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Iman Harymawan
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AJAR (Asian Journal of Accounting Research) (e-Journal)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 24599700     EISSN : 24434175     DOI : https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0107
Core Subject :
The Asian Journal of Accounting Research (AJAR) provides a forum for international researchers to publish original articles of high-quality research findings which contribute to academic literature and practice. AJAR welcomes a wide range of methodologies in all aspects of accounting and finance in developing countries, with a majority in Asia. The scope of AJAR includes, yet not limited to: - Accounting information system - Asset pricing - Auditing and financial accounting - Behavioral accounting and finance - Corporate finance and governance - Digital accounting and finance - Financial markets and institutions - International accounting and finance - Islamic accounting and finance - Management accounting - Market microstructure - Public sector accounting - Taxation The journal is administered by the Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. This journal is associated with the Airlangga Accounting International Conference (AAIC).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 111 Documents
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Bank efficiency and practice of earnings management: a study on listed commercial banks of Bangladesh Naznin Sultana Chaity; K.M. Zahidul Islam
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-09-2020-0080

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between bank efficiency in terms of corporate governance guidelines and the extent of practice of earnings management (EM).Archival data of listed private commercial banks of Dhaka Stock Exchange over the period of 2007–2016 relating to corporate governance and earnings management are collected and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods (efficiency analysis) and applying panel regression analysis.The same distribution pattern and have low degree of the correlation (0.248) among them. It is found that private commercial banks of Bangladesh, on average, display efficiency level of 80.84%. The average value of discretionary loan loss provision (i.e. measure of earnings management) is 0.4249 and this indicates the presence of earnings management. The relation between earnings management and efficiency score in both cases of two-step system generalized methods of moments (GMMs) and difference GMM are found to be negative. The negative coefficients (−0.7969 and −0.57) indicate that as the efficiency increases, the practice of earnings management by the private commercial bank reduces. By estimating efficiency based on corporate governance guidelines and detecting the existence of EM, the major contribution of the study is establishing the relationship between bank efficiency based on compliance with corporate governance guidelines and managerial practice of earnings management in Bangladesh. Empirical results of the study have also established the fact that the more efficient the management of the banks are, the less likely it will practice earnings management under the compliance of corporate governance guidelines in Bangladesh.This research study has some limitations. Only conventional banks are considered for the study, with the exception of Islamic banks. Comparison between conventional banks and Islamic banks could have been done.Based on the literature study, the effectiveness of corporate governance aligns with decreasing agency conflict, protection of shareholders' interests and restrain management from self-serving activities (i.e. practice of earnings management). The empirical results of the study established these facts. Regulators should give more emphasis on effective implementation of good governance.To the best of the authors' knowledge, this may be the first to empirically determine the relationship between efficiency estimation based on corporate governance and earnings management in case of listed commercial banks of Bangladesh.
Behavioral determinants of nonperforming loans in Bangladesh Ratan Ghosh; Kanon Kumar Sen; Farzana Riva
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0018

Abstract

Over the last ten years (2010–2019), the amount of nonperforming loans (NPLs) has been more than tripled in the banking industry of Bangladesh. Thus, this paper explores the behavioral dimensions, which contribute to the NPLs.By analyzing social, cultural, psychological, political, economic, internal control mechanism and law enforcement contexts of Bangladesh, this study identifies nepotism (NE), moral hazard (MH ), inadequate collateral (IC), poor credit assessment (CA), lack of proper monitoring (LPM), repayment flexibility (RF), business risk (BR) and lending interest rate (LIR) as the catalysts of raising NPLs. Next, a structured questionnaire survey has been performed in Bangladesh among bank officials who closely work in credit risk management, credit supervision, corporate finance and loan recovery department. Finally, partial least squares (PLS) path modeling, a variance-based technique of structural equation modeling, is used in this study as a statistical tool to analyze the data.This study finds that moral hazard problem, lack of proper monitoring, inadequate collateral and nepotism have significant positive impact on the raising of NPLs. Unfortunately, this study does not find any statistical significance of poor credit assessment, business risk and repayment flexibility on the NPLs in Bangladesh. Finally, this study reveals that lending interest rate has significant positive impact on the NPLs. Hence, this study concludes that domestic lending interest rate is not lower enough, and so this double-digit interest rate affects negatively to loan repayment.This study concludes that moral hazard problem of borrower, lack of board independence, lack of proper monitoring, form and extent of collateral, management lobbying, indecorous personal guarantee by management, dependent-independent directors and nepotism are extensively contributing for occurring NPLs in Bangladesh. These noninstitutionalized stimulators should adequately be scrutinized by regulatory bodies, policy makers and banks. Besides, LIR needs to be decreased in a convenient level for mitigating NPLs.This study is the empirical evidence of behavioral dimensions related with the growth of NPLs in Bangladesh by taking direct response from knowledgeable bankers.
Determining The Effectiveness of Going Concern Audit Opinion by ISA 570 Ni Nyoman Alit Triani; Made Dudy Satyawan; Merlyana Dwinda Yanthi
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 2 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-2017-02-02-B004

