, psychological, political, economic, internal control mechanism and law enforcement contexts of Bangladesh, this study identifies nepotism (NE), moral hazard (MH ), inadequate collateral (IC), poor credit assessment (CA), lack of proper monitoring (LPM), repayment flexibility (RF), business risk (BR) and lending interest rate (LIR) as the catalysts of raising NPLs. Next, a structured questionnaire survey has been performed in Bangladesh among bank officials who closely work in credit risk management, credit supervision, corporate finance and loan recovery department. Finally, partial least squares (PLS) path modeling, a variance-based technique of structural equation modeling, is used in this study as a statistical tool to analyze the data.This study finds that moral hazard problem, lack of proper monitoring, inadequate collateral and nepotism have significant positive impact on the raising of NPLs. Unfortunately, this study does not find any statistical significance of poor credit assessment, business risk and repayment flexibility on the NPLs in Bangladesh. Finally, this study reveals that lending interest rate has significant positive impact on the NPLs. Hence, this study concludes that domestic lending interest rate is not lower enough, and so this double-digit interest rate affects negatively to loan repayment.This study concludes that moral hazard problem of borrower, lack of board independence, lack of proper monitoring, form and extent of collateral, management lobbying, indecorous personal guarantee by management, dependent-independent directors and nepotism are extensively contributing for occurring NPLs in Bangladesh. These noninstitutionalized stimulators should adequately be scrutinized by regulatory bodies, policy makers and banks. Besides, LIR needs to be decreased in a convenient level for mitigating NPLs.This study is the empirical evidence of behavioral dimensions related with the growth of NPLs in Bangladesh by taking direct response from knowledgeable bankers.
The impact of innate accruals quality on the future market value moderated by dividend policy Muljanto Siladjaja; Yuli Anwar
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-04-2020-0026

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to test and prove how the quality of innate accruals can make a significant contribution to the prospect of future market value for manufacturing industries.This research used multiple regression method by gathering all observation data on a go public company in the industrial manufacturing sector.The results of this test can show that the dividend policy helps reduce the use of accruals to increase investor perceptions about the prospects of the company's future period, especially the value of earnings informativeness, including valid information about the actual fundamental conditions. These results reflect high innate accruals quality, so the use of low accruals, especially in reporting earnings.This test uses a measurement of a constant growth rate with the calculation of the indicator g in the next five-year period, and the proof has secondary data abnormalities reflecting a very high level of variation in the use of accruals. As an implication of the data that is not normal, it causes a large amount of data pruning through outlier tests. Samples that qualify for processing are 180 from 384 data.By calculating the value of the dividend payout with the growth rate, the estimated future market price can be done with reasonable accuracy.
Adoption of principle-based IFRS and intercompany comparability of operating performance Protap Kumar Ghosh; Ranajit Kumar Bairagi; Abinash Mondal
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0015

Abstract

The study aims to investigate whether the adoption of IFRS could ensure ultimate intercompany comparability of operating performance in terms of uniformity in the application of accounting methods and reporting style.Using content analysis on 125 annual financial statements of 25 companies from five industries listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh, this study reports that only the sole adoption and application of principle based IFRS cannot ensure ultimate intercompany comparability of financial reports.The findings document that the adoption of IFRS cannot ensure the application of same accounting methods as well as way of presentations which is a precondition of greater comparability of operating performance of competitive firms. The methodological and reporting direction through local regulatory agencies alongside maximum compliance with principle based IFRS can enhance intercompany comparability of financial reports in the same industry.This study tries to manifest that sole adoption cum implementation of IFRS could not ensure ultimate intercompany comparability of operating performance within the same industry and urges to conduct further research to find out the ways to do so.
Factors influencing corporate social responsibility disclosures in Nepalese banks Gopi Bidari; Hadrian Geri Djajadikerta
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0013

