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Litera Kultura
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23562714     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Social Sciences
Litera Kultura : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies accepts articles within the scope of Literature and Cultural Studies. The journal is published three times in a year: April, August, and December.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sastra dan Teori Sastra
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 3 No 2 (2015)" : 17 Documents clear
CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERTEXTUALITY OF MAYA ANGELOU’S POEMS I PUTU RAMADHANY Y.
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11275

Abstract

Keywords : Characteristics, intertextuality, poems, Maya Angelou Poems as an object of art has its value to delivers its message indirectly and beautiful, like a glimmering or absurd picture in a white canvas. No one really know what its true meanings or being riddled by many puzzles of words. This magnificent of art has its own form, foundation, form, shape and method, texture and structure to drew a lot of its potential artistic, which obviously would be a matter of choice that would be chosen by who will be its author. And speaking about characteristic in a poem, this is a feature which in a clear bright of crystal will bring a definitive differentiation inside the real person who made it. A character with an honest and sweet scent inside a man might made a poem which in its feature would be in a smooth or a gentle aura. And the opposite person of this man’s character would result a distinctive and different poem as well. In Maya Angelou’s life, If there is a one word to represent her unique characteristic inside her, that would be a thing as struggle fighting against injustice. Born as an African American woman, the little Maya Angelou yet tough must had her life being full of tragedy despair, discrimination, injustice and of course “struggle” itself. Her journeys as she lived an ever changing events in many of her life, were reflected and flowed in many parts of her poems. Reminding us about what had been happened in the eyes of a person called Maya Angelou. Based on these conditions, the analysis of this thesis is grounded on these two main questions:(1) What are the characteristics of Maya Angelou poems? and How is intertextuality in Maya Angelou’s poems?. In supporting the analysis of this thesis some related theories are applied, such as: a basic introduction inside African American feminism, and semiotic theory which based on Michael Riffaterre The effectiveness of using such theories was measured by analyzing the meaning and characteristics which found in Maya Angelou’s poems which based through on her life and settings in her experiences. Also in this thesis the author included the intertextuality between poems created by Maya Angelou herself and another poems which created by the same and different idealistic poets. This result in to what is the distinctive topics or theme between Maya Angelou’s depictions and ideas which formed in her creations and another poets.
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND RESISTANCE IN LAKSMI PAMUNTJAK’S THE QUESTION OF RED PUTRI ANGGRAENI
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11524

Abstract

Abstract This thesis employs Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’s prominent concepts of crimes against humanity to describe the government and the military’s crimes against humanity in Laksmi Pamuntjak’s The Question of Red. Through the concepts of crimes against humanity, this thesis finds the government and the military’s crimes against humanity act to the civilian that is suspected as communist members. Further, the acts become part of the government authority and power. Almost all crimes against humanity acts depicted variously, from murder, extermination, torture, to apartheid. Such in Foucault’s studies, crimes against humanity as power drags out of resistance of the communist and almost all suspected civilian. The communist characters do not only appear personally, but also in organization or group of Buru Island prisoners. The resistances toward crimes against humanity are revealed into Hollander and Einwohner’s eight type of resistance. The typology of resistance is formed by three dimension of actor, target, and observer. Those dimensions are served in novel The Question of Red. Library method is appropriate to because this thesis datum are derived by close reading and analyzing intrinsic and extrinsic elements. Indeed, the references are taken in library and internet to support the analysis process. Further, this thesis is not served in numbering or table. Keywords: crimes against humanity, resistance, bourgeoisie, communist
MARTIN’S PSYCHOPATHIC DISORDER IN THE GIRL WITH THE DRAGON TATTOO JEANETTE HERDITA JUNIARUNI WID
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11580