Abstract

The research aims to address the Going Concern Audit Opinion published by the auditor with an ISA 570 basis. The application of ISA 570 will help to facilitate the auditor in publishing the Going Concern Audit Opinion. The Going Concern Audit Opinion is the opinion which is released by the auditor to assure whether the company is enabled to maintain its viability. The difference between SA 341 and ISA 570 will to contribute effective impact to the management for elucidating the management plan undertaken to overcome any difficulty they may encounter. The ISA 570 will represent that the auditor intensely guides the management in plan or strategy development for upgrading the finance and non-finance performance. The research approach is the Non-Positivistic approach from an Interpretive Perspective. The researcher obtains the source and type of data from key persons consisting of all auditors working in Public Accountant Firms (PAF) in Surabaya. The data collecting technique uses observation, interview and documentation. The result of the research shows the ISA 570 application gives the facility for the auditors in publishing a Going Concern Audit Opinion. In the audit execution, the auditor will accentuate the strategic plan for resolving the problems with which the company deals.
Traditional Market Accounting: Management or Financial Accounting? Wiyarni
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 2 Issue 1
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-2017-02-01-B002

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the area of accounting in traditional market. There are two areas of accounting: management and financial accounting. Some of traditional market traders have prepared financial notes, whereas some of them do not. Their financial notes usually consist of receivables, payables, customer orders, inventories, sales and cost price, and salary expenses. The purpose of these financial notes is usually for decision making. It is very rare for the traditional market traders to prepare financial notes for external users, such as vendors, creditors, and customers. This is because their transactions with vendors, creditors, and customers are very simple. This study used interpretive paradigm. Data was collected using in-depth interview and direct interaction with four informants from three traditional markets. Data is analyzed by organizing them, breaking them into manageable units, coding them, synthesizing them, and searching for patterns. Based on the analysis, this study found that the accounting area of traditional market activities is management accounting rather than financial accounting.
Detecting Earnings Management: A Foreign Exchange Losses (FEL) Model Yulius Jogi Christiawan; Alfa Rahmiati
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 2 Issue 1
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-2017-02-01-B003

Abstract

Foreign exchange losess bear some pressures for numerous companies in Indonesia particularly for those having liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. This occurs when Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) current exchange rate has weakened against foreign currencies. Related to those phenomenon, this study aims to investigate model earnings management actions using foreign exchange losses (FEL) which provides a method for the detection of earnings management. By employing a quantitative approach, this study used secondary data of financial statements. The data were collected from 50 companies with the largest market capitalisation, 50 of the most active companies based on trading volume, 50 of the most active companies based on the value of trade and 50 of the most active companies by frequency trading. Totally, 200 public companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange were gained as the data based on IDX statistical report 2013. The results identify that FEL model is capable to detect earnings management from a transaction in foreign exchange losses. However, the model cannot capture the phenomenon of earnings management if the company does not own or reported long-term debt and profit/loss on foreign exchange. To prove whether the manager will perform earnings management from FEL, it is suggested to conduct further research using the hypothesis of positive accounting theory (PAT).
Mapping Market-Based Accounting Research in Indonesia: Graphics and Guidelines for Future Research Novrys Suhardianto; Bambang Subroto; Grahita Chandrarin
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 2 Issue 1
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-2017-02-01-B004

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe the development of market based accounting research (MBAR) published in Indonesia for 10 years. This study attempts to explain the topics of MBAR, research method used, the variables, between-variable relationship formed, and the units analysis used in MBAR. This research uses qualitative-descriptive method to create descriptive models of MBAR articles published in accounting journals that have been accredited with minimum grade of B. The analysis of 109 MBAR articles of five accounting journals shows that 10 MBAR themes are still potential. Among three methods in MBAR, the multivariate association study is dominant. Some papers use intervening and moderating model to explore the relationship between accounting data and capital market reaction. The results for each theme are described in a research map that shows the relationship between variables (constructs) of MBAR from three units of analysis. This paper finds some implications to MBAR research agenda in the future, especially for meta-analysis research and triangulation research, due to many inconsistencies of the MBAR findings in Indonesia. In addition, accounting standard research topic is still promising in the moment of accounting standards transition.
The impact of innate accruals quality on the future market value moderated by dividend policy Muljanto Siladjaja; Yuli Anwar
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-04-2020-0026

