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Muhammad Ridwan
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Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal)
Published by BIAR Publisher
ISSN : 26861216     EISSN : 26861208     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33258/bioex
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal is a peer-reviewed journal published in January, May and September by BIAR Publisher. BIoEx Journal welcomes research paper in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, medical sciences, argicultural sciences and other related fields which is published in both online and printed versions.
Arjuna Subject : Matematika - Matematika (Lain-Lain)
Articles 190 Documents
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Phytochemical Analysis and Therapeutic Interests of Azadirchta Indica (Meliaceae) Andrianarijaona Mamy; Ralaivaon-Dratsitonta Jumaël Edith Fabrice; Fatiany Pierre Ruphin; Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v7i3.1364

Abstract

This study presents a phytochemical and structural investigation of Azadirachta indica, a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Madagascar for ailments such as malaria and fever. A systematic solid-liquid extraction of the plant's bark, employing solvents of increasing polarity, yielded various crude extracts. Subsequent phytochemical screening confirmed the abundance of key secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, tannins, polysaccharides, and saponins. The dichloromethane extract, having the highest yield, was selected for further analysis. A compound was successfully isolated from this extract using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and preparative column chromatography. Its structure was then elucidated using a combination of one-dimensional spectroscopic techniques, including Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry (EI-MS), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR (with DEPT-135). The analysis of the spectral data, combined with a comprehensive literature review, led to the identification of the isolated molecule as 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, an alkaloid with the molecular formula C10H7NO3. This compound is characterized by a two-ring system and six degrees of unsaturation, consistent with its spectral data. This research not only validates the traditional use of the plant but also provides a foundation for future pharmacological studies on this isolated compound.
Enhancing the Value of Sweet Potatoes in Madagascar: Between Food Security and Productive Capital – A Socio-Anthropological Approach Ramangarijaona Simon Ludovic; Raherimalala Etienne Stefano; Ravelo Bruno Eugène Maxime; Rakotorahalahy Njaka Herihajatsilaozana Elisabeth; Ravelonjatovo Haja Herilala; Andrianjary Myriam; Ratiarimananjatovo Narindra; Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v7i3.1365

Abstract

This study focuses on the valorization of sweet potatoes in Madagascar from the perspective of food security and the accumulation of productive capital, as defined by Nurkse—that is, through the establishment of basic infrastructure. The research was conducted in the geographic areas of Ankazobe, in the northern highlands, as well as in Tsarasaotra in the Amoron'i Mania region, and in Soaindrana and Talata Ampano in the Matsiatra Ambony region. These areas are distinguished by their diverse sociocultural and economic characteristics. The central question is whether it is reasonable to consider development based on a modest, indigenous yet widespread resource like the sweet potato. The findings indicate that if its production were to increase, following a shift in the devaluing perceptions commonly associated with it, this would lead to strengthened food security. Furthermore, if basic innovations—both technical and organizational—are adopted in rural settings, the production of this tuber crop could promote the rapid accumulation of productive capital, a key element in any development process. Drawing on De Sardan’s framework of entangled social logics, which emphasizes changes in mentality, the concept of agency, and Weber’s ideal-type vision of capitalism, the objective is to move away from grand macroeconomic development theories and adopt a pragmatic approach centered on local potential. Development must therefore be rethought as a cultural process, grounded in representations and enculturated behaviors (habitus, hexis), by establishing a link between increased production and rural mentalities. The study also shows that ongoing innovations in production methods—such as those related to sweet potatoes—do not necessarily need to be expensive to trigger mechanisms for the formation of productive capital.
Phytochemical analysis of Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne (Apocynaceae) Andrianarijaona Mamy; Ralaivaon-dratsitonta Jumaël Edith Fabrice; Fatiany Pierre Ruphin; Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v7i3.1368