Abstract

Abstrak Psikopat merupakan mental disorder paling parah yang terjadi pada seseorang. Psikopat lebih dikenal sebagai social predator karena sifatnya yang suka membunuh dan menyiksa korbannya. Pada dasarnya psikopat tidak bisa mengontrol emosinya, sehingga psikopat tidak mengenali emosi mereka sendiri. psikopat dan sosiopat adalah hal yang bereda. DSM-III dan DSM-IIIR mendiagnosa sosiopat dan psikopat adalah halyang berbeda. sosiopat merupakan gabungan dari criminal dan anti social. sedangkan psikopat merupakan gabungan dari karakter dan penyimpangan tingkah laku seseorang. factor utama yang mendasari psikopat muncul dalam diri seseorang adalah pengalaman pada masa kecil mereka. Psikopat merupakan sikap yang memang tertanam pada diri seseorang apabila seseorang tersebut mengalami trauma sexual dan kekerasan pada masa kecil mereka atau pengalaman buruk yang terjadi pada masa kecil atau justru karena seseorang tersebut mengagumi seorang pembunuh yang tanpa mereka sadari menjadi panutan mereka.maka daripada itu peran orang tua dan lingkungan sangatlah penting untuk membangun atau menciptakan kepribadian seseorang. Penelitian ini di fokuskan pada sikap-sikap psikopat dalam salah satu tokoh pada novel The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo bernama Martin. Tujuan tersebut terdiri dari (1) bagaimana psikopat tersebut digambarkan melalui tokoh Martin di dalam novel In The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo (2) mengapa Martin cenderung memilih wanita menjadi korbannya. Penilitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif dan menggunakan teori psikopatik oleh Robert D.Hare untuk mengungkapkan sikap psikopatikMartin dan psikologi analysis oleh Sigmun Freud untuk mencari tahu alasan Martin menjadi seorang psikopat dan hanya mengincar wanita. Analisis data memerlukan proses (1) pengumpulan data dalam novel (2) menyetarakan data dengan teori-teori yang telah dipilih untuk membahas analisis tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis, penelitian ini menemukan hal dasar atau factor utama penyimpangan social dan mental disorder seseorang, dan bagaimana seorang anak meniru sikap seseorang yang dia kagumi. Kata kunci: psychopath, id, ego, superego, instinct, psychopathic disorder Abstract Psychopath is a worst mental disorder that ever happened to someone. Psychopath is more known as a social predator because they likes to kill and rape their victims. Psychopath cannot control their emotional and their ego, so that they can recognize teir own feeling. Psychopath and sociopath are different. A diagnosed in DSM-III and the DSM-IIIR “antisocial personality disorder”, sociopath refers primarily to a cluster of criminal and antisocial behaviors. The majority of criminals easily meet the criteria for such a diagnosis. "Psychopathy," on the other hand, is defined by a cluster of both personality traits and socially deviant behaviors. main factor why someone become a psychopath is because of his bad experience when he is child, traumatic sexual, or even he imitate his favorite people, he admiring them and Without consciousness, he admiring a killer. So that, parents and environment are important to create a character and behavior. this research focused on the psychopath actions in one of the character in The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo name Martin. The purpose are (1) How is psychopath represented through Martin’s action in Larsson’s The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2) Why does Martin tend to choose women as his objects of psychopathic action? This study will be conducted by using descriptive-qualitative method and this study uses the concept of psychopath by Robert D.Hare to reveal psychopath act of the character and psychoanalysis in analyzing what makes Martin tend to choose women and girls as his victims. The analysis of data needs some processes like (1) collecting data from novel (2) to make the data equal with the theories that chosen to discuss the analysis. Based on the analysis, this research find the main factor mental disorder or deviant behaviours and how children imitate their admire people’s behaviour. Key words: psychopath, id, ego, superego, instinct, psychopathic disorder
PARI’S CHILDHOOD MEMORIES IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S AND THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED FATIMAH
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11581

Abstract

Abstract Childhood memories have characteristics, have a link to a phenomenon called infantile amnesia, and can affect someone afterwards, particularly in adulthood. This study aims to describe Pari’s childhood memories depicted in And the Mountains Echoed novel and to reveal those childhood memories’ impact on Pari. As the tools for data analysis, firstly concept of memory will be delivered as a base to underlie childhood memories. The theory of childhood memories by Mark L. Howe and Patrick Estrade will be used to analyse the data. The data of the study is taken from author’s description and characters dialogue in And the Mountains Echoed novel which represent the childhood memories of Pari. The data is collected using library method and close reading technique. The analysis is presented using descriptive qualitative method. The result of analysis shows that Pari experiences infantile amnesia and her childhood memories are tend to be retained for a short period of time and rapidly decayed, are easily to be interfered, and can be categorized as autobiographical memories of child. At the beginning, childhood memories give negative impact on Pari. They brings her to a great confusion, it is because she is unable to recollect her own childhood memories. Finally, the childhood memories give positive impact on her, since she has seeked and found her big brother and her own roots by recollecting her childhood memories from another character. Keywords: childhood memories, infantile amnesia, early memory development.
ELIJAH’S PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AS SEEN IN PAULO COELHO’S THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN DARA NILAM
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11603

