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Iman Harymawan
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AJAR (Asian Journal of Accounting Research) (e-Journal)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 24599700     EISSN : 24434175     DOI : https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0107
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The Asian Journal of Accounting Research (AJAR) provides a forum for international researchers to publish original articles of high-quality research findings which contribute to academic literature and practice. AJAR welcomes a wide range of methodologies in all aspects of accounting and finance in developing countries, with a majority in Asia. The scope of AJAR includes, yet not limited to: - Accounting information system - Asset pricing - Auditing and financial accounting - Behavioral accounting and finance - Corporate finance and governance - Digital accounting and finance - Financial markets and institutions - International accounting and finance - Islamic accounting and finance - Management accounting - Market microstructure - Public sector accounting - Taxation The journal is administered by the Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. This journal is associated with the Airlangga Accounting International Conference (AAIC).
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print" : 10 Documents clear
Bank efficiency and practice of earnings management: a study on listed commercial banks of Bangladesh Naznin Sultana Chaity; K.M. Zahidul Islam
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-09-2020-0080

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between bank efficiency in terms of corporate governance guidelines and the extent of practice of earnings management (EM).Archival data of listed private commercial banks of Dhaka Stock Exchange over the period of 2007–2016 relating to corporate governance and earnings management are collected and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods (efficiency analysis) and applying panel regression analysis.The same distribution pattern and have low degree of the correlation (0.248) among them. It is found that private commercial banks of Bangladesh, on average, display efficiency level of 80.84%. The average value of discretionary loan loss provision (i.e. measure of earnings management) is 0.4249 and this indicates the presence of earnings management. The relation between earnings management and efficiency score in both cases of two-step system generalized methods of moments (GMMs) and difference GMM are found to be negative. The negative coefficients (−0.7969 and −0.57) indicate that as the efficiency increases, the practice of earnings management by the private commercial bank reduces. By estimating efficiency based on corporate governance guidelines and detecting the existence of EM, the major contribution of the study is establishing the relationship between bank efficiency based on compliance with corporate governance guidelines and managerial practice of earnings management in Bangladesh. Empirical results of the study have also established the fact that the more efficient the management of the banks are, the less likely it will practice earnings management under the compliance of corporate governance guidelines in Bangladesh.This research study has some limitations. Only conventional banks are considered for the study, with the exception of Islamic banks. Comparison between conventional banks and Islamic banks could have been done.Based on the literature study, the effectiveness of corporate governance aligns with decreasing agency conflict, protection of shareholders' interests and restrain management from self-serving activities (i.e. practice of earnings management). The empirical results of the study established these facts. Regulators should give more emphasis on effective implementation of good governance.To the best of the authors' knowledge, this may be the first to empirically determine the relationship between efficiency estimation based on corporate governance and earnings management in case of listed commercial banks of Bangladesh.
How financial literacy moderate the association between behaviour biases and investment decision? Mohd Adil; Yogita Singh; Mohd. Shamim Ansari
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-09-2020-0086

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of behavioural biases (i.e. overconfidence, risk-aversion, herding and disposition) on investment decisions amongst gender. The authors further examine the moderation effect of financial literacy in the relationship between behaviour biases and investment decisions amongst gender.The study considered a cross-sectional research design. For this survey, the data have been collected through a structured questionnaire from 253 individual investors of the Delhi-NCR region. To analyse the validity and reliability, the Pearson correlation and Cronbach's alpha test have been taken into account respectively. For testing the hypothesis, hierarchical regression analysis has been used in the study.The results of the study reveal that amongst male investors, the influence of risk-aversion and herding on investment decision was negative and statistically significant, while the influence of overconfidence on investment decision was positive and significant. However, the influence of disposition was found statistically insignificant. The results stated that amongst female investors the effect of risk-aversion and herding on investment decision was negative and statistically significant. However, the effect of overconfidence and disposition was statistically insignificant influence the investment decision. It has been observed that financial literacy has significantly influenced investment decisions amongst male and female investors. The results of the interaction effect amongst male investors stated that the interaction between overconfidence and investment decision was significantly influenced by financial literacy. However, the interaction of financial literacy with the remaining three biases, i.e. risk-aversion, herding and disposition was found insignificant. The results for the interaction effect of financial literacy with overconfidence, risk-aversion, disposition and herding were found statistically significant amongst female investors.Based on this present research finding, the study is more productive for the portfolio manager and policymakers at the time of making an investment portfolio for the investors based on their behavioural biases. The study recommends that investors need training programmes, workshops and seminars that enhance financial literacy and financial knowledge of investors which helps them to overcome the behavioural biases while making an investment decision.The current study aims to explore whether several behavioural biases can affect investment decisions amongst gender. Moreover, the authors would like to examine whether these associations are moderated by financial literacy. In this sense, financial literacy might also show a substantial part in the prediction of investments. The current study might be of the first study that examines the moderation effect financial literacy amongst male and female investors.
Nonaudit services, audit committee characteristics and accruals quality in Malaysia Wan Zurina Nik Abdul Majid; Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab; Hasnah Haron; Dian Agustia; Mohammad Nasih
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-09-2020-0090