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between selected firm-specific variables and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures made by Nepalese banks.A content analysis approach of the banks' annual reports is applied using a CSR disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. The factors identified in this study – bank size, bank age and bank profitability – are analyzed against the extent of CSR disclosures in the Nepalese banks using multiple regression.The main finding from the content analysis indicates that the extent of CSR disclosures made by Nepalese banks in their annual reports is mostly descriptive, with charity and donation being the most disclosed items. The main findings from the correlation and regression analyses show that there are positive and significant relationships between both bank size and profitability and the extent of CSR disclosures in the Nepalese banks, while bank age is a partial determinant.Banks have a significant role in the Nepalese economy. This study offers insights into the CSR disclosure practices of Nepalese banks, examines the potential factors affecting CSR disclosure and expands the pool of CSR knowledge in the developing country context, especially in the banking sector.
The influence of corporate governance on intellectual capital efficiency: evidence from Islamic banks of OIC countries Ejaz Aslam; Razali Haron
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-05-2020-0030

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of corporate governance (CG) on intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) in Islamic banks (IBs) of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries.A sample of 129 IBs is drawn from the 29 OIC countries from 2008 to 2017. A two-step system of the generalised method of moments has been employed to account for the unobserved endogeneity and heteroscedasticity issue that arose due to time-variant and time-invariant variables.The results revealed that CG measures, namely board size, non-executive directors do explain the extent and quality of ICE in the expected direction. In contrast, CEO duality, Shariah board and audit committee are negatively associated with the ICE. Moreover, the authors observed that male CEO in IBs has negative, but foreign ownership has a positive association with ICE in determining the extent of ICE in IBs. This study contributes specifically to the stakeholder theory and the literature of ICE and CG.The findings of the study provide insight into how a larger board can overcome skill deficiency and how making more investment in ICE would help to enhance productivity. Hence, bank managers, regulators, policymakers and shareholders have strong interest in designing the appropriate CG structure to develop ICE in banks.This is one of the few studies which provide empirical evidence of CG mechanism to boost the ICE in the perspective of IBs of the OIC countries.
Governance and ownership in Malaysia: their impacts on corporate performance Nazli Anum Mohd Ghazali
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0017

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to examine the relative influence of regulatory enhancements relating to corporate governance and attributes of business traits on performance of Malaysian listed companies.Regression analysis was performed on all 742 non-financial main board companies listed on Bursa Malaysia using data from 2013 annual reports.The results show that the number of board meetings held during the year, role separation and board size have a significant impact on corporate performance. By contrast, independent directors, government ownership and director ownership do not influence corporate performance.The study investigated non-financial companies for the financial year 2013. Hence, the results may not apply to financial companies and other years. Future research can perhaps include all types of listed companies and carry out a longitudinal study to gain more comprehensive results and understanding on the relationship between corporate governance and corporate performance. Additionally, future research could also consider employing a different methodology to further unveil factors influencing corporate performance.The above findings provide new evidence of the effectiveness of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance in improving company performance. The significance of board meetings, role separation and board size shows the importance of internal governance in shaping company processes and hence performance.The result suggests that although the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance follows the corporate governance code of developed countries, the applicability of the recommendations to a developing country is evidenced. Companies in Malaysia are predominantly government-owned or closely held, but it appears that role separation matters even in these types of companies in achieving better performance.
Effect of managerial ownership on bank value: insights of an emerging economy Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq; Tanmay Biswas; Shukla Proshad Dola
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0016