Abstract

Abstrak Artikel ini akan membahas lebih dalam mengenai proses perkembangan moral Pra konvensional tokoh utama Elijah dalam novel The Fifth Mountain karya Paulo Coelho. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang perkembangan moral yang dirumuskan oleh Lawrance Kohlberg. Tokoh utama Elijah dalam novel The Fifth Mountain digambarkan sebagai seorang nabi yang telah melalui banyak dilema moral semasa hidupnya sebagai bentuk ujian hidup yang ditimpakan kepadanya oleh Tuhan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penalaran moral yang dilakukan seseorang tidak datang dengan sendirinya namun harus melalui berbagai proses pemikiran yang bertahap seperti yang dirumuskan dalam teori perkembangan moral oleh Kohlberg. Berbagai data yang disajikan dalam artikel penelitian ini akan membuktikan bahwa moralitas berhubungan erat dengan cara berpikir dan hasil keputusan yang diambil oleh seseorang yang merupakan bagian dari proses kognitif tiap individu dan juga pengaruh dari lingkungan sekitarnya seperti yang dialami oleh tokoh utama Elijah dalam novel The Fifth Mountain yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Moralitas, Perkembangan Moral, Tahapan Perkembangan Moral Pre-konvensional, Perspektif Sosial Abstract This article deals with revealing the Pre-conventional moral development process using Kohlberg’s moral development theory as represented in Paulo Coelho’s The Fifth Mountain. The problem discussed in this study is related to depicting Elijah’s Pre-conventional moral development process as a prophet who always faced various moral dilemmas through his lifespan. It is proves that morality cannot come from itself, there are many steps ahead to follow in order to acquire higher stage of morality reasoning and this concept become the main purpose of the study. This study use psychological approach via Kohlberg’s stages of moral development theory to revealing Elijah’s moral development process. The data that collected on this study prove that morality which is deals with the way of thinking and the decision that individual make is something correspond with individual’s cognitive development and influenced by the society perspective about morality and moral value. Keywords: Morality, Moral Development, Pre-conventional Moral Development Stages, Social Perspective
THE INFLUENCES OF MODERNITY TO KWEI-LAN AND THE HUSBAND IN PEARL S. BUCK’S EAST WIND: WEST WIND UMMUL KHOIRIYAH
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11605