Abstract

The study examines the relationship between nonaudit services (NAS) and accruals quality in Malaysia. The study also considers several important characteristics of audit committee as the determinant for accruals quality. Next, the study examines whether these characteristics mitigate the relationship between NAS and accruals quality.The study employs descriptive analysis, univariate tests and multivariate regression to investigate the potential effect of NAS on acruals quality. Data for audit committee characteristics were hand collected from annual reports downloaded from Bursa Malaysia's website.Based on 1,118 firm-year observations for the period 2009–2011, the study finds that NAS negatively impact accruals quality. This empirical result indicates that the economic bond that is created between auditors and clients restricts the auditors from performing their duty objectively. A fully independent audit committee weakens the negative relationship between NAS and auditor independence.The sample period represents a limitation since it only covers three years of data. This limitation is largely driven by the nature of data collection of NAS fees.These results contribute to Malaysia's policy deliberation to account for the effects of NAS on auditor independence and the oversight role of an audit committee. This study contributes to theoretical perspectives on accruals quality and corporate governance in Malaysia.The novelty of this research, coupled with institutional data in Malaysia, claims the originality of this research.
Revenue diversification and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions Peter Nderitu Githaiga
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0122

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate whether revenue diversification affects the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs).The study uses a worldwide panel data set of 443 MFIs in 108 countries for the period 2013–2018 and two-step system Generalized Method of Moments estimation model.The study finds that revenue diversification has a significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of MFIs.The findings of this study actually offer important managerial and policy lessons on MFIs’ financial sustainability. Microfinance managers and policymakers should consider revenue diversification as a strategy through which MFIs can attain financial sustainability instead of overreliance on donations and government subsidiesUnlike previous studies that examined revenue diversification in the context of banking firms, this study contributes to literature by examining the impact of revenue diversification of the financial sustainability of MFIs.
The influences of Shariah governance mechanisms on Islamic banks performance and Shariah compliance quality Md. Kausar Alam; Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Mahfuza Kamal Runy; Babatunji Samuel Adedeji; Md. Farjin Hassan
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0112

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influences of Shariah governance (SG) mechanisms on Islamic banks' performance and Shariah compliance quality in the context of Bangladesh.A semi-structured personal interview tactic was applied to accomplish the research objectives. The data were collected from the regulators, Shariah supervisory boards, Shariah department executives and Shariah experts from the Central Bank (Bangladesh Bank) and Islamic banks in Bangladesh.The study discovers that the quality of the Board of Directors (BODs), Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB), management and Shariah executives have both positive and negative influences on the Shariah compliance quality, image, goodwill and performance of Islamic banks' in Bangladesh. The compositions, formations and quality of SSB and Shariah officers positively influence the Islamic banks' fatwas, Shariah decisions, compliance quality and firm performance. The study also finds that prevailing banking pressure, current political situation, the willingness of BOD and management and social limitations impact Islamic banks' performance, Shariah compliance quality, image and goodwill.Based on our findings, if the regulators, BODs and Islamic banks can manage effective and efficient executives, it will create a positive impact on Islamic banks' performance, image, goodwill and quality compliance. As the prevailing banking pressure, current political situation and social limitations hinder the functions and employment system of the Islamic banks as well as result the Islamic banks' image, performance, Shariah implementations and compliance. Thus, the theorist needs to consider these mechanisms in extending the agency, stakeholder and resource dependence theories.This research extends the literature concerning the influences of Islamic banks' SG mechanisms in Bangladesh. The study also argued not only the efficient and effective mechanisms but also the prevailing banking pressure, current political situation and social limitations impact on Islamic banks' performance and Shariah compliance quality.
The effect of audit committee quality on the conventional and Islamic banks' financial performance between subprime and Corona crises Achraf Haddad; Anis El Ammari; Abdelfattah Bouri
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0121

Abstract

This study aims to test empirically the differences between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of impacts of the audit committees' quality on financial performance between Subprime and Corona crises.The variables are articulated in four hypotheses tested by the GLS analysis. The data were collected via DATASTREAM and from banks' annual reports. The collected data covered four continents: America, Asia, Africa and Europe. The financial performance measures and audit committee's determinants of the conventional and Islamic banks concerned 112 banks of each type after the Subprime crisis and before the Corona crisis (2010–2019).Results showed that the audit committee reduced the profitability of two bank types. Moreover, it harmed the conventional banks' efficiency, but reported an unclear effect within Islamic banks. Even so, the authors noticed that the audit committee had a positive impact for the conventional banks' liquidity, while the same effect was apparently ambiguous on the Islamic banks' liquidity. For solvency, the audit committee positively influenced conventional banks, while it affected that of Islamic banks.Empirically, the authors’ results can serve as a reference for decision-makers allowing to clarify the data on the financial competitiveness of two bank types to facilitate the planning of strategic performance programs based on the audit committee quality. Theoretically, researchers found that the differences between the results are due to the audit committee quality of each bank type or to the financial performance evaluation method. However, there are further factors that are related to the research peculiarities, the methodology, the data and the interpretation.Based on the comparative literature review between conventional and Islamic banks, this study is the first conditional and comparative research between the audit committee quality and the financial performance of conventional and Islamic banks in a specific period (after Subprime and before Corona crises).
Behavioural errors and stock market investment decisions: recent evidence from Pakistan Kashif Rashid; Yasir Bin Tariq; Mamoon Ur Rehman
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-07-2020-0065