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to test and prove how the quality of innate accruals can make a significant contribution to the prospect of future market value for manufacturing industries.This research used multiple regression method by gathering all observation data on a go public company in the industrial manufacturing sector.The results of this test can show that the dividend policy helps reduce the use of accruals to increase investor perceptions about the prospects of the company's future period, especially the value of earnings informativeness, including valid information about the actual fundamental conditions. These results reflect high innate accruals quality, so the use of low accruals, especially in reporting earnings.This test uses a measurement of a constant growth rate with the calculation of the indicator g in the next five-year period, and the proof has secondary data abnormalities reflecting a very high level of variation in the use of accruals. As an implication of the data that is not normal, it causes a large amount of data pruning through outlier tests. Samples that qualify for processing are 180 from 384 data.By calculating the value of the dividend payout with the growth rate, the estimated future market price can be done with reasonable accuracy.
Adoption of principle-based IFRS and intercompany comparability of operating performance Protap Kumar Ghosh; Ranajit Kumar Bairagi; Abinash Mondal
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-03-2020-0015

Abstract

The study aims to investigate whether the adoption of IFRS could ensure ultimate intercompany comparability of operating performance in terms of uniformity in the application of accounting methods and reporting style.Using content analysis on 125 annual financial statements of 25 companies from five industries listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh, this study reports that only the sole adoption and application of principle based IFRS cannot ensure ultimate intercompany comparability of financial reports.The findings document that the adoption of IFRS cannot ensure the application of same accounting methods as well as way of presentations which is a precondition of greater comparability of operating performance of competitive firms. The methodological and reporting direction through local regulatory agencies alongside maximum compliance with principle based IFRS can enhance intercompany comparability of financial reports in the same industry.This study tries to manifest that sole adoption cum implementation of IFRS could not ensure ultimate intercompany comparability of operating performance within the same industry and urges to conduct further research to find out the ways to do so.
Role of Audit and Governance Committee for internal Shariah audit effectiveness in Islamic banks Azam Abdelhakeem Khalid
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 5 Issue 1
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-10-2019-0075

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Audit and Governance Committee (AGC) for internal Shariah auditing's effectiveness in Bahrain's Islamic banks.This paper employed two-stage approach, i.e. collecting and analysis of data. In this paper, the interviews and literature review on AGC and internal Shariah auditor were conducted as these respondents are considered vital to Islamic banks.This paper posited that in building internal Shariah audit effectiveness' conceptual framework, the Islamic worldview theory may be employed as the theoretical foundation. Based on the theory, it was suggested that the Islamic bank's auditors and governance committees may enhance the internal Shariah auditors' effectiveness.In view of the roles of AGC on internal Shariah audit effectiveness, the current exploratory research contribute to enhance the limited knowledge about AGC by describing the practices of Bahraini Islamic banks in terms of composition, roles/duties and responsibilities and operations. This study also adds to the body literature of AGC effectiveness by identifying roles, duties and responsibilities of characterizing more active AGC and suggesting that these AGC could have a positive impact on internal Shariah audit effectiveness in Bahraini Islamic banks. Overall, this paper provides important insights for Board of Director's member can refer to AGC roles, duties and responsibilities to conduct a self-diagnosis of current practice.This paper uniquely seized Islamic world view for Islamic banks' AGC.
The effects of audit client tenure, audit lag, opinion shopping, liquidity ratio, and leverage to the going concern audit opinion Rahmat Akbar Simamora; Hendarjatno Hendarjatno
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume 4 Issue 1
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-05-2019-0038

Abstract

The going concern audit opinion is an audit opinion issued by an auditor to evaluate the company’s ability in maintaining the business continuity. The purpose of this paper is to discover the effects of audit client tenure, audit lag, opinion shopping, liquidity ratio and leverage on the going concern audit opinion.The study used secondary data obtained from financial reports and independent audit reports published by Indonesian Stock Exchange (ISE) as well as Indonesian Capital Market Directory. Besides, the population of the study included manufacturing companies registered in ISE from 2009 to 2013. Further, the present study applied purposive sampling technique which resulted in 16 companies used as the sample of the study. Then the hypothesis was examined by applying logistic regression.Results of the hypothesis examination indicated that the variables of opinion shopping and leverage affected the going concern audit opinion, whereas the variables of audit client tenure, audit lag and liquidity ratio did not affect the going concern audit opinion.Results of the hypothesis examination indicated that the variables of opinion shopping and leverage affected the going concern audit opinion, whereas the variables of audit client tenure, audit lag and liquidity ratio did not affect the going concern audit opinion.

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