Abstract

Abstrak Studi ini berkaitan dengan perbedaan antara Barat dan Timur melalui tradisi dan modernitas kedua tokoh utama dalam novel Pearl S. Buck berjudul East Wind: West Wind. Tradisi digambarkan oleh Kwei-Lan, wanita China yang terkejut saat dituntut untuk beradaptasi dengan cara hidup suaminya yang berbeda setelah tinggal di Barat bertahun-tahun. Modernitas menjadi krusial terhadap perilaku dan pemikiran Kwei-Lan yang konservatif. Masalah dimulai saat Kwei-Lan beranggapan bahwa dampak mimicry terhadap kultur Barat suaminya menjadi ancaman terhadap karakternya. Dengan rasionalitas dan intelegensi yang dimiliki suaminya, pada akhirnya Kwei-Lan mengikuti cara baru suaminya. Pertanyaan, keraguan, dan kebingungan merupakan simbol ambivalensi yang Kwei-Lan alami melalui modernitas suaminya. Studi ini mengungkap tradisi China Kwei-Lan dan modernitas Barat suaminya menggunakan teori post colonial dari Homi Bhabha. Studi ini menggunakan teori tersebut, sebab Si Suami menunjukkan performa sebagai colonizer dan mengimitasi cara Barat ketika itu berhubungan dengan kebebasan. Si suami menunjukkan cara baru untuk melindungi karakter Kwei-Lan dari tradisi patriarki yang membatasi kebanyakan wanita China. Analisis studi ini menunjukkan pengaruh modernitas terhadap kedua tokoh: adanya adopsi dan adaptasi terhadap budaya Barat dan pencampuran kultur China dan Barat. Secara keseluruhan, analisis membuktikan teori Homi Bhabha mengenai korelasi dan koeksistensi Barat dan Timur yang muncul dalam novel. Penginterpretasian modernitas mengenali kesalahan konsep kemanusiaan dan mengurai perubahan baru yang signifikan yang lebih baik mengenai detail kehidupan. Kata kunci: Tradisi, modernitas, post kolonialisme. Abstract This study deals with a condition of contrastion between tradition and modernity of two major characters in Pearl S. Buck’s East Wind: West Wind. The tradition is presented well by Kwei-Lan, an ordinary Chinese woman who is startled to be adapted with the opposite way of life of her Chinese husband who has come from Western country after years. The matter of modernity becomes crucial to the extent of Kwei-Lan’s conservative conduct and thought. The problem occurs when Kwei-Lan assumes her husband’s effect of mimicry towards Western culture as a threat to her character since the beginning. With rational and intellegent senses her husband has, Kwei-Lan finally taken in the new way of him. Question, hesitant, and confusion become common signs of ambivalence Kwei-Lan experiences throughout her husband’s modernity. This study reveals Kwei-Lan’s Chinese tradition and her husband’s Western modernity using post colonial theory of Homi Bhabha. This study uses it so since the husband shows the performance of colonizer and somehow imitates Western ways as it comes with the notion of freedom. The husband shows a new way of protecting Kwei-Lan’s character from tradition of patriarchy that restraints most of Chinese women. The analysis of this study will possibly mark the influences of modernity to both characters briefly: the emergence of adoption and adaptation of Western culture and the mixture of Chinese and Western culture. Overall, the analysis verifies and convinces the theory of Homi Bhabha about the correlation and co-existence of East and West appear in the novel. The interpretation of modernity recognizes the fallacy of humanity concept and sets new significant changes that are apart better in detail of manner of living. Keywords: Tradition, modernity, post colonialism.
FEMALE CHARACTERS’ BISEXUALITY IN MICHAEL CUNNINGHAM’S THE HOURS WIDYANINGRUM
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11665

Abstract

Abstract This study focuses on bisexuality characters performed by three main female characters in The Hours written by Michael Cunningham. This study aims to depict the bisexuality and its factors toward the three main female character, and how they cope with their bisexuality.The result shows that the three female characters are bisexual. The female characters are Virginia Woolf and Laura Brown who are married women, they love their husband but at the same time they love another people, their female partner, Vanessa and Kitty, while Clarissa Vaughan had loved a man named Richard but then she decides to marry a woman, being lesbian. The factors of bisexuality of Virginia Woolf and Laura Brown are there is no satisfaction and happiness in their marriage while for Clarissa Vaughan is due to her disappointment with the opposite sex. The three female characters face their life of being bisexual differently; Virginia Woolf must hide her feeling and later decides to commit suicide, Laura Brown leaves her husband and her children, and Clarissa Vaughan remains to live with her female partner and her daughter. Keywords: Bisexuality, Sexual Orientation Abstrak Penelitian ini berfokus pada biseksualitas yang dialami oleh tiga karakter wanita utama dalam novel The Hours karya Michael Cunningham. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan biseksualitas yang dialami oleh ketiga karakter wanita utama, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan ketiga tokoh ini menjadi biseksual, dan cara mereka mengatasi biseksualitas dalam diri mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga tokoh wanita utama dalam novel The Hours adalah biseksual. Tiga tokoh wanita utama tersebut adalah Virginia Woolf dan Laura Brown, mereka adalah tokoh yang digambarkan telah menikah dengan laki-laki namun pada waktu bersamaan juga tertarik pada wanita lain, Vanessa dan Kitty, sedangkan tokoh Clarissa Vaughan pernah menjalin hubungan dengan laki-laki bernama Richard, namun kemudian menikah dengan sesama jenis, yang lebih dikenal sebagai lesbian. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tokoh Virginia Woolf dan Laura Brown menjadi biseksual adalah adanya rasa tidak puas dan kebahagiaan dalam pernikahan mereka, sedangkan pada tokoh Clarissa karena dia pernah dikecewakan oleh lelaki di masa mudanya, sehingga ketiga tokoh ini tertarik pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Ketiga tokoh wanita utama ini tidaklah mudah mengatasi biseksualitas yang ada didalam diri mereka; tokoh Virginia harus menyembunyikan perasaannya tersebut dan pada akhirnya memilih untuk bunuh diri, tokoh Laura Brown pada akhirnya meninggalkan suami dan kedua anaknya, dan tokoh Clarissa Vaughan pernah berniat untu melakukan bunuh diri namun pada akhirnya menyadari keputusan yang telah diambil yakni tetap tinggal dengan kekasih wanita dan anak perempuannya. Kata Kunci: Biseksualitas Orientasi Seksual
JAVANESE NATIVE RESISTANCE AGAINSTS COLONIAL’S AUTHORITY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S “THIS EARTH OF MANKIND” FITROKHI DANIEL AKBAR
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.11728