Abstract

Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne, a woody climbing vine endemic to Madagascar, has long been utilized in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties, despite a lack of detailed scientific investigation. This study was conducted to perform a comprehensive phytochemical analysis of the plant’s aerial parts, thereby contributing to the chemical validation of its ethnobotanical applications and supporting national conservation efforts. The powdered plant material was successively macerated with hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and methanol, yielding crude extracts with varying polarity. Phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed a significant concentration of polysaccharides, saponins, and steroids. The DCM extract, showing a promising phytochemical profile, was selected for further purification. An initial analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) indicated the presence of four dominant compounds. Subsequent separation using column chromatography resulted in the isolation of a pure compound from fractions 55 to 70. The structure of this isolated compound was determined through a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including mass spectrometry and one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT). The spectral data were compared with literature values, leading to the definitive identification of the molecule as β-Sitosterol, a common tetracyclic steroid. This finding confirms the presence of therapeutically valuable steroid compounds in L. madagascariensis, providing a scientific basis for its traditional use and a starting point for further pharmacological research.
On The Surface of The Skin Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, January
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i1.1392

Abstract

The dermatologists have recommended the usage of more melanin and skin-friendly products. The tyrosines seem to be unbearably unbeaten for the whole process of closing the end products. The protein dietary pattern that helps to energise and promote massive transpiration in the vegetables state. The different vitamins and other oxidized materials for the awakening of senses to held at a fast pace of recovery. The controllable oil glands and sweating pores are for the best in both worlds. Mycobacterium and the skin organ that requires antibiotics as the perfect combination for healthy antibodies and perfect skincare.
Amplified Local Cooling Potential of Forestation in Eastern Ethiopia’s Arid Lowlands under Climate Change: Insights from Dire Dawa, Shinile, and Somali Regions Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Yonas Tadesse Alemu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, January
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i1.1393

Abstract

This study investigates the biophysical cooling effects of forestation in eastern Ethiopia’s arid lowlands, Dire Dawa, Shinile, and Somali regions, amid climate warming, using satellite-derived data (MODIS, ERA5-Land) from 2003–2023 and CMIP6 projections to 2080 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Pairwise comparisons of land surface temperature (LST), evapotranspiration (ET), and albedo between forested and open lands (grassland, cropland, shrubland) revealed a mean cooling effect of 3.5–4.0 °C, driven primarily by enhanced ET (1,250–1,350 mm/year in dry seasons) offsetting albedo-induced warming (+18–24 W/m²). Seasonal dynamics showed amplification during dry periods (up to 4.5 °C), with Theil-Sen trends indicating a 0.14–0.18 °C/decade increase in cooling, linked to soil moisture declines (-0.004 m³/m³/decade). Structural equation modeling confirmed ET’s dominance (β=0.72 for ΔLST), though albedo’s role rises to 40% by 2080 under high emissions due to stomatal closure reducing ET by 15–20%. Projections forecast sustained amplification (4.2–4.7 °C) under moderate scenarios with 15% tree cover increase, but diminution (3.2–3.7 °C) under high emissions. Spatial analysis highlighted groundwater-dependent efficacy, strongest in Somali’s rangelands. Findings underscore forestation’s potential for heat mitigation, supporting initiatives like Ethiopia’s Green Legacy and Right Tree in the Right Place projects, while emphasizing adaptive strategies to balance water competition and albedo effects for climate-resilient land management.
Geomorphological, Electrical Resistivity and Magnetic Methods for Assessing Groundwater Potential in Adet Town, West Gojam, Ethiopia Kirubel Molla; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, January
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i1.1395