Abstract

This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of managerial ownership on bank value concerning conventional and Islamic bank. The analysis uses a balanced panel data set based on a sample consisting of 480 bank-year observations between 2003 and 2017.Ordinary least squares, fixed effect and random effect have been used primarily to examine the relationship between managerial ownership and banks' value. Later, the authors validate the core results by using the generalized linear model.This study provides general support for the claim of interest alignment that encourages bank standards with a high level of managerial ownership and partly opposes the view of the entrenchment effects.In addition, the study finds a U-shaped and insignificant relation between managerial ownership and bank value. This indicates that initially, managerial ownership is a blessing, and later, it becomes a curse in considering bank value. Moreover, bank value affects managerial ownership positively both for conventional and Islamic banks.A good number of studies are available in the current literature, which examine the impact of managerial ownership on either bank performance or risk-taking. However, very few studies are found that examine the bidirectional relationship between managerial ownership and banks' value. Moreover, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there is a dearth of literature on this topic that is built on the comparative analysis between conventional and Islamic banks.
Accounting conservatism and uncertainty in business environments; using financial data of listed companies in the Tehran stock exchange Marziyeh Hejranijamil; Afsane Hejranijamil; Javad Shekarkhah
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-04-2020-0027

Abstract

Applying conservatism to the preparation of financial statements has been considered not only as a natural mechanism to protect the interests of the stockholders but also as a practical way to assist managers to deal with uncertainty in business environments. This study aimed to determine if increasing uncertainty can lead to raising the level of conservatism used in preparing financial statements. The result of the study could provide a better understanding of the factors that influence the level of applying conservative methods in accounting and financial reporting.The model introduced by Basu (1997) was used to measure accounting conservatism. Business strategy and alertness were considered as two proxies for classifying companies according to their level of uncertainty. By adding each proxy of uncertainty to the model and using the financial data of 183 companies for five years (from 2013 to 2018), the multiple regression models were estimated through EViews. It was assumed that inert companies and those with prospector strategy face a higher level of uncertainty. Consequently, they were expected to report their financial status conservatively.Findings revealed that companies, which adopted a prospector strategy, applied more conservative methods in their financial reports. This indicated that facing wider uncertainty results in reporting more conservatively, which could not be said about inert companies.The current research is the first research undertaken in a developing country such as Iran, and the study's results may benefit other developing countries.
What determines forward-looking information disclosure in Bangladesh? Pappu Kumar Dey; Manas Roy; Mohsina Akter
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0014

Abstract

The study aims to examine the level and extent of forward-looking information (FLI) disclosure and identify the determinants driving the FLI disclosure (FLID) in the context of an emerging and developing economy.The sample includes annual reports of the top 30 listed companies in Bangladesh for the years 2013–2017. The content analysis approach is used to examine the practice of FLID and to determine the extent of FLID based on the index. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to identify the determinants of FLID.This research finds that board size, auditor's global affiliation, leverage and profitability have a substantial positive impact on FLID. By contrast, firm size and listing age have a significant negative association with FLID. Moreover, contrary to our expectation, female representation in the boardroom has an inverse effect on FLID. This study, however, does not suggest any significant impact of board independence.Small sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. Besides, the FLID index score may be affected by the subjective judgment while analyzing the content of the annual report.The findings of this paper may assist the regulators and policymakers in incorporating this new reporting paradigm in regulations. Alternatively, the current research can serve as a basis to further understand the importance of FLID for the stakeholders.This empirical study contributes to the current FLI literature in Bangladesh. A handful of studies have been done to examine the nature and level of FLID and find out the determinants of FLID in the developing countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study yet has been explored on FLID and its determinants by classifying them as qualitative and quantitative in Bangladesh.
Relationship between auditor integrity and organizational commitment to fraud prevention Mohammad Husen Rifai; Agus Widodo Mardijuwono
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-02-2020-0011

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the impact of auditor’s integrity and organizational commitment to the prevention of fraud.This research was conducted using questionnaires distributed to all internal auditors who worked at East Java Representatives Office of Indonesia’s National Government Internal Auditor. One hundred and thirteen questionnaires were distributed, and fifty-seven questionnaires were received, and all have validity eligible to use in this research. The hypothesis of this research was tested using the partial least square analysis with WarpPLS version 6.0 software.The result of this research found that auditor’s integrity and organizational commitment affect positively to fraud prevention.Using government internal auditors, this study believed, brings a new insight into government internal auditor behavior.

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