Abstract

Abstract The aim of the study is to answer two question which are stated in the problem formulation, namely (1) To describe how Colonial’s authority suppression triggers the reaction of native Javanese’s resistance in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s This Earth of Mankind and (2) To describe how is native Javanese’s resistance against Colonial’s authority in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s This Earth of Mankind. The Javanese Native resistance and the Colonial suppression are the trigger of natives reaction. Pramoedya he is the greatest Indonesian-humanism who always concerns with the equality of human right. His concerns are reflected on almost all of pieces of writings and works which endow the message to make human becomes more sensitive to others need. The Javanese native’s resistance focuses on the two charatcters as the main characters and representations, they are Minke and Nyai Ontosoroh. The research is descriptive qualitative. Type of the data and the data source taken from two data source is primary and secondary. The primary data source is This earth of Mankind novel written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer released in 1975. The secondary data sources are taken from theory, other source and internet related to the study. The technique of collecting data is documentation. The steps are reading novel, classfying and analyzing the data, taking note and browsing to the internet. Based on the analysis, the study shows that the problem faced by the major character is the own psychology condition to decide the appropriate ways for his life. Their resistance against colonial’s authority is in the form of empowering themself in higher education. The result of this study is colonial’s power can be banned by the Javanese native almost in every aspect of life. Keywords: resistance, javanese, native, colonial, authority, suppression
MEN’S OPPRESSION IN PEARL S. BUCK’S THE GOOD EARTH FAIZATUL WIDAK
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.12288