Abstract

Imagine the sun-scorched fields of Adet Town, West Gojam, and Ethiopia, where families rise each day with a flicker of hope, their hands calloused from carrying water across cracked earth. This study, "Geomorphological, Electrical Resistivity and Magnetic Methods for Assessing Groundwater Potential," breathes life into their dreams, weaving a heartfelt narrative through science to uncover hidden aquifers beneath volcanic plains. Guided by the Amhara National Regional State Water Irrigation and Energy Office Bureau (ANRSWIEOB), we walked the land, 50-meter traverses marking our steps, mapping magnetic fields that dance from 33,900 to 37,400 nT, resistivity layers hinting at low-conductivity zones, and geomorphic contours revealing a 644-meter eastward drop shaped by ancient floods. The findings are a beacon of resilience: magnetic anomalies, like those at PpW3 and Shena, signal fractured basalt where water might pool, with variability (σ up to 3,120 nT) reflecting tectonic gifts and challenges, dry wells a stark lesson from Tali Spring. Resistivity profiles illuminate perched aquifers, while Nile-like escarpments guide us to faulted recharge paths, echoing Adet’s rugged terrain. Statistically, slopes (-1.1 nT/m) and ranges (3,500 nT in BH BRIG) highlight deep structures, promising yields yet demanding care to avoid depletion, as seen in Lake Tana’s decline. Humanly, it’s a story of community, elders sharing spring lore, children dreaming of wells, scientists blending past wisdom with modern tools. The results reveal hope amid scarcity, urging sustainable stewardship. The land speaks, and we listen, turning geophysical whispers into flowing lifelines for Adet’s people, a testament to humanity’s enduring bond with the earth.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of the Anomalous Hall Angle in Magnetic Topological Semimetals Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, January
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i1.1396

Abstract

Magnetic topological semimetals like Co3Sn2S2 exhibit a large anomalous Hall angle (θA), making them promising for magnetic sensors and spin-orbit torque (SOT) devices, but scalable synthesis and real-time control remain challenging. This study aimed to predict and optimize θA in Co3Sn2S2, focusing on scalable thin-film deposition and dynamic modulation for enhanced device applicability. A predictive model (θA = arctan(σxy/σxx)) was validated against experimental data (RMSE = 10.59°), followed by simulations of thin-film deposition (substrate temperature: 200–600°C, deposition rate: 0.1–2.0 Å/s) and dynamic modulation (strain: -2% to 2%, electric field: 0–0.5 V/nm). The model accurately predicted θA for Fe-doped Co3Sn2S2 (25.6° vs. 24.8° experimental) but overestimated TbPdBi (error: 10.8°). Thin-film deposition at 208°C and 0.1 Å/s yielded θA = 7.2° (σxy = 528 Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹, ρxx = 239 μΩ cm), below experimental benchmarks (24.8°). Dynamic modulation at strain = 1.8% and electric field = 0.50 V/nm achieved θA = 7.6° (σxy = 1155 Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹, ρxx = 115 μΩ cm), suitable for basic sensors but insufficient for SOT devices (θA > 20°). While the framework captures θA trends, current synthesis and modulation methods yield θA values below device requirements, necessitating improvements. Higher deposition temperatures (500°C–600°C), stronger modulation (strain > 3%, electric field > 1.0 V/nm), and advanced modeling (e.g., DFT-derived Berry curvature) are recommended to achieve θA > 15°, enabling practical AHE applications.
Hydroclimate Vulnerability and Water Security of Croplands in a Semi-Arid City: A Case Study of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, January
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i1.1404