Abstract

This study examines the role of behavioural factors, such as confidence, optimism, pessimism and rational expectation, in affecting investment decisions in the Pakistani stock market.Using daily trading data of KSE-100 index from January 2012 to December 2015, different regression models, including descriptive statistics and stationarity tests, are performed.Results indicate that stock market trading has suffered from pessimistic behaviour of investors. In the first model, the authors find a positive sign of confidence and negative sign of optimism with the trading volume. The second model shows a positive role of confidence and rational expectations in affecting the trading volume in daily, Monday and Friday samples. The results of the third model show a negative sign of both optimism and rational expectation with the trading volume. Furthermore, the next model shows a negative sign of confidence combined with pessimism while testing their relationship with the trading volume. Finally, results of the final model suggest that optimism negatively affects the trading volume, and on the other hand, pessimism has a positive impact on the trading volume.The method and empirical testing of behavioural biases and their relationship with economic variable used in this study seem to be a promising way to better understand the role of psychology in deriving financial decisions for academics and policymakers.This study uses secondary data for measuring behavioural biases and decomposes the effect between rational expectation and behavioural biases.
Resilience of Islamic cryptocurrency markets to Covid-19 shocks and the Federal Reserve policy Emna Mnif; Anis Jarboui
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-01-2021-0004

Abstract

After the COVID-19 outbreak, the Federal Reserve has undertaken several monetary policies to alleviate the pandemic consequences on the stock markets leading to a misunderstanding on the cryptocurrency market response. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of the Federal Reserve monetary policy on the Islamic and conventional cryptocurrency dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic. We, specifically, examine the associate bubbles and feedbacks effects.This paper developed a novel methodology that detects market bubbles using the statistical indicators defined by Psychological (PSY) tests. It also investigated the effect of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements on conventional and Islamic cryptocurrencies compatible with Islamic laws “Shari’ah” by using the event-driven regression.The empirical results show that the FOMC announcements have a positive significant effect after one day of the event and a negative effect before two days of the announcement on the conventional cryptocurrency markets. However, the reaction of Islamic cryptocurrencies to these events is not significant except for Hello Gold after one day of the announcement. Besides, the Hello Gold and X8X cryptocurrencies present no bubbles during this period. However, Bitcoin and Ethereum markets have short-lived bubbles.The main contribution of this study is the investigation of the response and vulnerability to pandemic shocks of a new category of cryptocurrencies backed by tangible assets. This work has practical implications as it provides new insights into trading opportunities and market reactions.To our knowledge, this work is the first study that compares the response of Islamic and conventional cryptocurrency markets to FOMC announcements during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines the presence of bubbles in these markets. Besides, the originality of this work is derived from the novelty of the data employed and the method used (PSY tests) in this study.
Agency costs, board structure and institutional investors: case of India Pankaj Chaudhary
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-12-2020-0130

Abstract

The author examines the role of board structure and institutional investors in dealing with the agency issues for the Indian firms by taking the data of NSE-500 nonfinancial firms for the period 2010–2019.The author applies dynamic panel data methodology to deal with endogeneity concerns prevalent in corporate finance variables.The agency view is consistent with the board size in the context of India. The author observed that the board size has a harmful effect on agency cost. A larger board size may create a coordination problem, or CEO may find it easy to thrust his or her decisions on board. The author also noticed that firms should have sizeable institutional ownership, particularly pressure-insensitive investors, in equity as they can reduce agency-related issues.This study focuses on one of the largest emerging economies, i.e. India.
Does privatization of public sector banks affect stock prices? An event study approach on the Indian banking sector stocks Varun Kumar Rai; Dharen Kumar Pandey
Asian Journal of Accounting Research Volume ahead-of-print Issue ahead-of-print
Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1108/AJAR-06-2021-0078

Abstract

With a sample of 22 banks, this study examines the significance of the news contents about the privatization of two public sector banks in India. New information does impact the stock markets. This study provides evidence on how the privatization of public sector banks impacted the returns of the Indian banking sector.This study employs the standard event study methodology with the market model for estimating the normal returns.The statistical results indicate that while the private sector banks experienced positive average abnormal returns on the event day, the cumulative effect of the announcement is negatively significant for both private and public sector banks. The statistical results also provide evidence of information leakage, with significant results before the announcement date. The shorter event windows analysis exhibits significant positive returns in the 5-days [−2, +2] window for the private sector banks and the entire sample, signifying a positive short-term impact on the private sector banks.The event study literature captures the impacts of many events. However, to the best of our knowledge, the impacts of the privatization of the Indian public sector banks have never been examined using the event study methodology. Hence, this study anticipates being the first-ever study to fill this gap and extend the available literature in finance. In addition, although we provide Indian evidence, future studies may be oriented to capture cross-country impacts.

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