Abstract

Abstract Oppression is the element of “press” that in any condition cannot be mentioned as the correct behavior. Wang Lung and other men characters in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth proves the oppression that men sometimes do. The common thing in this novel is men oppress the women, it is because men is a privilege group and has “something” that more than women and the worst thing the society seems approves the norms and stereotype that encourages the oppression. This thesis is aimed to depict the men’s oppression in this novel and some ways of the female characters in surviving from the oppression. The study applies descriptive analysis method, the concept of oppression and the theory of patriarchy and radical feminism by several experts. The theories and concept are well applied to reveal the statement of the problems. Wang Lung, in oppressing some female characters in the novel applies the three forms of Young’s explanation about oppression. There are exploitation, marginalization and powerlessness. Those are makes O’lan has some changes in her life. However the Old Lord and the cousin of Wang lung also do the oppression but not too explained well. Then the female characters have some ways to face the oppression. O’lan chooses to be silent, depicts herself and other women as the slave and always being afraid of Wang Lung. Other women characters also proves the changes that they face to survive from the oppression. Keywords: oppression, patriarchy in China, privilege, men and women. Abstrak Penindasan adalah bagian dari kata “tekan” yang bilamanapun tidak bisa dikatakan sebagai tindakan yang dibenarkan. Penindasan tersebut dibuktikan oleh Wang Lung dan karakter laki-laki lainnya dalam novel The Good Earth karya Pearl S. Buck bahwa laki-laki melakukan penindasan. Hal yang lumrah dalam novel ini adalah laki-laki menindas perempuan yang dikarenakan laki-laki merupakan sebuah kelompok yang diistimewakan dan memiliki “sesuatu” yang lebih dibandingkan dengan perempuan, dan buruknya lagi masyarakat seakan-akan sepakat terhadap norma-norma dan stereotipe yang mendukung penindasan tersebut. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan penindasan oleh kaum laki-laki dalam novel ini dan beberapa cara yang dilakukan oleh tokoh perempuan untuk bertahan dari penindasan tersebut. Skripsi ini mengaplikasikan metode analisis secara deskripsi, konsep dari penindasan itu sendiri dan teori patriarki serta feminis radikal dari beberapa ahli. Teori dan konsep tersebut digunakan untuk mengungkap masalah-masalah dalam skripsi ini. Wang Lung, ketika menindas beberapa tokoh perempuan dalam novel ini melakukan tiga macam bentuk dari penindasan itu sendiri seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Young tentang penindasan, yaitu eksploitasi, marginalisasi, dan memanfaatkan kelemahan. Hal-hal tersebut membuat O’lan menemui perubahan-perubahan dalam hidupnya. Selanjutnya Penguasa yang sudah lanjut usia dan sepupu dari Wang Lung juga melakukan penindasan tapi tidak terlalu dijelaskan sejeals Wang Lung. Kemudian tokoh-tokoh perempuannya mempunyai beberapa cara untuk menghadapi penindasan tersebut. O’lan memilih untuk diam saja, menganggap dirinya danp erempuan lainnya sebagai budak laki-laki serta selalu tkaut terhadap Wang Lung. Tokoh lainnya juga membuktikan perubahan-perubahan yang mereka pilih untuk bertahan terhadap penindasan tersebut. Kata Kunci: penindasan, patriarki di Cina, hak istimewa, laki-laki dan perempuan
ERIK’S DETERMINISM IN GASTON LEROUX THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/lk.v3i2.12509

Abstract

Abstrak Setiap manusia memiliki sifat karakter atau kepribadian yang berbeda-beda. Dengan kata lain, setiap orang mempunyai keunikannya sendiri. Setiap keunikan tersebut dapat terbentuk dengan cara-cara dan faktor-faktor yang berbeda, dan itu disebut determinisme. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada determinisme dari novel The Phantom of the Opera oleh Gaston Leroux. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana kepribadian seseorang dapat ditentukan baik oleh kekuatan internal atau eksternal dan faktor penyebab apa saja yang mempengaruhi determinisme seseorang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data deskriptif-qualitatif dengan pendekatan konsep determinisme menurut David Hume untuk menunjukan determinisme seseorang dan sebagai tambahan konsep kepribadian menurut Larsen & Buss. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan, (1) refleksi dari determinisme yang dialami Erik, pemeran utama dalam novel yang ditinjau dari pendekatan determinisme adalah perlakuan dari orang tua, orang-orang sekitar, dan lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi karakter atau kepribadian seseorang. dan (2) penyebab determinisme Erik adalah penolakan dari orang tuanya akibat keburuk rupaan Erik, perlakuan orang-orang sekitar Erik yang membuatnya tidak mengenal kebaikan, serta kasih sayang Christine (wanita yang dicintai Erik) yang membuat Erik melepaskan segala sesuatu. Kata kunci : determinisme, kepribadian, keunikan, kasih sayang, melepaskan. Abstract Every human being has the different character or personality. In other words, everyone has their own uniqueness. Each of the uniqueness can be formed in the different ways and factors, and it is called determinism. This study focused on the determinism of the novel The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the personality of a person can be determined either by internal or external force and the factorsof causes which can influence a person’s determinism. This study uses research methode of descriptive-qualitative with an approach of determinism concept by David Hume to show someone determinism and in addition the concept of personality by Larsen and Buss. The result of this study revealed that (1) the reflection of determinism whic is experienced by Erik, as the main character in the novel in terms of determinism approach are the treatment of his parent, people around him, and the environment can affect a person's character or personality, and (2) the causes of determinism Erik are rejection from his parents due to the ugliness of Erik, treatment of people around Erik who made him does not know the goodness, and Christine’s affection (the woman who is Erik loved) which makes Erik relinquish everything. Keywords: determinism, personality, uniqueness, affection, relinquish

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