Abstract

In the semi-arid Dire Dawa City Administration, Ethiopia, escalating hydroclimatic stressors threaten agricultural sustainability amid rapid urbanization and climate variability. This study integrates multi-source data, climate records, satellite imagery, farmer surveys (n=450)—via a sequential flowchart (Figures 1, 3, 5) to assess drought vulnerability through hydroclimate exposure, water origins, sustainability metrics, crop sensitivities, and adaptive capacities. Over 1990–2025, annual temperatures rose 0.247°C/year (Mann-Kendall p<0.001), amplifying evapotranspiration and monsoon compression, while rainfall (595.2 mm/year, CV 10.3%) yielded seven drought years (20.6% via SPI-12) and 88 floods (+0.136/year trend, p<0.001; Figure 2). The vulnerability indices averaged 0.62, peaking at 0.75 during 2015 whiplash events (Table 1). Water origins revealed near-parity green (50.6%) and blue (49.4%) contributions, with Dechatu River (33.5%) and groundwater (15.0%) deficits at 33% under baseline, projected -5% by +2°C warming. Crop footprints (0.8–1.2 m³/kg) and renewabilities (0.65–0.75) highlighted sorghum's HIGH sustainability (71.4% green, 1.6 kg/m³ productivity), contrasting MEDIUM for blue-dependent chat (70.7%, 0.55 index) and vegetables (65.2%; Table 2; Figure 4). Sensitivity profiling showed HIGH indices for chat (rain 1.20, temp -0.90, tol. 0.20), onion, and tomato, versus LOW for sorghum (0.50, tol. 0.80), explaining 40% yield variance (r=0.65–0.85; Figure 6). Adaptive capacities stratified by scale: HIGH (0.761) for commercial (76% irrigation), LOW (0.334) for smallholders (25% financial access; Table 3). Vulnerability hotspots (28% farmlands) paired high-sensitivity/low-capacity chat/tomato in 15 kebeles, with +2°C eroding resiliencies 10–35%. Under SSP2-4.5, 25% vulnerability upticks loom, yet green buffers and sorghum anchors enable diversification. Targeted interventions, drip retrofits, tolerant varietals, could halve hotspots, fostering equitable resilience in 70% rainfed systems.
Guidance and Training for Banana Farmers in Padang Tiji District to Make Trichoderma Sp from Various Sources Bukhari, Bukhari; Khalidin; Cut Muliasari
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, January
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i1.1410

Abstract

The income of Padang Tiji farming community has been sufficient to support their families so that some of them send their children to college. But recently, because of the failure of their banana farming business due to Fusarium wilt disease, their lives have become difficult. Therefore, we, the teaching staff of the Faculty of Agriculture, took the initiative to carry out community service to help banana farmers in Meukee Village, Padang Tiji District. The community service is in the form of guidance and training in making Trichoderma Sp from several sources including: Bamboo roots and leaves and from fertile soil that is still original through a number of media, which began by training 5 core workers as pioneers, then with the following stages: (1) Taking Trichoderma Sp mother from various sources, (2) Cultivating it on PDA media to purify, (3) Cultivating again on Corn, rice and husk media and (4) Propagation on Corn and Husk media in a larger capacity so that the result is that each member of the farming group is able to develop their own trichoderma reaching 10 kg of media. This guidance was very successful because more than 80% of the members of the "Makmu Beusare" farmer group have been able to make trichoderma from various sources and media with the best source being a mixture of fertile soil, bamboo roots and leaves, while the best breeding media from a number of media used is rice husks. has been used on their banana plants to prevent Fusarium oxysporium wilt disease.
Spirals of Nature: Geometry, Growth, and the Dance of Entropy Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/bioex.v8i2.1411

Abstract

The concept of pasta serves as a unique lens to explore the interplay of physics and biology across scales, from everyday phenomena to cosmic events. This study integrates three phenomena spaghetti breaking, nuclear pasta in neutron stars, and spiral patterns in biological systems to illustrate fundamental principles like elasticity, wave propagation, extreme matter, and biological optimization. The purpose was to develop a unified computational framework to demonstrate how pasta bridges physics and biology, providing educational insights. Three simulations were conducted using Python. Spaghetti breaking was modeled as a 1D elastic rod, solving the wave equation to study stress wave propagation. Nuclear pasta was simulated via molecular dynamics, modeling 100 nucleons to identify gnocchi, spaghetti, and lasagna phases. Spiral patterns were generated using Vogel’s (1979) phyllotaxis model (r=c√n,θ=n∙〖137.5〗^o for 500 seeds, comparing their density to a circular arrangement. The spaghetti-breaking simulation showed stress waves causing multiple fractures, with 5.00 Joules of elastic energy released. Nuclear pasta exhibited a shear modulus of 1.23×1020 Pa, highlighting its role in gravitational wave production. The spiral simulation achieved a 15.22% density increase (bounding circle). Pasta effectively unifies physics and biology, offering a valuable educational tool despite density calculation discrepancies. Adjust parameters like c or the number of seeds in the spiral simulation and enhance models to 3D for accuracy.

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